激光跟踪仪成组性间接溯源方法研究

提出了采用我国通用的量值传递方式之一的共用传递标准传递方式,验证各个激光跟踪仪数据一致性的方法,考察各个激光跟踪仪校准同一参考长度测量结果的差异,考察现场环境的不同对比对结果的影响,研究激光跟踪仪成组性间接溯源方法,探索连环比对溯源的新途径.     

智能眼镜辅助的激光跟踪仪移动测量系统

针对大尺寸精密测量领域所使用的激光跟踪仪在工业现场测量过程中测量信息传递不畅、需要多人协同等问题,考虑智能眼镜等可穿戴设备的独特优势,提出了一种使用智能眼镜移动控制激光跟踪仪进行测量操作的方法,并设计和实现了一个基于智能眼镜的激光跟踪仪移动测量系统。首先,建立一个多客户端/服务器结构。其中,智能眼镜移动端与激光跟踪仪控制系统均与计算机服务端相连接,三者通过局域网与TCP/IP协议实现互联互通。其次,开发了良好的网络通信功能模块,通过使用多线程技术实现了智能眼镜移动端、计算机服务端与激光跟踪仪控制系统的信息传递,通过将测量过程转换为独立的测量任务的方式,使本系统能够快速地完成测量。最后,通过对测量过程的语义定义,开发语音识别控制模块,降低了智能眼镜应用的操作难度,在大尺寸测量过程中解放双手,提高了激光跟踪仪测量的智能化水平。     

本刊资讯

API推出全新一代激光跟踪仪RadianAPI(美国自动精密工程公司)全新一代激光跟踪仪Radian是API公司继T3激光跟踪仪之后又一杰出力作。Radian激光跟踪仪以API公司最新研发的INNOVO智能测量系统平台为基础,使激光跟踪仪的功能更强大,表现     

经理人online

<正>法如科技亚太区市场总监柯明杰先生做用户信赖的三维测量技术供应商FARO(法如科技)的技术允许在生产和质量控制流程中对工件和复合结构进行高精度的三维测量、成像和比较。目前的主打系统包括最畅销FaroArm测量臂系列中最具代表性的FARO?Edge ScanArm ES测量臂以及激光跟踪仪家族的新成员FARO Laser Tracker Vantage激光跟踪仪,其广泛应用于航天航空、汽车制造、金属加工、以及模具机床行业,常用于定位、校准、工件检测、首件检测、工具认证、数模比对分析和逆向工程等。ScanArm ES作为一款融合了接触式与非接触式的便携式测量系统,采用了增强扫描技术(EST),对具有挑     

激光跟踪仪在飞机雷达天线面板安装精度测量中的应用

简述了激光跟踪仪的基本组成及测量原理,结合总装生产特点,介绍了利用激光跟踪仪测量飞机雷达天线面板底座的基本方法,并对测量误差进行了精度分析     

基于T-Scan的三维激光扫描系统测量误差分析

三维激光自动扫描系统可以快速获取零件表面信息,提高扫描系统的测量精度可以进一步提高系统性能。针对扫描精度问题,对扫描系统的测量误差进行了分析和评估,在试验中使用的扫描系统由机器人和商业三维激光扫描仪T-Scan组成,这种商业三维激光扫描仪的基本原理是激光三角法,测量误差受到扫描位姿的影响。将T-Scan的扫描位姿分解为扫描深度、俯仰角和偏转角,通过控制变量试验研究了扫描位姿对随机误差和系统误差的影响。试验结果显示,扫描结果的随机误差远小于系统误差,系统误差与扫描深度和俯仰角呈双线性关系。根据试验结果建立了系统误差的预测模型,通过模型预测的系统误差与实际试验结果的偏差最大为26μm,该预测模型是优化扫描轨迹从而提高测量精度的前提条件。     

激光跟踪仪在飞机型架装配中的应用

介绍了激光跟踪仪(LTD500)的硬件组成、测量原理和性能参数。详细介绍了激光跟踪仪用于飞机型架的安装和测量步骤,并分析了用激光跟踪仪安装型架的优点及测量误差。     

基于激光跟踪仪、iGPS的飞机水平测量技术研究

针对传统飞机水平测量方法的不足,提出一种基于激光跟踪仪、iGPS数字化测量系统联合应用的水平测量新方法。介绍激光跟踪仪、iGPS两种测量系统的组成及工作原理。制定了包括iGPS测量场布局、iGPS系统标定、激光跟踪仪布站、统一坐标系、激光跟踪仪转站及水平测量点测量等环节的飞机水平测量方案。应用表明,该方案测量精度高、劳动强度低,完全满足新一代飞机的装配需求。     

