综合孔径辐射计偏微分方程近场图像反演算法

针对综合孔径辐射计傅里叶变换成像算法在近场条件下失效的问题,提出了一种基于局部自适应偏微分方程的精确数值图像反演算法.该反演算法根据待反演亮温图像的局部特征,在图像背景区域进行各向同性扩散来抑制噪声,在图像目标区域进行自适应扩散来保持图像边缘细节.近场仿真结果表明,该算法有效地降低了可视度测量噪声对亮温图像反演的影响.用一套8 mm波段二维综合孔径辐射计BHU-2D-U进行了成像实验,实验结果证明了该近场图像反演算法的有效性.      

一种综合孔径微波辐射计成像处理算法

综合孔径成像是基于干涉仪成像原理实现的一种成像方式,其通过对干涉测量结果进行逆傅里叶变换得到场景的亮温分布,利用小波增强去噪算法在时域和频域同时对图像进行处理,增强需求信息抑制非必要信息,并附加特定的窗函数滤除杂波,提高重建的微波辐射计图像的清晰度和平滑感。采用盲解卷的Lorentzian超分辨率算法提高成像的分辨力,较好的解决了天线口面尺寸与分辨力矛盾的问题。     

一种综合孔径微波辐射计成像处理算法

综合孔径成像是基于干涉仪成像原理实现的一种成像方式,其通过对干涉测量结果进行逆傅里叶变换得到场景的亮温分布,利用小波增强去噪算法在时域和频域同时对图像进行处理,增强需求信息抑制非必要信息,并附加特定的窗函数滤除杂波,提高重建的微波辐射计图像的清晰度和平滑感。采用盲解卷的Lorentzian超分辨率算法提高成像的分辨力,较好的解决了天线口面尺寸与分辨力矛盾的问题。     

基于Stolt插值的近场三维雷达合成孔径成像

提出了一种准单站模式雷达以步进频方式工作条件下微波三维全息成像算法,克服了传统成像算法要求远场条件的限制,通过对雷达接收目标回波数据进行合成孔径处理,提高了雷达成像的分辨力以及雷达对目标的探测能力.采用一种新的Stolt插值实现方法,提高插值精度、减少插值的计算时间,通过插值,可以利用快速傅里叶变换来实现目标三维图像的快速重构.给出了实验和模拟目标的三维图像重构结果,表明基于该插值方式的三维图像重构算法可以重构出目标的三维像,实现对目标的探测并具有良好的分辨率.      

基于菲涅耳变换的不变矩提取及目标识别方法

提出了一种基于菲涅耳变换的不变矩特征提取方法,并应用于图像目标识别.利用菲涅耳变换得到图像的衍射图样,将图像映射到菲涅耳衍射空间;在衍射空间提取几何矩或正交矩来获取图像全局信息的特征描述;利用k近邻法识别目标.实验结果表明基于菲涅耳变换的不变矩提取方法对于平移、尺度及旋转变化的图像目标具有更高的分类精度和抗噪声能力.     

TDI-CCD遥感图像条带噪声的消除

针对TDI-CCD遥感图像固有条带噪声的灰度值在原始信息中变化比较缓慢的特 点及小波变换对奇异点检测的优越性, 提出了一种快速傅里叶变换和小波变换 相结合的方法来确定条带噪声频率点所在的位置, 采用改进的陷波滤波器对条 带噪声的频率成分进行消除. 另外, 提出一种基于提升小波变换的改进阈值 函数法, 用以消除图像的条带噪声. 实验结果表明, 在消除条带噪声方面, 改 进的陷波法优于改进的阈值函数法, 而改进的阈值函数法优于硬阈值函数和软 阈值函数法. 利用改进的陷波法消除条带噪声后, 图像的质量得到提高, 其PSNR达到46.4181dB, NMSE减小到0.00007, 相对基于提升小波变换的 几种阈值函数法, PSNR提高了3～4dB, 而NMSE则减小了 0.00007～0.00011. 本文提出的方法能较好地消除遥感图像的条带噪声, 同时能够较好地保持原图像的特征, 具有可行性.      

太阳X-EUV成像望远镜波长选择装置

太阳X射线-极紫外射线(X-EUV,X rays-Extreme Ultraviolet)成像望远镜是我国专门服务于空间天气预报研究的太阳短波成像监测仪器,望远镜工作在0.4~10 nm的X射线波段和19.5 nm的极紫外谱段,能够提供全日面、高分辨率的成像观测.波长选择装置是该望远镜的一个重要子系统,可以增强望远镜动态响应范围,有助于获取更多的反演日冕等离子体参数,这些参数可用来诊断日冕活动.该装置的运动控制具有低功耗的特点,能够满足空间应用环境的特殊要求.其中,步进电机精位置控制是设计的重点,有2种光电编码矩阵可以用于位置检测,从工程可实现角度优选出其中一种,并且从工程可靠性角度分析了该光电编码矩阵的故障模式,提出了在轨故障处理的预案.      

