聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺(PMI)泡沫研制现状

综述了聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺(PMI)泡沫的性能、制备和运用.PMI 泡沫耐高温、高比强度、高比模量、具有很宽的高频稳定性、100%闭孔,非常适合于制备泡沫夹心结构.配方技术、分子结构控制技术是 PMI泡沫制备的关键技术.泡沫配方与主原料(甲基丙烯睛和甲基丙烯酸)、引发剂、发泡剂、交联剂、阻燃剂和其他添加剂有关,其种类和用量需要通过试验仔细选择.阐述了反应原理.二步法工艺即低温预聚合和高温发泡,适合于PMI泡沫的制备.预期了未来的发展方向.     

PVC糊树脂对交联PVC泡沫塑料的影响

通过水煮发泡制备交联聚氯乙烯泡沫塑料,讨论了聚氯乙烯(PVC)糊树脂对泡沫制备过程中经制糊、模压和发泡工艺得到的产物的影响,研究了PVC糊树脂对制备的交联PVC泡沫压缩性能的影响.结果表明:制备交联聚氯乙烯泡沫塑料适宜的糊黏度是4～9 Pa·s;PVC糊树脂的K值较大或水萃取液pH值呈碱性可有效防止模压过程中PVC的降解;PVC糊树脂的水萃取液pH值呈碱性可催化发泡反应,有利于得到低密度泡沫且缩短发泡时间;随着其K值增加,制备的泡沫压缩强度增大,但是K值过大时,制备的泡沫泡孔较大,压缩强度反而降低,适宜的K值为70～80.     

PMI 泡沫发泡过程中的分子结构转变

聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺(PMI)泡沫经两步制得:(1)通过本体聚合得到可发性甲基丙烯酸/丙烯腈共聚物板;(2)190℃发泡1h制得PMI泡沫.采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)、动态机械热分析(DMTA)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)分析了热处理对共聚物结构的影响,并研究了发泡过程中的分子结构转变.结果表明共聚物在发泡过程中分子内生成六元酰亚胺环以及酸酐环:发泡剂分解产生的氨气亦参与反应,并使得酸酐环进一步转变为酰亚胺环;同时分子间生成交联结构;酰亚胺环中N-H键氢的化学位移δ为10.50.SEM照片表明所得泡沫为高闭孔率结构,泡孔结构完整,泡孔尺寸较均一.     

硬质闭孔聚氨酯泡沫塑料的力学性能

本文研究了硬质闭孔聚氨酯泡沫塑料的抗压强度、抗压弹性模量、拉伸弹性模量、剪切弹性模量随泡沫塑料密度变化的规律,得出了在一定密度范围内依据密度计算以上各强度指标的关系式。研究了闭孔泡沫塑料的各向异性特征随温度变化的规律,讨论了发泡环境因素对泡沫塑料力学性能的影响,并探讨了各强度指标对温度的依赖性,得出一些十分有意义的结论。     

一种含硅芳炔树脂泡沫的制备及性能

以含硅芳炔树脂为基体,偶氮二甲酰胺(AC)为发泡剂,脲素为助发泡剂,通过树脂在固化的同时进行发泡,制备出工艺简单、结构基本可控的泡沫材料。研究结果表明,当泡沫材料密度约为0.578 g/cm~3时,泡孔直径约300μm,压缩强度为6.32 MPa,热导率为0.112 W/(m·K),介电常数为1.7左右。     

硅泡沫材料的制备与表征

采用硅树脂为基体制备硅泡沫材料,并对其性能进行表征.选用季戊四醇降低了发泡剂H的分解温度,解决了泡体的交联速率与发泡体系的分解速率相配合的问题;通过添加补强性填料气相法白炭黑,减小了发泡孔径并提高了泡沫材料的物理、力学性能.结果表明:通过对低黏度羟基封端硅氧烷的预聚,提高了有机硅树脂的黏度;采用低黏度羟基封端硅氧烷作为钝化剂对气相法白炭黑表面进行钝化处理,消除其表面的Si-OH,降低了体系在混炼过程中产生结构化的可能性.最终得到了泡孔均匀细密,有较高耐热温度、物理、力学性能较好的硅泡沫材料.     

电器灌封用环氧泡沫塑料制备工艺研究

采用DSC技术和旋转粘度法对环氧发泡体系的反应过程进行深入的研究,探讨了不同预聚温度(60℃,70℃,80℃)下树脂发泡体系的粘度、固化度和时间的关系,分析了发泡速率和固化速率的匹配性,初步确定了两步法制备工艺.结果表明,制备的环氧泡沫塑料具有良好的综合性能.     

纳米孔径酚醛树脂基泡沫碳前驱体的隔热性能

采用热塑性酚醛树脂为原料,通过液相低压发泡工艺制备得到具有纳米孔径的酚醛树脂基泡沫碳前驱体.研究了前驱体的隔热机理和纳米孔径结构对热导率的改善以及材料的热导率随体积密度和测试温度的变化规律.结果表明,由于具有均匀分布的纳米孔径结构,前驱体的隔热性得到改善和提高.前驱体的热导率随体积密度的增大存在一个最佳密度点,此时热导率取得极小值.200℃以前,前驱体的热导率随测试温度的升高先增后减,200℃以后热导率变化甚少,高密度的前驱体出现极大值拐点的温度比低密度前驱体延缓20℃.     

丁腈橡胶增韧酚醛树脂基变密度烧蚀防热复合材料研究

采用丁腈增韧酚醛树脂作为变密度烧蚀材料基体，通过化学发泡法来降低材料的密度，并通过调节发泡剂用量实现对材料密度的设计，制备了变密度烧蚀材料并进行了性能测试。实验结果表明：变密度烧蚀材料的力学性能随密度的升高而提高，隔热性能随密度的降低而提高；采用变密度烧蚀材料可使材料的烧蚀热效率提高12％左右。     

二步发泡酚醛泡沫塑料的研究

酚醛泡沫塑料具有耐高温、难燃、耐老化和抗压强度高及价廉等优点,它是一种优良的耐高温隔热材料。由于醛酚树脂的发泡工艺性差,难于制成高度较高和容积较大的制品,所以在应用方面受到限制,本报告研究了二步发泡工艺。即先将酚醛树脂制成预发泡体,然后利用预发泡体安装到所需填充泡沫的部位进一步发泡和固化,这样可制成高质量且形伏较复杂的泡沫塑料。本报告着重研究了影响二次发泡的各种工艺因素以及酚醛泡沫的性能。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.