大幅面光学摄影测量胶片的数字化实现途径

提出利用成熟的扫描仪产品和一些新技术,对大幅面光学摄影测量胶片进行数字化的途径。通过对通用扫描仪的扫描方法、光学系统、传动机构等进行改进,并采用图像校准技术,完成大幅面光学测量胶片的高精度数字化,从而提高图像分析、判读和处理的精度。     

激光跟踪仪在某型飞机制造中的应用研究

阐述了激光跟踪仪组成、测量原理及误差补偿方法。利用激光跟踪仪分别在某型飞机后机身总装、大部件对接和质量检测工位构建了空间测量系统。实现了部件装配平台运动闭环控制,完成了飞机大部件预总装动态调姿引导,对飞机部件装配质量进行了定量监控,大幅度提高了飞机装配效率和质量。     

稳态数字散斑测量仪校准方法探讨

针对稳态数字散斑测量技术在全场振动测试中的重要性,本文探讨了稳态数字散斑测量仪的校准方法;基于稳态正弦信号激励的压电振动台及高准确度的激光测振仪,搭建了稳态数字散斑测量仪的校准系统,并通过重复性实验验证了校准系统测量数据的准确性及可靠性;最后对自研的数字散斑干涉测量仪进行了校准,进一步证明了此校准方法的可行性。     

基于星间激光测距的三星时差定位系统标校方法

利用精确的星间激光测距信息,提出了基于星间测距的三星时差定位系统标校方法。该方法消除了副星相对位置系统误差对定位精度的影响,同时提出了副星相对位置系统误差的解析解法,建立了模型误差和对副星相对位置系统误差进行估算的误差的定量关系,并证实了基于星间激光测距的标校方法可以在较大范围内提高定位精度。     

A shortcut to marking 3D target curves on curved surface via a galvanometric laser scanner

Marking arbitrary three-dimensional(3D) target curves on given objects with curved surface is required in many industrial fields, such as fabric prepreg placement in composite material part fabrication, product assembly, surface painting for decoration, etc. A shortcut to the solution of this intractable problem is proposed by utilizing a galvanometric laser scanner(GLS) with the aid of a camera. Without using the existing tedious GLS calibration procedures,the proposed method directly establishes a mapping between the 3D coordinates of the laser spots on the object surface and the control voltages of the scanner. A single-hidden layer feedforward neural network(SLFN) is employed to model the mapping. By projecting a dense grid of laser spots on the object to be marked and simultaneously taking only one image, the SLFN model is trained in minutes via a linear solving mechanism. Experiments demonstrate that the trained SLFN model has a good generalization performance for marking 3D target curves. The 3D laser marking errors on experimental objects are less than 0.5 mm. The proposed method is especially suitable for on-site use and can be conveniently extended to multiple GLSs for marking large complex objects.     

High accuracy navigation and landing system using GPS/IMU systemintegration

In this paper, the accuracy, integrity and continuity of function requirements for automatic landing systems using satellite navigation systems are discussed. Such a landing system is the integrated navigation and landing system (INLS) developed by Deutsche Aerospace (DASA/Ulm, Germany). The system concepts of the INLS are presented. It is shown how an INLS, based on system integration of a satellite navigation system (e.g., GPS) in realtime differential mode with an inertial measurement unit (IMU) in the accuracy class of an attitude and heading reference system (AHRS), can meet the requirements: the results given are mainly devoted to the accuracy issues. Using Kalman filter techniques, an in-flight calibration of the IMU is performed. The advantage of system integration, especially in dynamic flight conditions and during phases of flight with satellite masking, is explained. The accuracy, integrity and continuity of function of the INLS were proven by means of flight tests in a commuter aircraft using a laser tracker as a reference. These flight tests have shown that the short-term accuracy (<60 seconds) of the AHRS used within the INLS has been improved from low cost sensor quality to the accuracy of a high quality laser inertial navigation system (LNIS). With the presented INLS, a landing at any airfield, not equipped with conventional Instrument Landing System (ILS) or Microwave Landing System (MLS), is possible by using a very cost effective system. The INLS is a high accuracy navigation and landing system designed to be used instead of conventional landing systems at small airfields and to fill operational gaps of conventional navigation and landing systems in cruise and approach on large airports     

