健美教学中应注重学生创新素质的培育

大学生体育教学需要创新,而培养具有创新意识的大学生更是高校教育的一个重要目标.本文依据对大学生健美操的实践,论述了在健美操教学过程中如何培养学生的创新素质的问题,以求为从事体育教学的教师提供借鉴.     

大学生参加高校体育社团的健康效应分析

高校体育社团是在大学校园中较为活跃的学生体育组织,其项目开展广泛,形式多样,在体育教学之外,更好的丰富了校园的课外体育活动,有利于深入的培养学生的"终身体育意识",是高校校园体育文化的一个重要组成部分。本文着重探讨了北华航天工业学院大学生体育社团的基本现状及相关影响,分析大学生群体参加各种体育社团对自身健康促进的一些因素,使学生树立正确的健康价值观,更好地培养大学生的终身体育意识。     

用健康卡进行大学生体育学习评价的尝试

体育教学课程的改革必将带来学生体育学习评价的改革，传统的学习评价主要是采用竞技体育规则考核一般大学生，以学生技术掌握情况以及运动负荷大小为准则。这样的标准己经偏离了高校体育教育的目的，不能客观的反映学生的综合学习情况。体育与健康没有具体的评价内容和方法，已经不能够评价体育课程改革后的课了，必须要有一套新的评价方法来对大学生体育学习进行评价。文章结合体育健康卡使用情况的尝试，探讨了高校体育教学新的评价方法，提出了大学生体育学习评价的新思路和方法。     

基于科技竞赛的大学生创新实践能力培养模式研究

科技竞赛在培养大学生创新实践能力方面有重要作用,本文基于这一载体,探索综合创新教学、学生链条式培养方案和班主任、导师、辅导员于一体的大学生创新实践能力培养模式,并就该模式的运用提出了相应注意事项和政策需求。     

大学生体育教育中人格培养与思想品德教育的关系

面对新世纪,学校要培养德、智、体全面发展的开拓性高素质人才,以适应我国社会主义市场经济发展的需要。通过对大学生思想道德状况进行抽样调查,结果表明当前大学生的思想道德现状不容乐观。论文通过问卷调查法、文献资料法等就体育教学与高校学生健全人格培养的关系作一些探讨,希望找出培养大学生健全人格的有效途径,不断提高学生的思想道德水平。     

培养大学生终身体育意识与能力的对策

本文通过对终身体育目的意义和大学体育教育的现状的分析与探讨,提出了加强培养大学生终身体育意识与能力的对策,大学体育立足于近期效应和长远效应相结合,培养大学生终身体育意识与能力为学生的终身体育学习奠定基础。     

关于普通高校体育教学的思考

通过对高校体育教学中的教学模式、内容设制、考核形式几方面的分析、探讨，提出了高校体育教学应以未来社会人才的需要为出发点，使体育教学从根本上摆脱传统教学观念的束缚，从单纯培养“知识型”、“技能型”人才向培养“创造性”、“综合性”、“应用性”人才转变。     

如何提高电子信息类大学生的创新素质

面对二十一世纪课程体系的改革，如何培养大学生的创新能力，搞好第二课堂，提高电子信息类大学生的创新素质，是一个有待于探讨的问题。     

电子技术课程实验教学改革刍议

围绕培养大学生的工程实践创新能力，进行电子技术课程实验教学改革。通过参加创新实验活动，有效地提高了大学生的电子设计能力和创新能力。     

物理学与创新思维

创新时代，物理教学也要创新。在高等教育教学中，通过物理教学培养学生科学的创新思维能力尤为重要。     

教师的创造性素质与学生创造能力的培养

培养创造能力是高等教育的重要任务，是时代的要求，要开展创造教育，培养学生的创造力就必须建设一支具有创造性素质的教师队伍。     

人力资源管理中培训方法评述

人力资源培训的方法多种多样,内容十分丰富。选择适合组织内受训人员特点的培训方法,是人力资源培训的重要原则。传统的培训方法包括很多种,这些方法分别侧重于技术技能培训和知识的提高。各种科学技术,尤其是计算机技术被应用到人力资源的培训中,形成了许多新兴的培训方法。这些新兴的方法依靠组织大量的投资得以实现,但同时也起到了传统培训方法所无法起到的作用。无论是传统的培训方法,还是新兴的培训方法,都有各自的优点和不足。因此,对人力资源培训方法的不断创新,将成为组织人力资源培训的未来发展趋势。     

Astronaut training for the European ISS contributions Columbus module and ATV

An essential part of increment preparation for the ISS is the training of the flight crews. Each international partner is responsible for the basic training of its own astronauts, where a basic knowledge is taught on space science and engineering, ISS systems and operations and general astronaut skills like flying, diving, survival, language, etc. The main parts of the ISS crew training are the Advanced Training, e.g., generic ISS operations; nominal and malfunction systems operations and emergencies, and the Increment-Specific Training, i.e., operations and tasks specific to a particular increment. The Advanced and Increment-Specific Training is multilateral training, i.e., each partner is training all ISS astronauts on its contributions to the ISS program. Consequently, ESA is responsible for the Basic Training of its own astronauts and the Advanced and Increment-Specific Training of all ISS crews after Columbus activation on Columbus Systems Operations, Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV), and ESA payloads.

This paper gives an overview of the ESA ISS Training Program for Columbus Systems Operations and ATV, for which EADS Space Transportation GmbH is the prime contractor. The key training tasks, the training flow and the training facilities are presented.     

