液氧煤油补燃循环发动机汽蚀故障建模与仿真分析

为了搭建更加精确的离心泵汽蚀工况的性能预测模型,将汽蚀工况下的泵内流动分为入口段和出口段分别计算流量,以两段流量之差确定泵内空泡体积,进而确定汽蚀的扬程相对降低系数。通过5种型号泵的仿真结果与水试结果对比验证了该建模方法的通用性和准确性,最大计算偏差出现在第二临界点附近,约为1%;针对热试中汽蚀故障进行仿真复现,和热试结果对比验证了该故障建模方法的有效性。在此基础上开展了补燃循环液氧煤油发动机氧化剂泵汽蚀故障的注入与仿真,结果表明：预压泵入口压力降低能够导致氧化剂泵汽蚀;汽蚀工况下,氧化剂主泵扬程降低、流量减少并且转速升高;进而导致燃气发生器混合比趋向当量比、温度升高,与理论分析和试车以及发射中故障结果相吻合。最低允许预压泵入口压力为53%额定入口压力,继续降低压力会导致燃气发生器温度超过临界温度,存在产生毁灭性后果的危险。     

液氧煤油补燃发动机起动过程氧预压泵加速起旋方案研究

为降低液氧煤油补燃发动机起动所需入口压力,需解决起动过程氧预压泵起旋迟缓产生附加阻力导致主泵入口压力过低而发生断裂汽蚀的问题。开展了两种预压泵加速起旋方案研究,分别为已工程应用的液氧涡轮方案和本文提出的氦起动涡轮方案。对比介绍了两种方案对发动机气液系统和预压泵结构的影响。建立了预压泵加速起旋相关的数学模型,针对加速起旋机理、效果和影响因素等进行了仿真分析。结果表明:液氧涡轮方案,预压泵结构变化较小,为提升加速起旋效果,涡轮供应路应尽量增大通径、缩短长度,降低动态流阻和静态流阻,涡轮喷嘴流通面积则需根据其对涡轮流量和压降的综合影响来选择。氦起动涡轮方案,预压泵结构和流路变化较大,起动涡轮速比和效率是降低氦气用量的限制性因素。     

液氧/煤油火箭发动机推力和混合比的非线性调整研究

对液体火箭发动机推力和混合比的大范围非线性调整,提出了分级迭代直接求解高维非线性方程组的计算方法,并对液氧／煤油补燃循环火箭发动机的典型调整方案进行了计算分析,得到了考虑作为冷却剂的燃料温升、主涡轮入口燃气温度、主涡轮泵转速、发动机真空比冲以及燃气发生器喷注器压降和主燃烧室喷注器压降约束下发动机推力和混合比的最大可调域。     

低燃速贫氧推进剂燃气发生器点火起动影响因素研究

为了探索点火能量、燃速、级配及粒度、点火建压速率等因素对冲压发动机燃气发生器点火起动性能的影响,针对采用低燃速贫氧推进剂的燃气发生器点火起动的影响因素进行了研究,在地面直连式试车台上采用全尺寸燃气发生器进行了多次点火起动性能试验。试验结果表明:燃气发生器点火器点火药量提高20%,点火起动时间提高62.7%。低燃速贫氧推进剂燃速从2.3mm/s降低到1.6mm/s,点火起动时间降低43.6%,在低温-40℃条件下的点火起动时间为0.0895s。低燃速贫氧推进剂氧化剂AP平均粒径由193μm增大到201μm,燃气发生器点火起动时间降低36%。在低温-40℃条件下,喷口堵片优化后的点火起动时间为0.0879s,满足快速起动要求。采取措施解决了低燃速贫氧推进剂燃气发生器点火起动困难的问题。     

