基于预测电流控制的光伏并网系统最大功率点跟踪算法

针对光伏发电的突变性及昼发夜停特性提出一种新型的基于预测电流控制的光伏并网系统最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)算法。根据实际情况考虑光伏阵列的非线性特性,最大功率点周围光伏电压的振荡及逆变器、滤波器的设计等。为了确保系统采用控制算法的稳定性,MPPT的设计应运而生,在此基础上通过改进算法从光伏系统的电压与电流预测基准电流进而控制光伏并网系统。通过与传统的波动相关控制方法对比给出了仿真结果。仿真结果表明:在光照发生突变时,与传统的波动相关控制法相比,提出的改进算法的跟踪速度较之提升9.3%,并能够准确跟踪光伏并网系统最大功率点,且性能稳定可靠。     

Power tracking for nonlinear PV sources with coupled inductor SEPIC converter

The photovoltaic (PV) generator exhibits a nonlinear i-v characteristic and its maximum power (MP) point varies with solar insolation. In this paper, a V2-based MP point tracking (MPPT) scheme is developed using a buck-boost transformation topology. Although several buck-boost transformation topologies are available we have considered here a coupled inductor SEPIC converter for experimentation. To achieve almost ripple-free array current we have used ripple steering phenomena with the help of integrated inductor. This integrated inductor not only reduces the magnetic core requirements but also improves converter performance. Mathematical models are formulated and tracking algorithm is evolved. A combined PV system simulation model is developed in the SIMULINK. For a given solar insolation, the tracking algorithm changes the duty ratio of the converter such that the solar cell array (SCA) voltage equals the voltage corresponding to the MP point. This is done by the tracking algorithm, which mainly computes the power proportional to square of terminal voltage and changes the duty ratio of the converter so that this power is maximum. The proposed algorithm is implemented in real-time with the help of Analog Device ADMC-401 DSP evaluation module. The tracking program is developed to perform experimental investigations using analog-to-digital converter (ADC) interrupt. Using this processor we are able to track the MP within 200 ms. The proposed peak power tracking effectiveness is demonstrated through simulation and experimental results.     

基于TS模型的模糊神经网络光伏MPPT控制

为了克服传统最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)方法的一些缺点,使光伏系统更加快速准确地工作在最大功率输出点,提出了基于模糊控制和神经网络控制相结合的自适应控制方法。该方法充分利用模糊神经网络处理非线性问题的优点,通过模糊控制来改变步长,利用神经网络的自学习能力来快速达到平衡,使光伏MPPT在跟踪速度和稳定性之间达到一个较优的平衡。仿真和试验结果表明,基于模糊神经网络自适应控制的MPPT方法具有较强的鲁棒性和自适应能力。     

Voltage-based maximum power point tracking control of PV system

Photovoltaic (PV) generators exhibit nonlinear v-i characteristics and maximum power (MP) points that vary with solar insulation. An intermediate converter can therefore increase efficiency by matching the PV system to the load and by operating the solar cell arrays (SCAs) at their maximum power point. An MP point tracking algorithm is developed using only SCA voltage information thus leading to current sensorless tracking control. The inadequacy of a boost converter for array voltage based MP point control is experimentally verified and an improved converter system is proposed. The proposed converter system results in low ripple content, which improves the array performance and hence a lower value of capacitance is sufficient on the solar array side. Simplified mathematical expressions for a PV source are derived. A signal flow graph is employed for modeling the converter system. Current sensorless peak power tracking effectiveness is demonstrated through simulation results. Experimental results are presented to validate the proposed method     