提高指导教师素质 提升工程训练质量

工程训练在人才培养过程中所起的作用是其他的理论课程无法取代的.指导教师在工程训练中有十分重要的作用.加强这支队伍的建设对提高教学质量,促进课程的深化改革十分必要.本文就如何提高指导教师素质的相关问题提出了自己的看法和意见.     

基于Boosting的模糊分类规则集成学习及应用

由于难于获得先验知识,样本可分性差,辐射源识别很难达到很高的识别率。结合AdaBoost算法和遗传算法,提出了一种模糊分类规则的迭代学习方法。在每轮迭代训练过程中,算法通过调整训练样本的分布,利用遗传算法产生分类规则。减少分类规则能够正确分类样本的权值,使得新产生的分类规则重点考虑难于分类和拒识的样本。在规则学习的适应度函数中考虑训练实例的分布,使模糊分类规则在产生阶段就考虑相互之间的协作,改善了模糊分类规则的整体识别能力。辐射源识别实验结果表明,该方法具有良好的分类识别性能。     

Effect of physical fitness and training on physiological responses to hypogravity.

The studies on the orthostatic tolerance during the hypodynamics exposure seem to be significant in connection with the selection, training and health maintenance of astronauts. Using male human subjects of various physical fitness levels, fluctuations of their physical fitness through 2 weeks of vigorous athletic training were measured in many parameters. For some of the subjects, the effects of 6 hr thermal neutral water immersion exposure in head out supine position on the physical fitness parameters and orthostatic tolerability were compared before training with after training. The results obtained were as follows: (1) Before training, orthostatic tolerability before hypodynamics exposure increased, following the physical fitness levels; the value after the hypodynamics exposure decreased in all the cases, but no differences were observed between the physical fitness levels. (2) As a result of training an increase of the physical fitness capacity was observed. The increase of orthostatic tolerability before hypodynamics exposure was noticed except for athletes. (3) Before hypodynamics exposure the urinary excretion of noradrenaline on non-athlete subjects increased as the physicsl fitness level increased. The values were decreased by physical training, the more so the better the physical fitness. After hypodynamics exposure the same relation was observed. But for athletes the values remain more stable and the decrease by hypodynamics exposure was not so distinctive. Such decreased reaction to hypodynamic conditions seems to reveal the neuro hormonal mechanism for the detrimental adaptation of athletes to hypodynamics. These results suggest that stable athletes do not always have low orthostatic tolerability, but do not respond well to hypodynamic conditions, at least from the orthostatic point of view. The mechanism seems related to sympathetic nerve activity.     

Implementing human factors training in technical operations and maintenance

The author reports experience with design of human factors training for aircraft engineering operations and maintenance. The program was based on five principles: observable skills-based training; integration with policies, practices, and procedures; data-driven and performance focused material; training needs fit organizational and national cultures; and training must be useful and beneficial.     

Extravehicular activity training and hardware design consideration

Preparing astronauts to perform the many complex extravehicular activity (EVA) tasks required to assemble and maintain Space Station will be accomplished through training simulations in a variety of facilities. The adequacy of this training is dependent on a thorough understanding of the task to be performed, the environment in which the task will be performed, high-fidelity training hardware and an awareness of the limitations of each particular training facility. Designing hardware that can be successfully operated, or assembled, by EVA astronauts in an efficient manner, requires an acute understanding of human factors and the capabilities and limitations of the space-suited astronaut. Additionally, the significant effect the microgravity environment has on the crew members' capabilities has to be carefully considered not only for each particular task, but also for all the overhead related to the task and the general overhead associated with EVA. This paper will describe various training methods and facilities that will be used to train EVA astronauts for Space Station assembly and maintenance. User-friendly EVA hardware design considerations and recent EVA flight experience will also be presented.     

多模式柔索驱动航天员训练机器人力控制

为解决长期在失重环境下生活和工作的航天员的康复训练问题,针对现有的航天员训练设备功能单一、训练效果不理想的现状,研制了多模式柔索驱动航天员训练机器人。基于模块化、可重构的机器人构型,通过机器人模拟重力环境的负载特征,把相应的载荷施加到人体上,实现航天员在失重环境下进行跑步、卧推和负重深蹲等体育训练,帮助航天员减轻或者克服空间适应综合征带来的不利影响;在此基础上提出一种机器人双闭环力控制策略,人机跑步训练实验结果表明,本文研制的多模式航天员训练机器人构型合理,控制策略有效,可以辅助在失重环境下生活和工作的航天员开展体育训练。     

柔索驱动式航天员虚拟微重力训练系统控制与实验

针对现有的航天员地面微重力训练设备存在成本高、单次训练时间短、模拟精度低等问题,提出了一种柔索驱动的航天员虚拟微重力训练系统。通过采样航天员对作业对象的操作力,控制柔索驱动虚拟物体(末端执行器)运动,使虚拟物体符合在微重力环境中的运动规律。建立了柔索驱动训练系统的动力学模型,分析了系统的特性。针对传统力伺服系统多余力对控制力精度影响较大且难以克服的问题,提出了一种使用弹簧产生柔索张力的并联柔索全位置型控制方法,并引入力/速局部反馈的控制策略。实验结果表明,系统克服多余力效果明显,可以获得较高的驱动力控制精度;虚拟质量在操作力作用下的运动符合在微重力环境中的运动规律,且有较高的模拟精度;系统稳定性良好,可以实现微重力环境中移动不同质量物体的虚拟作业训练。