"安加拉"系列运载火箭

为了适应未来的空间运输发射市场的需求 ,俄罗斯赫鲁尼切夫国家研究与生产空间中心研制了新一代运载火箭——“安加拉” (Angara)系列运载火箭。近年来 ,由于世界航天发射市场呈现了激烈的竞争格局 ,“提高运载火箭的性能与可靠性 ,同时降低研制成本与发射价格”就成了世界上各主要运载火箭制造商们开发新产品的主要设计目标。根据这个目标 ,运载火箭制造商们研制了一系列新型运载火箭。目前正处在研制阶段的有 :波音公司的德尔他 - 4、洛克希德 -马丁公司的宇宙神 - 5、阿里安空间公司的阿里安 - 5改进型运载火箭 ,以及其他一些可重复使用…     

面向开发过程的产品结构形式化建模

为满足开发过程产品结构数据的动态结构配置、动态任务协作、动态目标求解、动态状态跟踪等应用需要,在对开发过程产品结构属性及其相互关系进行分析的基础上,提出了一种面向开发过程应用的产品结构形式化模型.结合产品开发活动的时域行为特征,给出了产品结构的时域定义,并以此为基础构建了产品结构模型的时域扩展定义.通过分析产品状态与开发任务时域行为的映射关系,在产品结构时域扩展定义的基础上,提出了基于时间截面的开发过程产品结构状态追踪方案及算法,并通过模拟产品对象在开发过程中的状态变迁过程,验证了模型及相关应用方案的实用性和有效性.      

模型识别在化学电源中的应用

文中详细介绍了用单纯形搜索法进行模型识别,特别是参数估计的原理,并以7N KOH溶液中Ag_2O电极的频率特性为例,对建模的实验设计、可能的模型结构分析、目标函数的计算、单纯形搜索法的程序编制以及模型结构和待估参数的确定,进行了详细具体的讨论。我们的工作表明:用单纯形搜索法进行电池(或电极过程)的模型识别是切实可行的,它为今后改进宇航用化学电源的性能和寿命,开发新的化学电源系列的研究,提供了有力的手段。     

整数型机队规划模型及其应用

本文从我国国情出发,针对某地区民航运输及支线开发的实际情况,构造了以飞行航班作为决策变量的整数型多目标机队规划模型,阐述了求解该模型的基本思路,并采用MIP(Mixed Integral Programming)通用程序,对模型在多种情况下进行了求解,所得结果及其分析可供有关部门参考。建立的模型简单、实用,便于推广应用。     

飞机界面设计颜色匹配性

针对飞机显示界面设计中存在的问题,开发了一个用于工效学实验的飞行信息显示界面仿真模型.以该模型为背景开展实验,综合使用主观和客观测量方法对不同颜色匹配特性进行了研究.以反应时间作为绩效评价指标,并利用模糊数学的方法对主观数据进行处理.实验得到以下主要结果:确定了不同背景色和目标色匹配的辨识快慢顺序和喜好程度;不同颜色匹配的作业绩效和喜好程度不全相一致;白色/红色、棕色/黄色、暗灰/蓝色、黑色/淡绿、白色/蓝色较适宜作为背景/目标色组合,白色/黄色、黑色/蓝色则不适宜.     

基于STK的空间目标可见光散射特性建模与仿真

为给天基光学观测系统的设计和性能研究提供数据支持, 建立了基于STK的天基 探测空间目标等效星等计算模型. 选用双向反射分布函数(BRDF)五参量计算模 型, 分析了空间目标面元的可见光散射特性; 根据目标几何结构尺寸和物性参 量等建立目标几何模型, 对该模型进行面元划分, 推导了空间目标在天基观测 系统入瞳处的等效星等计算公式; 结合卫星工具包(STK)提供的太阳、目标卫 星、观测卫星三者的关系数据, 建立了基于STK的易于求解的目标星等计算模 型, 对此模型进行实例仿真和分析, 并与漫反射计算模型进行比较. 结果表 明BRDF模型得到的辐照度曲线比漫反射模型更曲折且存在峰值现象, 更符合 目标表面材料的实际特性, 此外, 与STK的结合运用, 使其可更加方便快捷地获得目 标最佳观测时段及相应的等效星等.      

OpenGL在红外辐射计算中的应用

提出一种将OpenGL应用在目标红外辐射特性计算中,从而实现目标红外辐射特性可视化计算的方法.由于OpenGL可用于构造三维模型,进行三维图形交互软件的开发;因而将其引入红外辐射特性计算中可解决复杂目标计算问题,而且图形硬件的消隐能力避免了遮挡计算并使计算以所见即所得的方式实现可视化.针对目标红外辐射特性中的自身辐射和目标对太阳光的反射部分,分别运用光照模型中发射光和漫反射的特性,以像素的颜色获取温度参数和法矢从而实现可视化计算.用一个简单标准体模型进行验证,计算结果表明了该方法的有效性和可行性.     

人体热调节系统数学模型

简要地介绍了人体热调节系统,综述了人体热调节系统数学模型的研究现状,从模型的人体结构表示、循环系统建模、模型的求解和维数等方面,对主要的人体热调节系统数学模型进行了比较,模型包括NASA的41节点人体模型及Kuznetz模型,Wissler模型, Werner模型及北京航空航天大学开发的几个人体热调节模型.对进一步的研究提出了某些观点与建议.      

基于交互式多模型鲁棒滤波的目标机动估计算法

针对雷达导引头的测量信息带有闪烁噪声的问题,研究了交互式多模型和鲁棒滤波在雷达导引头目标机动估计中的应用.采用Huber Based滤波理论改进高阶容积卡尔曼滤波,提出高阶容积鲁棒滤波算法,选取Singer模型、“当前”统计模型、常加速度模型作为目标机动模型,建立雷达导引头测量模型,结合交互式多模型算法框架,设计目标机动估计滤波器.蒙特卡洛数字仿真结果表明,所提算法的鲁棒性较强,与传统高斯滤波相比,所提算法对闪烁噪声具有更高的滤波精度.     

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

基于最小值原理的冗余度机器人动力学控制

为了解冗余度机器人全局法优化中数值求解的困难,本文讨论了动力学方程的建立,无约束和有约束最优控制问题之间的内在联系,重点分析了求解最优控制问题的数值方法,文中提出了双向异步积分迭代的求解正则方程组的直接迭代法,较好解决了状态方程和协态方程稳定相逆给求解两点这值问题带来的困难。     

基于GPS载波相位的微卫星姿态算法研究

GPS姿态系统是利用GPS载波相位测量来确定载体的航向和姿态角。本文对微卫星的GPS姿态系统进行了研究。重点解决短基线的GPS状态算法，讨论了姿态价格函数的了小化方法。测试结果表明，所提的算法对小于1m的基线是有效的。