Force measurement using strain-gauge balance in shock tunnel based on deep learning

When a force test is conducted in a shock tunnel, vibration of the Force Measurement System (FMS) is excited under the strong flow impact, and it cannot be attenuated rapidly within the extremely short test duration of milliseconds order. The output signal of the force balance is coupled with the aerodynamic force and the inertial vibration. This interference can result in inaccurate force measurements, which can negatively impact the accuracy of the test results. To eliminate inertial vibration interference from the output signal, proposed here is a dynamic calibration modeling method for an FMS based on deep learning. The signal is processed using an intelligent Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) model in the time domain and an intelligent Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model in the frequency domain. Results processed with the intelligent models show that the inertial vibration characteristics of the FMS can be identified efficiently and its main frequency is about 380 Hz. After processed by the intelligent models, the inertial vibration is mostly eliminated from the output signal. Also, the data processing results are subjected to error analysis. The relative error of each component is about 1%, which verifies that the modeling method based on deep learning has considerable engineering application value in data processing for pulse-type strain-gauge balances. Overall, the proposed dynamic calibration modeling method has the potential to improve the accuracy and reliability of force measurements in shock tunnel tests, which could have significant implications for the field of aerospace engineering.     

基于ELM的航空制孔机器人定位精度补偿方法

针对航空制孔机器人绝对定位精度补偿中存在的建模复杂及运算量大的问题,提出了一种基于极限学习机的绝对定位精度补偿方法。该方法通过将机器人视为一个黑箱系统,忽略机器人的几何因素和非几何因素的影响,通过高精度的激光跟踪仪测量获得机器人的末端运动误差,采用极限学习机建立机器人误差预测模型。由机器人误差预测模型获得机器人在期望位置的位置偏差,通过修正机器人位置坐标来实现机器人的绝对定位精度补偿。最后该方法在航空制孔机器人上进行了试验,试验结果显示机器人的绝对位置误差的平均值和最大值分别降低了75.69%和78.16%。     

基于Python的激光跟踪仪设站优化系统的开发

采用Python语言结合DAKOTA优化平台的方案,按照面向对象的编程思想,成功地开发了激光跟踪仪设站优化系统。实现了在使用激光跟踪仪对飞机装配型架测量安装前,预先对设站位置优化,找出最佳设站位置。从而避免因设站位置不佳而造成不必要的转站,提高了测量安装精度。     

无定向激光陀螺捷联惯组标定方法的对比研究

对三种无定向激光陀螺捷联惯组标定方法进行了对比研究,详细分析了各种方案的标定原理,提出了利用标准差作为评价标定方法优劣的指标.结合对某一激光陀螺捷联惯组标定试验结果的分析,得到了在无北向基准的情况下,三种标定方法在标定时间和标定精度两个指标上的对比结果,为无定向激光捷联惯组的标定提供了指导,具有较大的工程应用价值.     

一种面向叉耳式翼身对接的视觉测量方法

针对某型叉耳式翼身对接飞机在外场拆卸重装等特殊环境下,激光跟踪仪因现场环境等原因难以放置到满足测量精度要求的位置上进行直接测量的问题,提出一种基于视觉的直接测量方法。并搭建出该测量系统的模型,分析建立视觉测量系统所涉及到的关键技术,同时给出一种基于弧段组合的椭圆检测方法。最终通过模拟叉耳孔对接测量试验验证该方法的可行性。试验结果表明叉耳孔轴线间隙距离测量精度可达0.03mm,轴线角度测量精度达到0.025°,满足实际对接测量要求。     

无余量装配技术在复合材料机身结构部段上的应用

提出了在复合材料飞机部段装配过程中采用无余量装配的方法。在产品设计和制造过程中采用数字量传递的方式可减少误差积累,提高协调精度。关键零部件的装配、工装制造等采用激光跟踪仪等数字化测量设备可以确保精确性,并能在装配工艺设计阶段就考虑零部件间的协调安装精度及公差分配要求。通过分析复合材料部段装配特点,并以复合材料机身典型结构为例进行应用研究,阐述了在三维数字化装配过程中具有协调关系的关键零部件无余量装配的工艺流程、方法,从而可实现零部件一次装夹、加工及无反复装配,使装配质量具有良好的稳定性。