Optimized one-cycle control in photovoltaic grid connected applications

The use of one-cycle control (OCC) for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and power factor correction (PFC) in grid connected photovoltaic (PV) applications is discussed. Circuit and operating parameters of the one cycle-based controller of a cost-effective single-stage inverter are optimized in order to obtain the best performances of the system under different irradiance levels. Firstly, design constraints are formulated which allow to get a very efficient OCC operation in terms of power extracted from the PV array, stability, and PFC. Afterwards, such constraints are used to perform the parametric optimization of the one cycle controller by means of suitable heuristic approaches. Various selection criteria of the best parameters set under different conditions are discussed and applied. Finally, a customized perturb and observe (P&O) control is applied to the optimized one cycle controlled single-stage inverter in order to perform a real MPPT in presence of varying irradiance conditions. Subjects described here are covered by the Italian Patent Application SA2005A000014-13.07.2005 and PCT Application PCT/IT2005/000747-20.12.2005     

Feedforward maximum power point tracking of PV systems using fuzzy controller

A feedforward maximum power (MP) point tracking scheme is developed for the interleaved dual boost (IDB) converter fed photovoltaic (PV) system using fuzzy controller. The tracking algorithm changes the duty ratio of the converter such that the solar cell array (SCA) voltage equals the voltage corresponding to the MP point at that solar insolation. This is done by the feedforward loop, which generates an error signal by comparing the instantaneous array voltage and reference voltage. The reference voltage for the feedforward loop, corresponding to the MP point, is obtained by an off-line trained neural network. Experimental data is used for off-line training of the neural network, which employs back-propagation algorithm. The proposed fuzzy feedforward peak power tracking effectiveness is demonstrated through the simulation and experimental results, and compared with the conventional proportional plus integral (PI) controller based system. Finally, a comparative study of interleaved boost and conventional boost converter for the PV applications is given and their suitability is discussed.     

Predictive & Adaptive MPPT Perturb and Observe Method

The perturb and observe (P&O) best operation conditions are investigated in order to identify the edge efficiency performances of this most popular maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique for photovoltaic (PV) applications. It is shown that P&O may guarantee top-level efficiency, provided that a proper predictive (by means of a parabolic interpolation of the last three operating points) and adaptive (based on the measure of the actual power) hill climbing strategy is adopted. The approach proposed is aimed at realizing, in addition to absolute best tracking performances, high robustness and promptness both in sunny and cloudy weather conditions. The power gain with respect to standard P&O technique is proved by means of simulation results and experimental measurements performed on a low power system. Besides the performance improvements, it is shown that the proposed approach allows possible reduction of hardware costs of analog-to-digital (A/D) converters used in the MPPT control circuitry.     

基于改进粒子群优化模糊控制的MPPT算法研究

在光照强度和温度变化时,常规的最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)算法难以快速准确地跟踪光伏系统最大功率点。针对此问题,设计了一种改进粒子群优化算法(PSO)的模糊控制器。首先,依据常规MPPT特性,设计了一种带调整因子的模糊控制算法以快速收敛到最大功率点;然后,采用参数自适应PSO对设计的模糊控制器调整因子进行动态优化。仿真结果表明:所设计的参数自适应PSO优化模糊控制器能快速准确地跟踪最大功率点,保证了MPPT的动态响应速度和稳态精度,提高了光伏系统的工作效率。     

Single-phase grid-connected PV system using three-arm rectifier-inverter

A grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) power supply system with on-line voltage regulation capability is presented. It employs the three-arm rectifier-inverter topology with PV modules connected directly on the dc-link. The common-arm is with line-frequency switching and synchronous to the input voltage, aiming for a lower switching loss and decoupling the control of rectifier and inverter portions. As a result, the rectifier and inverter portions can be controlled independently with the rectifier-arm and inverter-arm, respectively. For maximum power point tracking (MPFF) of the PV modules and balancing the power among utility, PV, and the load, a variable dc-link voltage is adopted and controlled by the rectifier-arm based on the MPPT control algorithm. The inverter-arm then regulates the load voltage with good regulation and low distortion. Due to large variation of the dc-link voltage, a feedforward plus feedback control technique with variable gain is developed to keep constant bandwidth of the current loop at any operation condition. Therefore, the performance of the rectifier and inverter portions can be ensured. A system containing a 2 kVA converter and a 1.2 kW PV module is set up, and some experimental results are provided for demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

