新一代无源微波遥感器及其在地球同步卫星上的应用研究

星载无源微波遥感已发展成为观测大气与地球表面的重要手段，地球同步气象卫星上使用的微波遥感仪器必须是新一代先进的遥感器；它应兼备传统的无源微波大气探测仪及微波成像仪的双重功能。本文叙述了国际上新一代星载无源微波遥感器的研究现状和发展趋势，讨论了在地球同步气象卫星上装载无源微波遥感仪器的可行性及其关键技术，并研究了其频率的选择问题。     

红外及微波定标试验用空间环模设备研制

为了满足星载光学遥感仪器红外定标试验和星载微波遥感仪器微波真空定标试验的需求,上海卫星工程研究所研制成一套专用空间环模设备,该套设备在红外定标用20 K冷屏制冷方式的基础上,采用5台G-M制冷机组合冷却冷屏,冷屏温度可降至20 K以下。同时,该设备是国内第一台微波真空定标试验设备。试验证明设备各系统达到设计指标要求。     

星载主动遥感气溶胶-云参数技术需求与进展

面对越来越迫切的气象和气候预测及大气环境监测需求,利用主动星载仪器在全球范围内探测云和气溶胶参数成为快速发展的研究领域。相比被动遥感仪器,主动仪器可以获取云和气溶胶参数的垂直分布信息,这将在天气气候模式的改进方面发挥重要作用。通过云和气溶胶遥感需求分析,从雷达数据应用角度,首先介绍了数值模式对云和气溶胶的科学参数需求和定量需求,进一步分析了云和气溶胶联合观测的需求,以及星载微波激光雷达的探测特点;然后对国内外正在规划的星载云和气溶胶微波激光雷达探测任务进行了综述,包括仪器指标和数据产品设计;最后展望这一领域的应用前景。     

Remote sensing in the information age

A large percentage of the public today perceives the majority of applications of Earth observation data from satellite and aircraft altitudes to be focused on the understanding and management of the renewable and non-renewable resources of the Earth and its environment. Originally conceived as a tool for gathering intelligence information, remote sensing has just fully emerged from its military womb to the public domain. Advances in the technology, a variety of indirect benefits that could be derived from space exploration, commercialization of remote sensing and the drive of the value-added companies - all of these hold promise for new opportunities for many other novel applications of Earth observation data and related information. In the advent of the more advanced, user-friendly, cost effective, and problem solving operations being championed by the private sector, particularly in the industrialized countries, it appears that the commercial future for remote sensing programmes and related information generated in the process is promising. This paper examines how the information age is influencing the metamorphosis of remote sensing technology particularly through international legal instruments and converging technologies. In spite of the progress attained to-date, of international concern is possible radio frequency interference between remote sensing satellite and communication satellite services. There is also a major knowledge gap between the providers of raw remote sensing data and the user community, particularly those interested in the new high-level information. A resolution of these issues will enhance the contributions of remote sensing to the information economy.     

机载高分辨率遥感图像实时压缩系统研究

介绍了图像压缩系统的5种主要架构,分析、比较了这5种架构的优缺点。基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)的图像压缩系统架构,提出了一种适合机载应用的高分辨率遥感图像实时压缩系统,该系统具有体积小、功耗低的特点。另外,还针对JPEG-LS(JPEG-Lossless)算法的特点,提出了一种简单有效的位率控制和抗误码方法,并在基于VIRTEX-ⅡFPGA的实时压缩系统中进行了具体应用,实现了机载遥感图像的无损和近无损图像实时压缩。该系统预留了充分的硬件资源,可支持EZW和SPIHT等复杂度较高的高倍率图像压缩算法的应用。     

InGaAs探测器热电制冷方法研究

InGaAs探测器在短波红外领域具有良好的探测率,对空间遥感和探测有重要的价值。为了实现空间红外仪器的高灵敏度要求,使用热电制冷技术设计了探测器制冷系统,使探测器稳定地工作在合适的温度,以相对较小的体积和功耗代价显著地提高红外仪器的探测灵敏度。     

The benefits of remote sensing for energy policy

A strong remote sensing regime is a necessary component of any contemporary national or international energy policy. Energy is essential to the functioning of modern industrial society, and as such it is the responsibility of governments to produce sound national energy policies in order to ensure stable economic growth, ecologically responsible use of energy resources and the health and safety of citizens. Comprehensive, accurate and timely remote sensing data can aid decision making on energy matters in several areas. This paper looks at the benefits that can be realized in resource exploration, weather forecasting and environmental monitoring. Improvements in the technology of remote sensing platforms would be of great value to buyers of energy, sellers of energy and the environment. Furthermore, the utility of such information could be enhanced by efforts of government agencies to communicate it more effectively to the end-user. National energy policies should thus include investments not only in satellite system hardware to collect data, but also in the services required to interpret and distribute the data.     