液体火箭发动机涡轮泵耦合分析

为提高液体火箭发动机工作可靠性,防止灾难性故障发生,避免其涡轮泵旋转频率与燃气脉动频率耦合,对涡轮泵的激励传递途径进行建模分析研究得出了发生器燃气压力脉动是重要激励源的结论。通过构造涡轮盘旋转频率与激励的耦合准则,计算得到了发动机涡轮泵工作时存在的耦合转速区,并对发动机热试车耦合情况进行了分析验证并得到了一致结论。      

涡扇发动机起动过程气动稳定性的数值计算

1引言国内外发表的关于燃气涡轮发动机起动过程的研究论文很少涉及燃气涡轮发动机起动过程气动稳定性的研究[1~3]。由于起动过程发动机的共同工作线非常靠近喘振线,起动极易诱发发动机出现失速或喘振现象,因此,有必要对燃气涡轮发动机起动过程的气动稳定性问题进行深入的研究。     

基于QPSO-ELM的某型涡轴发动机起动过程模型辨识

针对解析法建立某型涡轴发动机起动过程模型困难的问题,提出一种基于量子粒子群优化-极限学习机（QPSO-ELM）的某型涡轴发动机起动过程模型数据驱动辨识方法。首先构建基于状态空间法描述的某型涡轴发动机起动过程分段模型,然后结合发动机起动试验数据,采用QPSO-ELM算法对该起动模型进行辨识,试验结果表明：燃气发生器转子转速、发动机输出轴转速和燃气涡轮后温度的辨识结果都良好地逼近了实测数据,最大相对误差的均值分别为1.358%、1.628%和2.195%,满足实际应用的精度需求,并且QPSO-ELM的辨识精度优于极限学习机（ELM）、支持向量机（SVM）和反向传播（BP）神经网络。     

航空燃气涡轮发动机起动性能分析

快速、可靠的起动能力是航空燃气涡轮发动机的最重要的特性之一,影响其起动的因素多而复杂,而航空燃气涡轮发动机宽广的工作范围又给起动控制系统的设计带来了困难。本文根据某型航空燃气涡轮发动机起动试验过程中的情况,通过数字仿真和试验数据,综合分析了影响起动性能的各种因素。      

基于燃气射流冷凝的氧路系统频率特性研究

基于热力学不平衡两流体六方程模型模拟了液氧煤油补燃循环发动机燃气射流在氧路系统泵间管路液氧流体中的冷凝过程，获得了燃气射流冷凝特征参数沿管路流向的分布规律。根据Rayleigh-Plesset方程和燃气射流特性建立了泵间管路燃气冷凝过程的传递函数模型，并与氧路管路、泵等组件模型联立求解，分析了发动机氧路系统频率特性。研究了在不同氧路入口压力和液氧温度边界条件下，泵间管路燃气射流冷凝过程对氧路系统频率特性的影响，仿真结果表明高入口压力和过冷液氧改变了射流气体的惯性和柔度，使得氧路系统特征频率增大。不同边界条件下发动机热试车结果表明，提高氧路入口压力或降低液氧温度使得氧路系统频率从8.3 Hz提高至11 Hz，与数值仿真结果一致，验证了泵间管燃气射流冷凝过程是影响氧路系统频率特性的重要环节。     

大推力氢氧发动机瞬态特性研究

以大推力氢氧火箭发动机为研究对象,对其瞬态特性进行了研究。根据模块化的建模和仿真思想,建立了发动机各组件的动态数学模型,开发了发动机系统各组件的仿真模块,开展了发动机动态特性仿真分析与起动时序试验研究。仿真结果表明,推力室氧阀采用25%初级与100%全开的双开度形式,氧涡轮侧设置10%分流流量的燃气分流阀,燃气发生器在火药启动器工作至70%~80%时间段点火的系统优化配置方案,有利于控制发动机点火起动混合比,提高起动可靠性。通过添加故障因子,当涡轮效率由于故障从0.29降至0.19时,发动机工况降至故障前的78%工况,当效率降至0.06时,发动机工况降至故障前20%工况,发动机故障仿真结果与地面试验故障结果吻合较好,有利于故障分析定位。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.