1983年2月3日双带耀斑爆发事件的综合分析

本文在统一模型的考虑下,对1983年2月3日太阳3B级Hα双带耀斑和共生的爆发事件进行了综合分析研究.探讨了其中主要的共生辐射的物理过程和内在联系,并讨论了Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型和微波射电爆发源的非热电子束流对产生Hα双带耀斑和硬X射线爆发所起的重要作用.     

CME影响下L1点附近等离子体及共生微波爆发的射电辐射机制研究

CME在产生和发展过程中与日冕和行星际介质相互作用并发出不同波长的射电辐射．在研究了无CME时空间等离子体的各种辐射机制基础上,统计分析了1999年2月至1999年8月期间有较大的CME发生情况下,在CME影响下L1拉格朗日点附近等离子体参数发生变化后的射电辐射机制．分析结果表明,其射电辐射机制主要是轫致辐射、微量的回旋辐射和更加微弱的复合辐射．此外,分析讨论了1999年2月至1999年8月期间与CME共生的太阳微波爆发．分析结果表明,与CME共生的是微波逐渐型爆发、尖峰爆发,其辐射机制主要是轫致辐射、回旋共振辐射、等离子体辐射及电子回旋脉泽辐射．     

太阳射电微波爆发的频谱分析

1981年4月1日太阳发生一个4N级Hα耀斑并伴随出现强烈的IV型射电爆发.本文对北京天文台,西澳大利亚站等射电资料进行分析.分析表明:(1)该事件的微波源状态相对稳定,米波源位置存在移动,因此产生微波辐射与米波辐射是两组不同的电子群体,在爆发频谱指数的时变曲线上表现出明显的形态差异.还由于两者辐射源的位置不同,微波与米波的爆发在峰值时刻上也不完全符合.(2)4月1日微波大爆发是由三个主爆发组成的,它们的峰值时刻分别为0135.1,0146.1,0153.6UT.由射电高频端谱指数算出的非热电子能谱指数表明,在射电爆发的三个峰值时刻电子能谱都变硬.本文还得出该活动区的非热电子平均速度(以光速c为单位)β为0.9左右,磁场强度B为430G.并由回旋同步辐射阻尼算得,非热电子的寿命为829秒,这个数值与三个主峰的持续时间相吻合.     

1991年太阳L260°活动概况及其射电的特征

本文介绍了太阳L260°活动概况,并计算了黑子群的位置漂移及对应的射电缓变源.北京天文台2.84GHz射电望远镜在该活动区观测到8次特大的射电爆发(流量超过1000s.f.u.),其中4次(1991年5月16日,6月9日,6月11日,8月25日)射电爆发时变曲线十分相似而且这些微波爆发都与Ⅱ型Ⅲ型Ⅳ型米波爆发有良好的对应.可能说明该活动区所对应的日冕在长时间内存在一种磁场位形结构,这种磁场位形结构容易产生日冕物质抛射.      

射电爆发显著事件与Ⅱ型爆发

本文分析了北京天文台2840MHz射电望远镜,1989年1月-1993年12月期间观测到的太阳射电爆发的显着事件与米波Ⅱ型、Ⅳ型爆发的对应关系,从相关结果来看,爆发的峰值流量越高△T越短,这说明当太阳流量越大,高达500s.f.u.以上时,Ⅱ型爆发会在爆发的峰值前后很短时间内发生,可能与粒子的加速有关。      

米波Ⅲ型爆发与日冕物质抛射

对澳大利亚Culgoora天文台射电频谱仪在太阳活动第23周峰年期间记录到的米波Ⅲ型爆发(20～420 MHz),与日冕物质抛射(CME)、Hα耀斑及相关事件进行了统计分析,发现米波Ⅲ型爆发与CME的关系没有Ⅱ、Ⅳ型爆发与CME的关系密切;米波Ⅲ型爆发发生的时间在CME之前25～30 min最多;72%的CME事件伴随长寿命的Hα耀斑.从这些观测特征出发,对米波Ⅲ型爆发、CME和Hα耀斑进行了定性的解释.      

行星低频射电爆发的空间探测进展

在低频电磁波频带,部分行星类天体不仅存在热辐射,还存在非热的爆发辐射.其中代表性的非热辐射是行星极光射电辐射爆发,包括千米波爆发、木星百米波爆发及10米波爆发.人类对太阳系的这些射电爆发已经开展了数十年的地面和空间探测,这些探测方法可以作为遥感手段拓展用于对木星磁场及其内部构造的探测.然而,关于行星射电爆发及其变化特性...     

太阳微波爆发动态频谱仪

介绍了北京天文台已投入观测的1.0—20GHz,2.6—3.8GHz太阳射电频谱仪及1999年投入观测的5.2—76GHz太阳射电频谱仪。它们是第23周太阳活动峰年我国太阳物理界的重要观测设备已投入观测的频谱仪获得不同类型的太阳射电爆发资料分别为171个和146个,这些事件在时间和频率上有丰富的幅度和结构的变化。不同太阳射电爆发反映太阳大气不同高度上耀斑的时间和空间的演化过程,为研究不同大气高度中耀斑物理动力学过程、能量释放、粒子加速提供了更多的依据。      

太阳质子事件警报

采用人工神经网络预报方法,利用太阳耀斑的日面位置、X射线辐射的峰值流量及其上升时间、2695MHz和8800MHz微波辐射的半积分流量等5个物理参量,提出了一个新的太阳质子事件警报方案,预报太阳质子事件的发生及其流量和时间．该方案在本文检验中达到93．75％的预报准确率．     