航天遥感科学技术的发展

简要说明了航天遥感和航天遥感系统的概念和组成,特别对航天光学遥感成像链、成像系统和遥感系统的概念和组成做了论述,重点介绍了航天遥感科学技术的发展现状和发展方向,同时提出了发展我国航天遥感科学技术的若干建议。     

我国极轨气象卫星的发展

介绍了我国极轨气象卫星的现况。提出了由风云三号(FY-3)上午星、下午星和降水测量卫星组成的我国极轨气象卫星对地观测网构想,给出了三种卫星的主要仪器性能指标。讨论了多载荷综合观测,利用微波波段实现全天候探测,提高光谱分辨率,提高空间分辨率,提高仪器的灵敏度、定标精度,发展无线电(GPS)掩星探测,以及发展主动遥感等极轨气象卫星发展趋势。对我国极轨气象卫星的发展给出了气象卫星向对地综合观测发展、遥感探测技术向"四高两全一多"发展、探测方式向主动与被动结合方向发展、遥感应用向高精度定量化发展、发展专用卫星或小卫星阵列等建议。分析了转动部件与太阳阵耦合抑制、高指向精度高稳定度姿态控制、高数据率数据传输、颤振对高光谱成像质量的影响分析及减振、主动微波及可见、红外、紫外谱段高精度地面及在轨定标等实现我国极轨气象卫星发展的关键技术。     

星上遥感影像在轨处理进展研究

从星地数传、高时敏任务等对星上遥感影像在轨处理的需求出发,本文对美国、欧洲以及国内主要的星上遥感影像在轨处理进展进行了研究;以此为基础,结合星上遥感影像在轨处理框架与深度学习等智能处理技术,分析了高性能星上智能处理平台构建、基于深度学习的遥感影像在轨智能处理、多源遥感影像数据在轨融合处理、星地协同数据处理及在轨更新等星上遥感影像在轨处理关键技术;最后,对星上遥感影像在轨处理未来发展趋势进行了总结,为进一步提升遥感卫星在轨应用效能提供参考。     

The IRS-P3 remote sensing mission

ISRO has developed the PSLV rocket (Polar Spacecraft Launch Vehicle) for polar orbiting satellites up to 1000 kg and is conducting a series of test missions. One of this is the IRS-P3, an remote sensing satellite with German participation. The payload consists of 3 scientific instruments: The wide field sensor WiFS for vegetation monitoring (ISRO), the imaging spectrometer MOS (DLR/Germany) for coastal zone and ocean studies an the X-ray astronomy payload (ISRO). The paper gives technical details and parameters on the launch vehicle, the satellite, the instruments and scientific goals and data utilization.     

景物和成像条件对遥感图像品质的影响

遥感图像是遥感数据获取系统的输出,遥感图像的品质表现为遥感图像在完成遥感任务中的应用价值。遥感图像品质由成像链的状态和性能决定。成像链包含景物、成像条件和成像系统的所有组成部分。文章介绍光学遥感情况下,景物和成像条件对遥感图像品质的影响,包括景物特性和成像条件的表征,及其对遥感图像品质影响的分析。同时,指出了针对景物和成像条件,在成像系统设计和运行等方面需注意的问题。     

关于航天遥感的若干问题

文章对航天遥感的任务、航天遥感系统和遥感数据链及遥感信息链的组成、遥感数据质量和遥感解译质量的概念予以综述,对航天遥感面临的若干问题加以说明和讨论.     

Erdbeobachtende missionen—Anforderungen und konzepte

(Earth Observation Missions—Requirements and Concepts)—Ten years ago, on 23 July 1972. NASA launched the first satellite specifically designed for Earth observation. With Landsat 1 the importance and attractiveness of remote sensing from space increased worldwide.The paper presents in an overview former remote sensing missions with their applications and the system elements required for gathering Earth observation information. Main elements are the sensors (optical, microwave, and other instruments), the platforms (satellites, space stations, aircraft and Earth based stations) and their orbits.It is shown how these elements are interrelated and which constraints must be considered for planning an Earth observation mission. The feasibility, the amount of hard- and software, the costs, and the performance of a system are decisive for the realization of a satellite concept.Examples for different concepts investigated to date at Dornier System are given; included is the first ESA Remote Sensing Satellite ERS-1, which is now under definition at Dornier System, the main contractor of ESA.     

