Light Rails at Kennedy Airport

The Port Authority in New Jersey, New York opened a new light rail on December 18, 2003 to link Kennedy Airport to New York city. The rail with an investment of US$1.5 billion runs along the airport's terminals, taxi stop, shuttle station and parking area to connect with the city's downtown rail network, subways, railways and coach stations.The light rail is convenient, safe, reliable and fast to free passengers of the worries about traffic jam and the pressure     

DOMESTIC BRIEFS

▲May 1-7, Chinese airlines hadoperated 22% more flights than the last yearperiod, carried 2.057 million passengers, withan average seat rate of 64%.▲By May 4, Sanya FenghuangInternational Airport had handled passengersover 1 million safely, with the whole yearpassenger transportation expected to break 2million.▲May 3 Shenyang AircraftCorporation delivered over 3000 A320emergency cabin doors.▲May 10 ICAO started a half-monthaudit in terms of flight safety on China civilaviation.▲May …     

DOMESTIC BRIEF(May 1-31)

May 1 "The No-hairier FacilityEquipment Standard in the Terminal Areaof Civil Airport" was carried out officially.May 1 Air China launched the firstnon-stop charter to Japan.May 1 The Grand Caravan 208 ofCessna ordered by Shandong Airlines, thefirst hovercraft in Chinese airlines fleet,made the first above-water trainingperformance.May 1-7 A total of 4 552 movements and 185 000 passengers, domesticand overseas, have been handled by BeijingCapital International Airport.May 8 China Ca…     

DOMESTIC BRIEFS

Dec.1 The new terminal of Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport was turned over from the building unit to the related application unit of the airport for management.Dec.1 CAAC Administration North China issued dangerous articles aviation transport license to Lufthansa Airlines and France Airlines.Dec.2 An aircraft of Cathy Pacific Airlines with 348 passengers from Bangkok to Bombay had an explosion in the left wing engine a few minutes after taking off and then     

Thermal comfort assessment in civil aircraft cabins

Aircraft passengers are more and demanding in terms of thermal comfort. But it is not yet easy for aircraft crew to control the environment control system(ECS) that satisfies the thermal comfort for most passengers due to a number of causes. This paper adopts a corrected predicted mean vote(PMV) model and an adaptive model to assess the thermal comfort conditions for 31 investigated flights and draws the conclusion that there does exist an uncomfortable thermal phenomenon in civil aircraft cabins, especially in some short-haul continental flights. It is necessary to develop an easy way to predict the thermal sensation of passengers and to direct the crew to control ECS. Due to the assessment consistency of the corrected PMV model and the adaptive model, the adaptive model of thermal neutrality temperature can be used as a method to predict the cabin optimal operative temperature. Because only the mean outdoor effective temperature ET* of a departure city is an input variable for the adaptive model, this method can be easily understood and implemented by the crew and can satisfy 80–90% of the thermal acceptability levels of passengers.     

Switzerland——Roof of Europe

witzerland, located in the middle of Europe, is closeto Austria and Liechtenstein in the east, adjacentto Italy in the south, links France in the west andjoins Germany in the north.As a mountainous country, Switzerland, called ``Roofof Europe,' is divided into three main regions: the Alps, Juraand the Plateau. It has a population of 7.24 million, 74 percent of which is Germanic. Most Swiss people can speakthree languages, so they are called ``multilingual birds.'Matterhorn PeakMatterho…     

OVERSEAS BRIEF(May 1-31)

Early in May Russia announced fourdirect routes to the North Pole from India andSoutheast Asia respectively and expressed itsintention of fully opening its North Pole sky inthe near future.May 7 An-225, the aircraft with thelargest loading capacity in the world, made successful trial flight in the capital of Ukraine.May 8 A B757 aircraft of British Airways made emergency landing at the GenevaAirport following the leakage of oil. All passengers and crew members, totaling 98, weresafe.May…     

DOMESTIC BRIEFS

▲ Oct. 6 China Airlines and Boeing signed a contract on the application of Enterprise One System, which will integrate airplane configuration, maintenance requirements and digital processing of maintenance documents effectively. ▲Oct. 6 Macau International Airport held 2005 security exercise. ▲ Oct. 8 According to CAAC's preliminary statistics, passengers transported during the National Day holiday by Chinese airlines numbered 2.18 million, up 14.8% over the same period of last year. …     

Monthly bries(Domestic)

