引导场对无碰撞电流片低频电磁不稳定性的影响

通过数值求解无碰撞电流片中可压缩磁流体力学模型下得到的一般形式的色散关系,讨论了无碰撞电流片中引导场对低频电磁波不稳定性的影响.结果表明,平衡态磁场中的引导场,对于三维扰动传播的波不稳定性有很强的影响.(1)在电流片中间平面上(z=0),无引导场时,没有不稳定性发生,但若存在引导场,不稳定性便发生,并随着引导场的增强,不稳定性明显增强,不稳定的波模可能是低混杂模.(2)在中间平面附近(z=0.2),电流片是不稳定的.随着引导场的增强,不稳定性增长率明显地增强,不稳定的波模从平行和反平行两个方向传播变为反平行方向一个方向传播,并且是斜传播的,具有低频哨声模或低混杂模的特征.(3)在电流片边缘附近(z=0.8),引导场对不稳定的波模和增长率没有明显影响,不稳定的波模都是准平行的哨声波.      

各向异性等离子体多重电流片的演化

应用二维三维量磁流体动力学方程组模拟，数值研究了压力各向异性等离子体周期多重电流片的演化，发现在β＜＜1时，微弱的各向异性仅仅使电流片中磁场重联的速度加快，而当β≈1（即热压与磁压相当时，微弱的垂直各向异性不仅大大加速了磁场重联的速度，还使重联位置发生显著变化。初始反对称的磁场重联位形逐步转化为对称的磁场位形，进而再演化为与初始反相的反对称磁场位形，场向各向异性和强的垂直各向异性都导致不稳定性增长率成倍增加。但在场各向异下磁场位形基本不变，只在电流片中心出现不规则扰动，同样参数下向向异性等离子体多重电流片中磁场重联形成的磁岛比各向同性多层电流要小。     

复合材料层合梁分层问题解析解法

根据叠加原理将含有分层的复合材料层合梁在横向载荷作用下的受力状态分解为对称与反对称受力状态,再将反对称受力状态分解为无分层梁受反对称横向载荷状态与含分层梁在分层表面承受附加剪切载荷状态.将分层问题归结为在附加剪切载荷状态中,层合梁附加位移与附加应力的分析,并据此建立了一个简单的力学模型.最后,根据工程梁理论得到了由分层引起的附加位移与应力的解析解答,并用能量释放率方法确定了应力强度因子.     

一类含间隙铰的刚柔耦合系统动力学研究

研究一类含间隙铰的结构对称的刚柔耦合系统的动力学建模及仿真问题。在该系统中, 柔性附件被简化为一段带有端部集中质量的无质量轻梁。首先,提出了轻梁双刚度的新概念; 基于运动关系的分析, 运用达朗贝尔原理导出了该耦合系统的五自由度动力学方程; 然后细致讨论了系统作反对称初值响应运动的情况,指出该响应中存在一种低频反对称振荡运动和两种高频反对称模态运动。由于两种高频运动的存在, 在数值仿真时, 需要选用足够小的步长, 才能获得可信的数值结果。仿真表明, 系统的低频反对称振荡频率将随间隙角的出现及增加而降低     

太阳风速度及日球电流片对CME渡越时间的影响

基于1996-2005年88个引起重大地磁暴的CME(日冕物质抛射)事件、1996-2000年的47个CME事件以及1997-2002年的29个全晕状CME事件,结合ACE卫星在1AU处的太阳风和行星际磁场观测资料以及Wilcox Solar Observatory(WSO)天文台的太阳光球层磁图,分析了背景太阳风速度和日球电流片对CME到达1AU处渡越时间预报误差的影响.结果表明,背景太阳风速度与CME渡越时间误差并没有明显的相关性,在考虑了磁云通量管轴相对黄道面夹角的影响后相关性依然不明显.然而日球电流片对CME渡越时间却有明显的影响,对于初速度较小的异侧CME事件,其渡越时间大于同侧事件;而对于具有较大初速度的CME事件,异侧事件的渡越时间明显小于同侧事件.研究结果表明,CME与太阳风以及日球电流片的相互作用并不是简单的对流相互作用,造成高速CME异侧事件快于同侧事件到达地球的因素非常复杂,有待深入研究.      