永磁直驱风电系统中最大功率点跟踪控制优化的仿真研究

分析了风力机特性、永磁直驱电机模型、变换器控制策略及各种功率跟踪控制算法优缺点,并提出一种基于爬山搜索法的最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)控制方法的优化。在MATLAB/Simulink环境下搭建了永磁直驱风力发电系统模型,仿真分析了控制方法对最大功率点的跟踪效果,结果表明当风机起动及风速变化时MPPT控制方法能够使系统快速稳定在新的工作点,捕获得最大功率。由此验证了改进优化后的控制方法及所搭建模型的准确性与有效性。     

基于模拟退火粒子群算法的波浪发电系统最大功率跟踪控制

波浪发电系统最大功率点跟踪控制中,传统粒子群算法存在早熟收敛和局部搜索能力不足问题,为此提出基于模拟退火算法的粒子群优化方案。该算法每次更新粒子的速度和位置时,通过比较当前温度下各个粒子的适配值与随机数的大小,从所有粒子中确定全局最优解的替代值,从而使粒子群算法在发生早熟收敛时能够跳出局部最优并快速找到全局最优解。仿真结果表明,与传统粒子群优化算法相比,模拟退火粒子群算法可有效避免波浪发电系统陷入局部最大功率点,并快速实现全局最大功率跟踪,提高了波浪能捕获率。     

考虑局部遮挡的太阳能无人机能源控制

针对太阳能无人机在飞行状态下可能出现的太阳能电池局部遮挡情况,开展相应的太阳能电池最大功率点追踪算法和能源控制研究。通过将发光亮度引入相对吸引力计算过程对萤火虫算法进行改进,实现了局部阴影情况下太阳能电池最大功率点的高效追踪。以此为基础,设计了考虑局部遮挡情况下太阳能无人机的太阳能电池/蓄电池混合能源状态机控制规则。以"蒲公英I"无人机为例,建立了太阳能电池阵列模型,开展了考虑局部遮挡情况下太阳能电池最大功率点追踪仿真实验;基于"蒲公英I"飞行剖面,开展了考虑局部遮挡情况的混合能源控制仿真试验。研究结果表明：改进的萤火虫算法可以实现在局部阴影情况下太阳能电池最大功率点的有效跟踪,与萤火虫算法相比收敛时间更短、且功率波动幅度更小;采用改进萤火虫算法和状态机能源管理策略,在考虑局部遮挡的飞行状态下可以实现太阳能电池/蓄电池之间的合理功率分配与控制。     

高空驻留太阳能飞机主动式光伏组件面功率特性研究

 光伏组件面功率特性是影响太阳能飞机性能指标的关键因素之一。首先建立了考虑光伏组件表面温度、太阳能飞机飞行高度、纬度及一年四季等因素的光伏组件面功率模型,分析了光伏组件在一年范围内的日均直射、日均水平面功率随飞行高度、纬度和季节等关键设计指标参数的变化规律,对比研究了3种跟踪采能方式下的主动式光伏组件(TPM)的逐时、日均面功率特性。结果表明:在一天的光照时间内和全年范围内,主动式光伏组件能显著提高光伏组件的面功率特性。然后,参考了典型的太阳能飞机"Helios"和"Zephyr",综合考虑能源与气动特性,初步设计了一种采用主动式光伏组件的高空驻留太阳能飞机布局方案,通过分析其日均净面功率特性得出:合理设计主动式光伏组件,可以显著提高太阳能飞机的日均净面功率约32%~66%,甚至可达116%。这些结论均说明,从采能效率和气动特性两方面综合来说,所提出的基于主动式光伏组件的布局设计思想在高空驻留太阳能飞机总体布局设计时具有良好的应用优势。     