▲Apr. 1 China Eastern Airlines launchedair service from Shanghai to London.▲Apr. 4Cathay Pacific celebrated the20th anniversary of Hong Kong-Germany airservice operation.▲Apr. 5JAL signed air-cateringagreement with Xi'an Civil Aviation Air CateringCompany.▲Apr. 6Huangshan Airport announcedthat it handled 50000 passengers from Jan. toMar., up 8.84% than the last year period, and thepassenger seat rate was also increased by 24.7%.▲Apr.6The 2nd Sino-US AirTransportation Seminar, …     

OVERSEAS BRIEFS

▲Nov. 1 Qantas has installed telephonecommunication systems on all its B747-400s, bywhich passengers can send messages and e-mailsduring the flight.▲Nov. 3 According to IATA, the worldair passenger transport this September grew by1% over the same period of last year, a sign thatthe world air transport industry has basicallystepped out of the shadow of the Iraq War andSARS.▲Nov. 5 According to a new aviation se-curity law approved by the German Cabinet, theGerman Defense Minister …     

Supersonic flow over a pitching delta wing using surface pressure measurements and numerical simulations

Experimental and numerical methods were applied to investigating high subsonic and supersonic flows over a 60° swept delta wing in fixed state and pitching oscillation.Static pressure coefficient distributions over the wing leeward surface and the hysteresis loops of pressure coefficient versus angle of attack at the sensor locations were obtained by wind tunnel tests.Similar results were obtained by numerical simulations which agreed well with the experiments.Flow structure around the wing was also demonstrated by the numerical simulation.Effects of Mach number and angle of attack on pressure distribution curves in static tests were investigated.Effects of various oscillation parameters including Mach number, mean angle of attack, pitching amplitude and frequency on hysteresis loops were investigated in dynamic tests and the associated physical mechanisms were discussed.Vortex breakdown phenomenon over the wing was identified at high angles of attack using the pressure coefficient curves and hysteresis loops, and its effects on the flow features were discussed.     

OVERSEAS BRIEFS(July1-31)

Early in July Raytheon deliveredthe first Premier I corporate jet.Early in July The 57th AnnualConference of IATA was closed in Madrid,Spain.July 2 EADS and Rosaviakosmosannounced the two sides had signed anEURO1.2 billion agreement.July 4 A Tu-154 plane of a Russianairlines crashed, killing all on board, including 133 passengers and 10 crew members.Early in July The British LiverpoolAirport is going to change its name toLiverpool John Lenon Airport next year inmemory of John Le…     

Splendid Airport Spirit——a story about the airport guarantee for the Shanghai Co-operation Organization Summit

President Hu Jintao, also general secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and chairman of the Central Military Commission, met representatives of personnel working for the Shanghai Co-operation Organization Summit on the afternoon of June 16. On behalf of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, Hu expressed his heartfelt gratitude and sincere greetings to those who have contributed to the summit. He said the summit has closed. In the preparation pr…     

Two freedom linear parameter varying μ synthesis control for flight environment testbed

To solve the problem of robust servo performance of Flight Environment Testbed(FET)of Altitude Ground Test Facilities(AGTF) over the whole operational envelope, a two-degree-offreedom μ synthesis method based on Linear Parameter Varying(LPV) schematic is proposed, and meanwhile a new structure frame of μ synthesis control on two degrees of freedom with double integral and weighting functions is presented, which constitutes a core support part of the paper. Aimed at the problem of reference command's rapid change, one freedom feed forward is adopted, while another freedom output feedback is used to meet good servo tracking as well as disturbance and noise rejection; furthermore, to overcome the overshoot problem and acquire dynamic tuning,the integral is introduced in inner loop, and another integral controller is used in outer loop in order to guarantee steady errors; additionally, two performance weighting functions are designed to achieve robust specialty and control energy limit considering the uncertainties in system. As the schedule parameters change over large flight envelope, the stability of closed-loop LPV system is proved using Lyapunov inequalities. The simulation results show that the relative tracking errors of temperature and pressure are less than 0.5% with LPV μ synthesis controller. Meanwhile, compared with non-LPV μ synthesis controller in large uncertainty range, the proposed approach in this research can ensure robust servo performance of FET over the whole operational envelope.     

