1Cr18Ni9Ti 对接管接头表面缺陷分析

对接管接头采用1Cr18Ni9Ti 棒材生产,经过机械加工后与相同牌号管材焊接,焊接后酸洗发现

零件表面存在缺陷。通过对失效件缺陷形貌观察、化学成分分析、金相分析及显微硬度测试,并结合酸洗试验。

结果表明:对接管接头材料内部存在沿变形流线的贫铬区,导致该区域的耐蚀性差,在机加工的过程中贫铬区

暴露在表面或近表面,在酸洗过程中该区域被优先腐蚀,形成了蚀孔类宏观缺陷,此贫铬现象为原材料缺陷。

     

K_(Imax)<K_(Iscc)时30CrMnSiNi2A钢的腐蚀疲劳与失效机理

 应用电化学-断裂力学方法研究了30CrMnSiNi2A钢在室温模拟潮湿大气（H₂O）及海洋大气（3.5％NaCl）环境中低K范围内不同电位下的疲劳裂纹扩展特性。通过动力学及断口分析,提出在K_ImaxIscc范围内高强度钢可发生循环应力腐蚀开裂,其湿腐蚀疲劳失效机理应是裂尖局部阳极溶解与氢脆共同作用,且两者对△K_th及da/dN的意义不同,从而对以往高强度钢湿腐蚀疲劳的纯氢脆模型作出修正。     

轴、杆镀铬表面微裂纹失效分析

轴、杆类构件在镀铬过程中或在存放、使用一段时间后,镀铬表面产生大量的微裂纹。通过外观和断口宏微观、金相组织、硬度、残余应力和氢含量测试等手段,检测出轴、杆镀铬表面微裂纹属于磨削裂纹或氢脆延迟开裂。通过加强轴杆表面镀铬工艺控制,可有效预防该类缺陷的产生和扩展。     

A357-T6铸造铝合金疲劳裂纹扩展特性研究

研究了A357-T6铸造铝合金在应力比R=0.05及应力比R=0.7时的疲劳裂纹扩展行为.应力比R=0.7的裂纹扩展速率比应力比R=0.05的裂纹扩展速率快,这是由于应力比R=0.05时断口表面粗糙引起的裂纹闭合效应,降低了裂纹尖端的有效驱动力.断口表面的脱粘共晶Si颗粒和Si颗粒脱落后形成的凹坑表明裂纹沿着树状晶边界扩展.     

高温合金涡轮转子叶片裂纹形成机理

高温合金涡轮转子在经历过多次发动机试车后荧光检查发现叶片根部存在裂纹,对涡轮转子叶片裂纹进行分析。结果表明,涡轮转子叶片裂纹位于叶片根部进出口薄壁区,裂纹的开裂模式为高温疲劳开裂,属于低周疲劳,为寿命型失效。试车过程中转子叶片根部应力集中部位在高温及交变应力的交互作用下,叶尖根部应力集中区域发生蠕变和晶界择优氧化,高温蠕变和沿晶氧化相互促进,导致叶片根部的晶界弱化开裂,形成了疲劳源区,进而在后续工作过程中发生高温疲劳扩展。     

航空发动机供油管裂纹失效分析

针对某航空发动机供油管钎焊焊缝边缘出现裂纹而导致的供油管渗油故障,对其断口及源区附近表面进行宏、微观检查,明确了供油管裂纹性质为高周疲劳裂纹,疲劳源区呈沿晶开裂特征。利用能谱分析手段发现裂纹源区存在外来Cu元素,通过对焊缝及开裂部位进行金相分析,发现钎焊料中的Cu元素沿基体晶界发生扩散,导致晶界粗化,在拉应力作用下,Cu与基体形成的脆性相开裂形成沿晶裂纹。晶界粗化和沿晶裂纹是供油管过早发生疲劳开裂的主要原因。建议将Cu基钎料更换为Ag焊料。     

应力比和腐蚀环境对超高强度钢AerMet100疲劳裂纹扩展的影响

采用载荷控制与应力强度因子控制两种方法研究超高强度钢AerMet100在不同裂纹扩展速率区域受到应力比和腐蚀环境影响的疲劳裂纹扩展行为。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对断口进行观察。结果表明:疲劳裂纹扩展速率da/dN≤1×10-5mm/cycle时,当应力比R≤0.5,疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值ΔK th随着应力比R增加而减小,当应力比R≥0.5,疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值变化趋于平缓;在da/dN≥1×10-5mm/cycle时,疲劳裂纹扩展速率出现不受应力比影响的收敛现象。在da/dN≥1×10-5mm/cycle时,腐蚀环境会加速疲劳裂纹扩展;在裂纹扩展速率da/dN≤1×10-5mm/cycle时,由于氧化致裂纹尖端闭合效应,腐蚀环境导致裂纹扩展变慢,并使裂纹扩展门槛值增大。     

DD6镍基单晶涡轮转子叶片失效分析

为了排除某航空发动机DD6镍基单晶高温合金涡轮转子叶片在室温振动试验中发生的裂纹故障,对故障叶片进行了外观检查、断口分析、表面检查、解剖检查、化学成分分析、金相检查、应力分布计算及热模拟试验,确定了故障叶片裂纹的性质和产生原因.结果表明:涡轮转子叶片裂纹为高周疲劳裂纹,叶片局部区域存在异常的γ'筏排组织是导致该叶片产生早期疲劳开裂的主要原因,且附近区域腐蚀过重及结构上处于应力集中区,也促进了疲劳裂纹的萌生及扩展.针对这些故障,建议优化叶片结构并对腐蚀检查进行严格监控,防止出现γ’筏排组织及腐蚀过重现象,从而避免此类故障再次发生.     

应力比对Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V合金疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响

采用三点弯曲试样,对钛合金Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V在R=0.1,0.3和0.5三个应力比条件下的疲劳裂纹扩展行为进行研究,得到相应实验条件下的疲劳裂纹扩展速率,并结合断口分析探讨应力比R对该合金疲劳裂纹扩展行为和断裂机理的影响。结果表明:随着应力比R增大,Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V合金在同一ΔK时的疲劳裂纹扩展速率增大,裂纹扩展对应的应力强度因子ΔK范围和扩展门槛值ΔK_(th)减小;三个应力比R作用下试样的疲劳断口表面均可见一些疲劳台阶和二次裂纹;随着应力比R的增加,试样断口表面粗糙度增加,二次裂纹减小;在R=0.1,0.3和0.5三个应力比条件下的疲劳断裂均表现为穿晶断裂。     

某型飞机前轮叉裂纹失效分析与解决措施

外场服役的两架某型飞机的前轮叉与活塞杆在连接孔上表面相同位置处出现了裂纹。断口分析表明,前轮叉裂纹为应力腐蚀裂纹,裂纹从内表面侧起源,并在应力作用下不断向外表面侧扩展．最终贯穿前轮叉与活塞杆连接处。同时,通过建立有限元模型对裂纹处应力分析,发现前轮又与活塞杆及螺栓之间的干涉量与干涉应力基本上呈线性关系,而且装配时摩擦系数对应力的影响可以忽略不计。由此得小轮叉出现裂纹的主要原因是轮叉与活塞杆及螺栓间的干涉配合在裂纹位置处造成的较大装配应力和腐蚀介质的作用引起的。因此．在装配过程中严格控制其干涉量,并提高轮叉表面的防护质量,是避免轮叉出现应力腐蚀裂纹的有效措施．     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.