电离层等效电流体系对行星际激波的响应研究

行星际激波是导致地球磁层-电离层系统发生扰动的重要原因之一,其可以通过对磁层-电离层系统电流体系的改变来影响地磁变化.本文采用全球三维磁流体力学数值模拟方法,分析了行星际激波作用下电离层等效电流体系的即时响应.模拟结果表明,在激波作用下伴随着异常场向电流对的产生,电离层在午前午后出现一对反向的等效电流涡.这对涡旋一边向极侧和夜侧运动,一边经历强度增强和减弱直至消失的过程.激波过后等效电流体系图像逐渐演化为激波下游行星际条件控制的典型图像.这个响应过程与行星际激波强度有关,激波强度越强,则反向的等效电流涡旋强度越大,寿命也就越短.      

行星际磁云与日球电流片相互作用的实例分析

基于1995-2007年Wind飞船观测到的105个磁云事件, 按照磁云在地球附近是否与日球电流片发生碰撞, 将其分为碰撞和未碰撞两类, 得到初步分析结果. ①可能与日球电流片发生碰撞的磁云事件有51例, 约占事件总数的49%; ②发生碰撞时, 磁云与日球电流片之间的相互作用区内呈现动力学相互作用增强的趋势, 例如多呈现局部的磁场方向间断结构(或称局域电流片结构), 伴随磁场强度下降、质子温度升高、部分质子速度分量出现跃变, Langmuir波或100~250,kHz的离子声波出现增强,这些现象可能与碰撞相互作用区域内发生的磁重联有关; 没有碰撞时这些特征一般不明显; ③至少有15个事例中, 磁云前后背景磁场的极性相反, 或磁场极性反转的位置位于磁云内部, 显示磁云可能正在跨越电流片运动; ④在几个磁云事件中发现磁云的亮环和亮核纤维结构. 这些极为初步的分析结果有利于了解磁云与日球电流片之间的相互作用过程.      

2001年9月15日Cluster卫星对电流片的观测研究

2001年9月15日0430-0515 UT期间,Cluster卫星多次穿越磁尾电流片.由FGM、CIS等仪器获得了电流片磁场,粒子速度等数据变化情况,并得到了磁尾高速流的两次明显反转.本文采用GSM坐标系.利用求磁场空间梯度张量的方法获得了越尾电流,其电流密度的峰值为28nA/m2.并对电流片在垂直方向上的摆动和在晨昏方向的波动现象进行了分析.数据显示此时电流片为薄电流片并有一个变薄的趋势,其厚度大约为0.2-0.3 Re.磁场重联时地向流与尾向流均超过了1000 km/s,并测得了电流片的法线方向和运动速度,从而得到了磁尾电流片的结构和运动情况.      

二维太阳风速度结构与日球电流片

本文分析了第1733—1742Carrington周的太阳耀斑、行星际闪烁(IPS)、太阳风及K-日冕资料,对二维太阳风速度结构进行了综合研究。结果表明:速度的大尺度分布、高速区、速度梯度、经度不均匀性和边界形状等方面相对于太阳赤道面都是不对称的;通过对理想的和实际的电流片以及飞船测量的磁场和速度比较,可以看到电流片附近大体上为低速区,但不存在简单的对应关系;扰动太阳风对背景太阳风的二维速度结构有显著的影响;理想电流片与实际电流片之间也存在较大的差距。      

磁轴承PWM开关功放电流实时降噪

针对传统低通滤波器在脉冲宽度调制(PWM, Pulse Width Modulation)开关功放电流降噪过程中存在去噪效果与系统带宽难以兼顾的问题,提出了一种基于提升小波变换的功放电流实时降噪法.首先基于dB4提升小波算法,采用滑动数据窗、对称边界拓展和阈值法强制降噪等相结合的方案实现对功放电流的实时降噪.然后根据不同小波分解层数对系统截止频率的影响,确定合适的小波分解层数.实验证明,提升小波实时降噪算法既可以有效地滤除功放电流噪声,又对系统带宽和相角滞后影响较小,非常适用于对实时性和信噪比都有较高要求的磁悬浮高速转子系统.      