OVERSEAS BRIEFS

▲Oct. 1 Singapore Post Co. becamean agent for Air Asia's low-cost air tickets.The hot sale of the tickets attractedMcDonald's attention. The fast food co.,which has 126 restaurants on the island, in-tends to become a ticket agent for Air Asia.▲Oct. 2 As the new security rule forforeign passengers traveling in the US willcost airlines over US$130 m each year, USairlines urged the Bush government to re-consider the new rule that requires foreignpassengers who take American flights to …     

Effect of surface blowing on aerodynamic characteristics of tubercled straight wing

Recent research proves that wings with leading-edge tubercles have the ability to perform efficiently in post-stall region over the conventional straight wing. Moreover, the conventional straight wing outperforms the tubercled wing at a pre-stall region which is quintessential. Even though tubercled wing offers great performance enhancement, because of the complexity of the flow, the trough region of the tubercled wing is more prone to flow separation. Henceforth, the present paper aims at surface blowing – an active flow control technique over the tubercled wing to enhance the aerodynamic efficiency by positively influencing its lift characteristics without causing any additional drag penalty. Flow parameters like blowing velocity ratios and the location of blowing were chosen to find the optimised configuration keeping the amplitude and frequency of the leading-edge tubercles constant as 0.12 c and 0.25 c respectively. Numerical investigations were carried out over the baseline tubercled wing and tubercled wing with surface blowing at various blowing jet velocity ratios 0.5, 1 and 2 over four different chordwise locations ranging from 0.3 c to 0.8 c.The results confirm that blowing at various x/c with different blowing velocity ratios performs better than the conventional tubercled wing. Comparatively, blowing velocity ratio 2 at 0.3 c shows peak performance of about 28% enhancement in the lift characteristics relative to the baseline model. Particularly, in the pre-stall region, 25–50% increase in aerodynamic efficiency is evident over the tubercled wing with surface blowing compared with the baseline case. Additionally,attempts were made to delineate the physical significance of the flow separation mechanism due to blowing by visualizing the streamline pattern.     

A New Page For Shanghai Airports

The Shanghai Airport(Group)Co Ltd,set up onMay28,1998with approval of the ShanghaiMunicipal government,is China's first of the kindgoverned by local governments.In the past eight years,the company has written acolourful page in the history of the development ofShanghai airports.Shanghai airports have made historic achievementsin aviation transport,becoming one of the world's topairports.Their flights have risen from128,000to375,000,passengers from13.71million to41.34million,and cargoand ma…     

“Sapphire Princess” The World''''s Huge Ocean Liner

Shanghai ushered in the largest deluxe oceanliner ``Sapphire Princess' on April 5 since itwas formed, which called at WaigaoqiaoWharf. The cruiser has a 113,000 tons displacementand can carry up to 2,670 passengers.Sapphire Princess, which was put into service in2004, represents an evolution in Princess' Grand-class concept. It may well be one of the largest shipsin Princess' fleet.Since November of last year, it has sailed theSouth Pacific, Australia and Asia. The current trip toShang…     

A Tracking Filter in Spherical Coordinates Enhanced by De-noising of Converted Doppler Measurements

Tracking problem in spherical coordinates with range rate (Doppler) measurements, which would have errors correlated to the range measurement errors, is investigated in this paper. The converted Doppler measurements, constructed by the product of the Doppler measurements and range measurements, are used to replace the original Doppler measurements. A de-noising method based on an unbiased Kalman filter (KF) is proposed to reduce the converted Doppler measurement errors before updating the target states for the constant velocity (CV) model. The states from the de-noising filter are then combined with the Cartesian states from the converted measurement Kalman filter (CMKF) to produce final state estimates. The nonlinearity of the de-noising filter states are handled by expanding them around the Cartesian states from the CMKF in a Taylor series up to the second order term. In the mean time, the correlation between the two filters caused by the common range measurements is handled by a minimum mean squared error (MMSE) estimation-based method. These result in a new tracking filter, CMDN-EKF2. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that the proposed tracking filter can provide efficient and robust performance with a modest computational cost.     

Efforts To Build Shanghai Into An Airport Hub

Shanghai is a city that boasts two civil international airportsin Mainland China.One is Pudong International Airportin the east of the city and the other is HongqiaoInternational Airport in the west.In order to suit the new pattern of``one city,two airports,'the Shanghai Airport(Group)Co Ltd was set up on May28,1998upon the approval of the Shanghai government to manage thetwo international airports.In the past years,the two airports have been adhering to theenterprise spirit of``working…