反推滑模控制在电磁耦合调速型风电机组中的应用研究

针对电磁耦合调速型风电机组的风能跟踪中存在的跟踪效果较差的问题,提出了一种基于反推滑模控制的最大风能跟踪控制算法。依据风力机运行特性和电磁耦合器的工作原理建立了电磁耦合调速型调速型风电机组的数学模型,阐述了在该风电机组中最优转矩控制的具体应用方法,并获得参考转矩。最后依据反推滑模控制原理设计分别应用于最大风能跟踪区恒转速区的转矩滑模反推控制器和转速滑模反推控制器,验证了系统的稳定性。与转矩反推控制和传统最优转矩控制相比,该方法能够快速准确地跟踪风速的变化,以最佳叶尖速比运行,更好地实现最大风能跟踪的目标。     

交流光伏水泵系统控制策略

光伏水泵系统具有无污染、全自动等优点,且应用的场合较多,为此设计了一种以TMS320F28335为主控制器的光伏水泵控制系统。控制系统中的三相异步电机调速部分采用基于空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)方式的变压变频(VVVF)控制,最大功率点跟踪部分采用恒定电压法(CVT)和扰动观察法结合最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)技术。试验结果表明系统实现最大功率点跟踪并稳定运行。     

Direction of arrival tracking below the ambiguity threshold

We present an algorithm for direction-of-arrival (DOA) tracking that allows operation below the ambiguity threshold of the direction-finding (DF) system. Using multiple target tracking techniques, the algorithm turns the most likely DOAs of each measurement into multiple potential tracks and then selects the true track as that with the maximum cumulative likelihood. The improvement offered by the algorithm, namely the extension of the ambiguity-free signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) domain, is demonstrated in several simulated experiments using several array structures, including a sparse array and a uniform linear array     

基于变步长与非对称模糊的光伏MPPT控制策略

针对于光伏发电系统的输出特性,容易受到外界变数的影响而出现非对称的强非线性特征,输出的功率会偏离最大输出功率点的现象。分析了最大功率点跟踪的几种常用控制策略的优缺点,对PU曲线进行了分析,提出了非对称模糊与变步长电导增量法相结合的控制策略。这里的变步长电导增量法可以在远离最大功率点两侧时,快速靠近最大功率点,当进一步靠近最大功率点区间附近时,采取非对称模糊控制进行寻优,能够较好地削弱系统在最大功率点周围的振荡现象,提升整个系统的稳定性能。通过MATLAB/Simulink进行建模仿真对比,得出所提的方法有较好的动态性能。     

多无人机绳索悬挂协同搬运固定时间控制

针对多无人机绳索悬挂协同搬运跟踪控制问题,设计了一种新的固定时间协同跟踪控制算法.首先,通过旋量分析,计算系统不同状态下的有效旋量空间,并根据静力学平衡计算系统在有效旋量空间约束下的拉力容许裕度.其次,在保证绳索张紧以及最大拉力约束的条件下,基于微分平坦性以及绳索拉力优化分配算法,规戈编队的期望跟踪轨迹.然后,基于Ud...     

基于扰动跟踪法的单相两级式光伏并网逆变器研究

两级式单相逆变并网装置拥有单独控制、效率高等特点.针对并网光伏系统中的两级单相逆变装置展开研究,此逆变装置两级由Boost直流变换装置与逆变装置组成.Boost直流升压装置实现最大功率点追踪,逆变装置实现并网逆变操作.最大功率点控制采用扰动追踪法,该控制与并网逆变控制彼此独立、互不影响.Matlab实验仿真及实物平台试验均证实了该策略的实用性.     

一种面向多域作战指挥控制系统的信息融合系统设计

针对信息化战争条件下多源异构传感器的复杂目标识别与跟踪问题,基于开放架构思想设计了该系统 的功能逻辑与部署方式,在融合算法上基于最小化Cauchy-Schwarz散度的分布式融合算法和改进的D-S推理算法,实现了目标的点迹与属性融合。多个指标维度下的仿真评估结果表明,该系统的设计方案实现了预期功能,能够满足多域作战指挥控制系统的要求,相关方法可为相关领域研究人员提供参考。