Tearing,coalescence and fragmentation processes in solar flare current sheet and drifting pulsating structures

The paper presents a summary of results from two different simulations which study the tearing, coalescence and fragmentation of current sheets, the associated production of energetic electrons and of plasma waves from these electrons which could explain drifting pulsation structures observed at radio wavelengths. Using a 2.5-D particle-in-cell (PIC) model of the current sheet it is shown that due to the tearing mode instability the current sheet tears into plasmoids and these plasmoids later on coalesce into larger ones. During these processes electrons are accelerated and they produce observable electromagnetic waves. Furthermore, the 3-D PIC model with two current sheets extended in the electric current direction shows their fast fragmentation associated with the exponential dissipation of the free magnetic field energy. An example of the drifting pulsating structure which is considered to be a radio signature of the above mentioned processes in solar flares is shown.     

星载L波段宽带低噪声放大器芯片设计

基于0.25μm 砷化镓赝品高电子迁移率晶体管（GaAs pHEMT）工艺，设计了一款应用于星载微波接收机的L波段单片微波集成电路（MMIC）低噪声放大器（LNA）。该低噪声放大器采用电流复用拓扑结构，降低了芯片的工作电流，节省了宝贵的卫星能量资源；通过两级负反馈方式优化了器件的稳定性和增益平坦度，提高了卫星通信质量；恒流源的偏置结构使得工作电流随工艺波动较小，芯片维持在稳定的工作状态下。测试结果表明：该放大器工作电流为35mA，在频率范围0.9~1.8GHz内，增益大于33dB，噪声系数小于0.6dB，增益平坦度小于0.5dB；芯片尺寸为2.0mm×1.3mm，满足航天产品的高性能小型化应用需求。     

Integrated orbit and attitude hardware-in-the-loop simulations for autonomous satellite formation flying

Development and experiment of an integrated orbit and attitude hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulator for autonomous satellite formation flying are presented. The integrated simulator system consists of an orbit HIL simulator for orbit determination and control, and an attitude HIL simulator for attitude determination and control. The integrated simulator involves four processes (orbit determination, orbit control, attitude determination, and attitude control), which interact with each other in the same way as actual flight processes do. Orbit determination is conducted by a relative navigation algorithm using double-difference GPS measurements based on the extended Kalman filter (EKF). Orbit control is performed by a state-dependent Riccati equation (SDRE) technique that is utilized as a nonlinear controller for the formation control problem. Attitude is determined from an attitude heading reference system (AHRS) sensor, and a proportional-derivative (PD) feedback controller is used to control the attitude HIL simulator using three momentum wheel assemblies. Integrated orbit and attitude simulations are performed for a formation reconfiguration scenario. By performing the four processes adequately, the desired formation reconfiguration from a baseline of 500–1000 m was achieved with meter-level position error and millimeter-level relative position navigation. This HIL simulation demonstrates the performance of the integrated HIL simulator and the feasibility of the applied algorithms in a real-time environment. Furthermore, the integrated HIL simulator system developed in the current study can be used as a ground-based testing environment to reproduce possible actual satellite formation operations.     

Equatorial ionosphere–thermosphere system: Electrodynamics and irregularities

The equatorial ionosphere and thermosphere constitute a coupled system, with its electro dynamical and plasma physical processes being responsible for a variety of ionospheric phenomena peculiar to the equatorial region. The most important of these phenomena are: the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) current system and its instabilities, the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA), and the plasma instabilities/irregularities of the night ionosphere (associated with the plasma bubble events – ESF). They constitute the major topics of investigations having both scientific and practical objectives. The tidal wind interaction with the geomagnetic field is responsible for the atmospheric dynamo electric fields, that together with the wind system, drives the major phenomena, under quiet conditions. Drastic modifications of these phenomena can occur due to magnetospheric forcing under solar-, interplanetary- and magnetospheric disturbances. They can also undergo significant modifications due to forcing by atmospheric waves (such as planetary- and atmospheric gravity waves) propagating upward or from extra tropics. This article will focus on the ambient conditions of the ionosphere–thermosphere system and the electro dynamics and plasma instability processes that govern the plasma irregularity generation. Major emphasis is given to problems related to the structuring of the equatorial night ionosphere through plasma bubble/ESF irregularity processes. Specific topics to be covered will include: equatorial electric fields, thermospheric winds, sunset electrodynamic processes, plasma drifts, EEJ plasma instability/irregularity generation, nighttime/post sunset plasma bubble irregularity generation, and very briefly, disturbance electric fields and winds and their effect on the ionization anomaly, the TEC and ESF/plasma bubble irregularities.     