太阳射电爆发干扰导航通信机理及影响表征分析

太阳射电爆发是一种潜在的导航系统干扰因素。通过导航信号模型推导,分析了其干扰导航信号的机理,提出太阳射电爆发干扰导航通信的影响方程与太阳射电爆发流量、接收机性能以及太阳–天线高度角有关,其中太阳射电流量总功率与信号的信噪比下降呈正相关;同时受到太阳–天线高度角和有效面积的制约,又与接收机环路滤波器响应函数呈卷积关系。通过对2003年10月28日、2006年12月6日和2015年11月4日事件中GPS失锁情况分析,发现同一次事件中同一站点不同接收机的失锁率不同;同一次事件中不同纬度的接收机失锁率不同,以及在同一次事件中L波段（1～2 GHz）太阳射电爆发频谱不均匀的条件下,L1和L2频段信号的信噪比下降情况也不同。从上述三个事件的观测表征验证了上述影响方程的分析正确性。     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

清镇陨石（EH3）中陨硫钙石的REE微量元素及成因意义

本文运用INAA分析了14个清镇陨石中陨硫钙石单矿物颗粒的难熔元素(La、Ce、Sm、Eu、Yb、Lu、Ca、Sc、Hf和Th),挥发性元素(Na、Cr、Zn、Se、Br等)和亲铁元素(Fe、Ni、Co、Ir、Au、As)含量。结果表明陨硫钙石高度富集难熔亲石元素,是顽火辉石陨石中REE的主要载体,携带了约80％的全岩REE总量。相对于HREE,LREE有更大的富集程度,而且早期凝聚的颗粒较晚期凝聚的颗粒更富集REE,同时陨硫钙石富集挥发性元素Se、Br等。清镇陨硫钙石的微量元素特征揭示了它来自于太阳星云的高温凝聚特征和成因。     

柔性航天器IPACS建模与动力学分析

利用拟坐标下的拉格朗日方程和动量矩定理,建立了带变速控制力矩陀螺群(VSCMGs,Variable Speed Control Moment Gyroscopes)的柔性航天器的能量/姿态一体化控制系统(IPACS, Integrated Power/Attitude Control System)的动力学模型,该模型适合于姿态控制律设计及VSCMGs操纵律设计.采用动量管理和VSCMGs构型选取相结合的方法,有效地避免了VSCMGs设计时可能出现的奇异问题.分析了采用VSCMGs的柔性航天器IPACS中的动力学耦合问题,并以某大型航天器为例进行了数值仿真.分析和仿真结果显示出,当VSCMGs的力矩轴接近(或陷入)奇异或进行储/放能切换时,VSCMGs都会对柔性附件造成显著影响.      

Progress in tropospheric ammonia retrieval from the MIPAS satellite instrument

The Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding is a polar orbiting high resolution mid-infrared emission limb sounder with a nominal vertical resolution of 3 km. Work to extend the list of routinely retrieved species led to the examination of ammonia, NH₃. In this paper, we explore the feasibility of upper tropospheric retrievals around 6-km altitude, discussing appropriate methods. We demonstrate a weak north to south gradient outside the error bars, using co-addition to improve signal-to-noise and compare these first results with a model.     

Monitoring spatio-temporal variations in aerosols and aerosol–cloud interactions over Pakistan using MODIS data

Clouds are important elements in climatic processes and interactions between aerosols and clouds are therefore a hot topic for scientific research. Aerosols show both spatial and temporal variations, which can lead to variations in the microphysics of clouds. In this research, we have examined the spatial and temporal variations in aerosol particles over Pakistan and the impact of these variations on various optical properties of clouds, using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data from the Terra satellite. We used the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model for trajectory analysis to reveal the origins of air masses, with the aim of understanding these spatial and temporal variabilities in aerosol concentrations. We also documented seasonal variations in patterns of aerosol optical depth (AOD) over Pakistan, for which the highest values occur during the monsoon season (June–August). We then analyzed the relationships between AOD and four other cloud parameters, namely water vapour (WV), cloud fraction (CF), cloud top temperature (CTT) and cloud top pressure (CTP). Regional correlation maps and time series plots for aerosol (AOD) and cloud parameters were produced to provide a better understanding of aerosol–cloud interaction. The analyses showed strong positive correlations between AOD and WV for all of the eight cities investigated. The correlation between AOD and CF was positive for those cities where the air masses were predominantly humid, but negative for those cities where the air masses were relatively dry and carried a low aerosol abundance. These correlations were clearly dependent on the meteorological conditions for all of the eight cities investigated. Because of the observed AOD–CF relationship, the co-variation of AOD with CTP and CTT may be attributable to large-scale meteorological variations: AOD showed a positive correlation with CTP and CTT in northern regions of Pakistan and a negative correlation in southern regions.     

Technology development for a long duration,mid-cloud level Venus balloon

This paper describes the results of ongoing technology development activities for a Venus spherical superpressure balloon capable of flying for long durations (30 days) in the middle cloud layer at an altitude of 55.5 km. Data is presented from a successful aerial deployment and inflation flight experiment on a 5.5 m diameter prototype balloon conducted at a 2.5 km altitude above the Earth. Although the balloon in that test was not released for free flight, all other steps in the deployment and inflation process were successfully executed. Experimental and computational results are also presented from an investigation of the stress concentration phenomenon at the junction of the metal end fitting and fabric end cap of the prototype Venus balloon. Good agreement was found between the simulation and experimental results and a stress concentration factor of 1.55 determined for this end cap design compared to the expectations of thin membrane theory. Finally, results are presented for a new, second-generation Venus balloon material utilizing Aclar™ film instead of Teflon. Optical property and sulfuric acid tolerance data are presented for this material based on laboratory testing of samples.