一种高空飞艇螺旋桨结构多目标优化设计方法

为了远离旋转激振力的影响避免桨叶共振,需要提高桨叶的弯曲频率,这不可避免的会增加质量。为了解决低质量与高频率之间的矛盾,提出了一种螺旋桨两目标优化方法。以桨叶最小质量和最大弯曲频率作为两个优化目标,以复合材料的铺层角度、铺层厚度和铺层区域作为设计变量,以最大应变、桨尖最大位移和桨叶50%、75%和85%剖面处的扭转角作为约束,使用非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)对螺旋桨进行优化设计,得到了关于质量和频率的Pareto解集。转速为520 r/min的两叶桨的转频为8.76 Hz,穿越频率为17.33 Hz,根据频率在Pareto解集上选取远离这两个点的方案。通过制造与测试,得到的实物桨叶频率为12.29 Hz,距离两个共振点都较远,有效的避免了桨叶共振。      

螺旋桨周期变距系统在螺旋桨飞机姿态控制上的应用研究(下)

二、周期变距桨的设计 1.周期变距螺旋桨的结构形式 周期变距螺旋桨结构主要由桨毂、变距摇臂、桨叶、倾斜盘、桨轴、作动器、操纵拉杆组成.     

带气弹稳定性约束的复合材料浆叶减振优化设计

研究以降低直升机旋翼激振力为目标的复合材料桨叶结构动力学减振优化设计 ,分析了桨叶结构特性及桨尖后掠角等参数对N次 /转旋翼桨毂振动载荷的影响。在建立的桨叶二维结构特性有限元分析方程中 ,计入了桨叶剖面翘曲变形的影响 ,并利用哈密尔顿原理推导了旋翼桨叶的一维非线性运动微分方程。以桨毂交变载荷为目标函数 ,直接以复合材料桨叶典型剖面构造节点数据、铺层设计参数和桨尖后掠角等为设计变量 ,引入桨叶挥舞惯量、固有频率和气弹稳定性约束 ,进行旋翼的动力学优化设计 ,并结合 3片桨叶旋翼的设计进行了算例分析 ,优化结果使 3次/转的桨毂载荷降低了 2 4 .9%～ 33%。     

桨毂三维有限元应力分析

某型螺旋桨毂坐标系的确定,此桨毂为整体形结构,沿径向均匀装置四个桨叶,如图1所示,以飞机飞行方向定位,桨毂旋转平面定为XOY平面,沿桨叶轴线方向为X轴坐标,在旋转平面内与X轴垂直方向为Y坐标,Z轴坐标则为通过旋转轴心而与飞行方向相反的轴线。在旋转平面的后端面,用端齿与发动机主轴连接,以传递扭矩及轴向位伸;其前端面安装螺旋桨整流罩,罩内装置液压调节活塞,整体结构内为空心,桨叶变距机构由此空间操纵四个桨叶。桨叶的离心力和气动力通过桨轴传递至桨毂。      

基于独立桨距控制的旋翼减振规律研究

独立桨距控制(IBC)能够改善旋翼气动环境,降低桨毂振动载荷。本文以SA349/2直升机为例,桨叶气动力计算采用Leishman-Beddoes动态失速模型和Pit-Peters动态入流模型,利用Fortran程序编译成为Adams子程序;桨毂载荷计算采用工程上应用较为广泛的Adams和Nastran软件,建立旋翼弹性桨叶气弹耦合模型。在周期变距基础上施加二阶、三阶谐波变距,研究独立桨距控制减振作用的规律。     

TB飞机螺旋桨桨毂螺栓的试制

国外引进的ＴＢ飞机是一种单发、轻型飞机。该机型装用的是哈泽尔系列两叶螺旋桨。螺旋桨桨毂由前、后两半桨毂组成,用１０根桨毂螺栓将前、后两半桨毂连接在一起夹紧固定桨叶。螺旋桨转动时,桨毂螺栓承受全部的拉伸载荷和剪切载荷,在变速运动中还要承受额外的附加载荷。因此,对螺栓的材料和机械性能有严格要求。我厂在维修、翻修该型螺旋桨时,由于螺旋桨的数量多,所以桨毂螺栓的需用量大。为了减少维修费用,使该桨毂螺栓的生产国产化,保证足够的备件,我们选用国产航空金属材料进行试制,生产出所需的桨毂螺栓,满足了使用要求,而…     

直升机旋翼桨叶气弹优化减振设计方法

从振源着手通过设计参数的最优选择设计直升机旋翼桨叶,使传递到机身的交变载荷最小达到降低振动水平的目的是旋翼桨叶设计思想的进步。本文在简单概述该方法的基础上,以某4桨摆振柔软的无铰复合材料桨叶为研究对象,将其大梁模拟为一单闭室复合材料盒形梁,研究了通过铺层角的优化选择,降低4次/转的桨毂交变力与力矩的情况。数值算例表明方法效果良好。      

一种高效率螺旋桨设计方法

提出了一种高效率螺旋桨设计方法,该方法根据给定的飞行速度、螺旋桨转速、拉力、螺旋桨直径、桨叶数、翼型,能够计算出最大效率螺旋桨的几何特性,包括:桨叶的弦长分布、桨距角分布、效率、拉力系数、扭矩系数、功率系数.分别按爬升状态和巡航状态的工作参数设计了某型飞机的螺旋桨,得到了桨距角和弦长沿径向的分布.对螺旋桨的缩比模型(直径为0.84m)进行了风洞试验,风洞试验结果表明:螺旋桨在巡航状态的效率是83.02%,爬升状态的效率是79.13%.      

复合材料螺旋桨结构多目标优化设计

在螺旋桨桨叶结构设计的工程实践中,减轻重量和增加扭转刚度是两个主要目标,而复合材料的应用增加了螺旋桨结构的可设计性。以某复合材料螺旋桨为例,基于有限元方法,以桨叶的复合材料铺层数量与铺层角度为优化设计变量,以螺旋桨桨叶强度、弯曲刚度为约束条件,采用快速非支配遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)对该复合材料螺旋桨进行多目标优化设计。得到了关于两个目标函数的帕累托解集,即综合考虑桨叶质量与扭转刚度两个指标的最优设计参数集。本文为复合材料螺旋桨的结构设计提供了一种有效的思路。     

SR20飞机螺旋桨系统工作原理及典型故障分析

基于SR20飞机恒速螺旋桨的系统构造,通过对该型飞机螺旋桨、调速器的构造和桨毂润滑机制的工作原理进行分析,深入阐述了诸如发动机转速损失、发动机超转/全功率转速不足、螺旋桨桨毂油脂过多等典型故障的故障原因及表征现象,提供了螺旋桨系统类似故障的诊断方法及故障排除措施,为该型飞机螺旋桨、调速器的日常维护、故障排除和预防提供了有力依据。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.