Oscillations of axial plant organs.

The tips of roots and shoots commonly show lateral movements as they grow forwards. These occur as both circumnutations (with long periods and large amplitudes) and micronutations (with short periods and small amplitudes). Their properties are reviewed, with emphasis on roots, and possible ways in which they could be regulated are discussed. The mechanisms could include long-range controls (for circumnutations) that depend on transmissible signals using steps common to gravitropism, and short-range controls (for micronutations) that operate within the elongation zone. The former are a property of the apex as a whole, while the latter may be confined to localized groups of cells. Simulation of nutations is presented with a view to isolating key physiological processes. However, this approach is limited by the current inadequate understanding of the growth mechanisms involved.     

全球海表流场多尺度结构观测卫星计划

全球海表流场多尺度结构观测卫星计划（Ocean Surface Current multiscale Observation Mission, OSCOM）首次提出海表流场、海面风场和海浪谱（简称 “流–风–浪”）一体化探测的多普勒散射计（Doppler Scatterometer, DOPS）测量原理和系统体制。OSCOM采用Ka-Ku双频多波束圆锥扫描体制的真实孔径雷达,将实现超过1000 km观测刈幅、公里级分辨率的“流–风–浪”一体化卫星直接观测。OSCOM将突破海洋亚中尺度非平衡态动力学、海洋多尺度相互作用、海气耦合的研究瓶颈,支撑实现海洋系统科学、气候变化等理论研究的重大突破。未来,应用OSCOM海表流速观测的模式改进,将奠定海洋非平衡态过程数值模拟、同化和预报的动力学基础,实现海洋和海气耦合模式的重大改进。通过与多源数据融合,OSCOM海流观测的应用将为海洋生物地球化学循环、碳收支研究和国家重大任务提供支撑。OSCOM科学卫星的实施对于我国地球系统科学和卫星对地观测重大应用的突破有至关重要的意义,有望带动我国应用卫星的发展从追赶、并行走向领跑。      

Bow shock: Power aspects

It is clear that the primary energy source for magnetospheric processes is the solar wind, but the process of energy transfer from the solar wind into the magnetosphere, or rather, to convecting magnetospheric plasma, appears to be rather complicated. Bow shock is a powerful transformer of the solar wind kinetic energy into the gas dynamic and electromagnetic energy. A jump of the magnetic field tangential component at front crossing means that the front carries an electric current. The solar wind kinetic energy partly transforms to gas kinetic and electromagnetic energy during its passage through the bow shock front. The transition layer (magnetosheath) can use part of this energy for accelerating of plasma, but can conversely spend part its kinetic energy on the electric power generation, which afterwards may be used by the magnetosphere. Thereby, transition layer can be both consumer (sink) and generator (source) of electric power depending upon special conditions. The direction of the current behind the bow shock front depends on the sign of the IMF Bz-component. It is this electric current which sets convection of plasma in motion.     

Simulation of the MELiSSA closed loop system as a tool to define its integration strategy

Inspired by a terrestrial ecosystem, Micro-Ecological Life Support System Alternative (MELiSSA) is a project focused on a closed-loop life support system intended for future long-term manned missions (Moon and Mars bases). Started by the ESA in 1989, this 5-compartment concept has evolved through a mechanistic engineering approach designed to acquire both theoretical and technical knowledge. In its current state of development, the project can now start to demonstrate the MELiSSA loop concept at pilot scale. Thus, an integration strategy for a MELiSSA Pilot Plant (MPP) has been defined, describing the different test phases and connections between compartments. The integration steps are due to be started in 2008 and completed with a complete operational loop in 2015. The ultimate objective is to achieve a closed liquid and gas loop fulfiling 100% of oxygen requirements and at least 20% of food requirements for one-man. Although the integration logic could start with the most advanced processes in terms of knowledge and hardware development, this logic needs to be expanded to encompass a high-level simulation policy. This simulation exercise will make it possible to run effective demonstrations of each independent process, followed by progressive coupling with other processes in operational conditions mirroring as far as possible the final configuration.