基于深度卷积神经网络的遥感影像目标检测

随着遥感影像数据规模的快速扩张,如何高效准确地识别遥感影像中的典型目标成为当前的研究热点。为解决传统遥感影像目标检测方法准确率低的问题,用基于深度卷积神经网络进行遥感影像目标检测,在遥感影像数据集上用基于Faster-RCNN的神经网络模型对VGG16卷积网络进行训练,对输入的遥感影像通过区域推荐网络标注出待检目标的包围框和置信度,实现对遥感影像的目标检测。以飞机和油罐为例,在TensorFlow深度学习框架下实现了数据预处理、网络训练、目标检测等功能,并在当前测试数据集上取得了较高的检测准确率和置信度。该研究成果可应用于遥感影像解译和处理等相关领域。     

资源三号卫星廊坊地区遥感数据的融合处理

本文以资源三号卫星河北省廊坊地区2A级全色遥感影像和多光谱影像数据为基础,采用遥感数字图像处理软件ERDASIMAGINE进行了研究区域的提取,并对提取的感兴趣区进行了几何校正,即图像配准处理,然后进行了融合处理,分别采用了空间增强的分辨率融合算法、改进IHS分辨率融合算法以及小波分辨率融合算法,通过和融合前的影像进行对比,融合后的影像既保留了多光谱影像的丰富的波谱信息,同时具有了全色影像的高空间分辨率的特征,最后对比三种融合算法,得出改进的IHS分辨率融合算法效果最佳。     

Possibilities for the detection of microbial life on extrasolar planets

We consider possibilities for the remote detection of microbial life on extrasolar planets. The Darwin/Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) telescope concepts for observations of terrestrial planets focus on indirect searches for life through the detection of atmospheric gases related to life processes. Direct detection of extraterrestrial life may also be possible through well-designed searches for microbial life forms. Satellites in Earth orbit routinely monitor colonies of terrestrial algae in oceans and lakes by analysis of reflected ocean light in the visible region of the spectrum. These remote sensing techniques suggest strategies for extrasolar searches for signatures of chlorophylls and related photosynthetic compounds associated with life. However, identification of such life-related compounds on extrasolar planets would require observations through strong, interfering absorptions and scattering radiances from the remote atmospheres and landmasses. Techniques for removal of interfering radiances have been extensively developed for remote sensing from Earth orbit. Comparable techniques would have to be developed for extrasolar planet observations also, but doing so would be challenging for a remote planet. Darwin/TPF coronagraph concepts operating in the visible seem to be best suited for searches for extrasolar microbial life forms with instruments that can be projected for the 2010-2020 decades, although resolution and signal-to-noise ratio constraints severely limit detection possibilities on terrestrial-type planets. The generation of telescopes with large apertures and extremely high spatial resolutions that will follow Darwin/TPF could offer striking possibilities for the direct detection of extrasolar microbial life.     

成像卫星在轨智能处理技术研究进展

从成像卫星在轨智能处理技术的重要性出发,分析了现阶段国内外研究现状,并总结了星上计算资源受限、实时性要求高、缺少大规模数据集、空间环境特殊性等在轨智能面临的主要挑战.针对问题,系统总结了智能算法、硬件平台和优化技术三个方面的相关技术,其中对于遥感目标智能检测算法,详细描述了数据集、模型架构、实时性等多个方面.最后,对成...     

遥感卫星平台与载荷一体化构型

随着遥感卫星制造技术的不断提高,高精度、高敏捷性、低成本遥感卫星的需求日益强烈。平台与载荷一体化设计是未来高精度、高敏捷性、低成本遥感卫星发展的重要方向之一,平台与载荷一体化构型设计是平台与载荷一体化遥感卫星的关键。目前已有多颗平台与载荷一体化构型的遥感卫星在轨飞行,中国尚处于起步阶段。文章分析了平台与载荷一体化设计的遥感卫星构型;从提高图像定位精度、降低卫星质量、降低建造成本等方面,分析了平台与载荷一体化构型的优势;对载荷设计需具有整星级优化理念、载荷需提供多种接口、平台与载荷间具有强耦合关系等一体化构型的特点进行了总结;给出了一体化构型的建议,如整星形状设计、主承力结构设计、大型部件布局等。     

关于遥感图像品质的若干问题

遥感图像是遥感数据获取系统的输出,遥感图像的品质表现为遥感图像在完成遥感任务中的应用价值。文章对遥感图像品质的概念和表征予以介绍,对遥感图像品质的影响因素和提高遥感图像品质的有关问题,包括遥感数据获取系统的性能、成像条件和运行状态等加以说明,对如何提高遥感图像品质提出了若干建议。