数字全息粒子图像测速技术研究

 通过全息照相及再现的理论分析,进行了数字全息计算机数值模拟,利用快速傅里叶变换技术(FFT)对拍摄到的干涉条纹进行了图像复频域的信号分析,实现了数字全息的复频域滤波技术和全息图的小景深再现技术,应用于数字全息粒子图像测速DHPIV(Digital Holography Particle Image Velocimetry)技术.并对立方体对角复杂流动流场进行了试验测量,得到了空间中的三维速度向量场分布,进而得到了三维流线的空间分布,实现了具有时间序列全流场三维空间的三维速度场测量.     

有限长Ramanujan-Fourier快速变换及频率估计

近来出现的Ramnujan-Fourier变换(RFT,Ramanujan Fourier Transformation)是以"Ramanujan和"为基向量的算术变换,该变换可提供分数频率分辨力.首先分析了有限长Ramanujan频谱特点,给出了基向量分布情况,推导了该变换的快速算法,比较了有限长RFT与快速傅里叶变换的乘法计算量;其次,给出了利用RFT的递归峰值检测频率估计算法,并分析了RFT的频率分辨率和适用特点,在非高斯噪声条件下,仿真比较了RFT与傅里叶变换对信号进行频率估计的性能,得到在信噪比为-20 dB的非高斯噪声情况下,频率估计的归一化均方误差可以达到 10-3.      

天基X射线掠入射式成像望远镜发展现状

阐述了太阳X射线成像观测在空间天气预报中的地位和作用，叙述了掠入射式X射线聚焦成像的基本原理，简要介绍了在轨成功运行的天体X射线成像望远镜和太阳X射线成像望远镜的基本设计和技术指标，并介绍了国内正开发研制的专门服务于空间天气预报的太阳X射线成像望远镜基本设计和主要特点．     

Imaging interplanetary CMEs at radio frequency from solar polar orbit

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) represent a great concentration of mass and energy input into the lower corona. They have come to be recognized as the major driver of physical conditions change in the Sun–Earth system. Consequently, observations of CMEs are important for understanding and ultimately predicting space weather conditions. This paper discusses a proposed mission, the Solar Polar Orbit Radio Telescope (SPORT) mission, which will observe the propagation of interplanetary CMEs to distances of near 0.35 AU from the Sun. The orbit of SPORT is an elliptical solar polar orbit. The inclination angle between the orbit and ecliptic plane should be about 90°. The main payload on board SPORT will be an imaging radiometer working at the meter wavelength band (radio telescope), which can follow the propagation of interplanetary CMEs. The images that are obtained by the radio telescope embody the brightness temperature of the objectives. Due to the very large size required for the antenna aperture of the radio telescope, we adopt interferometric imaging technology to reduce it. Interferometric imaging technology is based on indirect spatial frequency domain measurements plus Fourier transformation. The SPORT spacecraft will also be equipped with a set of optical and in situ measurement instruments such as a EUV solar telescope, a solar wind ion instrument, an energetic particle detector, a magnetometer, a wave detector and a solar radio burst spectrometer.     

The Frequency Agile Solar Radiotelescope

The Frequency Agile Solar Radiotelescope (FASR), a telescope concept currently under study, will be a ground based solar-dedicated radio telescope designed and optimized to produce high resolution, high-fidelity, and high-dynamic-range images over a broad frequency range (0.1–24 GHz). As such, FASR will address an extremely broad science program, including the nature and evolution of coronal magnetic fields, the physics of flares, drivers of space weather, and the quiet Sun. An important goal is to mainstream solar radio observations by providing a number of standard data products for use by the wider solar physics community. The instrument specifications and the key science elements that FASR will address are briefly discussed, as well as several operational issues.     

多谱段全日面极紫外成像仪

在极紫外波段对太阳进行成像观测是研究太阳活动、日冕中等离子体物理特性的重要手段.传统极紫外成像仪或光谱仪无法同时实现高光谱分辨率和大视场的太阳成像.本文设计了一种新型太阳极紫外多谱段成像系统,采用无狭缝光栅分光方式实现了高光谱分辨率和空间分辨率的全日面成像,成像视场可达47',光谱分辨率每像素2×10-3 nm,空间分辨率每像素1.4',全日面时间分辨率优于60s.通过分析谱线的全日面成像图和系统响应,表明成像仪能大范围的观测太阳活动形态演化,为太阳物理研究和空间天气预报提供更完整的观测数据.      

太阳质子事件预报和射电Ⅰ型噪暴

太阳是一个异常活跃的天体,其爆发过程会对地球周围空间环境产生重要影响. 通常,单个高能质子即足以引起飞行器中微电子器件出现异常,因此太阳质子事件预报是空间天气预报的重要内容. 关于预报模型的参数选择尚有值得改进之处. 研究认为,Ⅰ型噪暴与日冕加热磁重联具有密切关系,可以作为预报参数. 通过两个典型太阳爆发事件的详细资料分析,说明了Ⅰ型噪暴与质子事件及CME的相关性.      

Research Progress of Solar Corona and Interplanetary Physics in China: 2010-2012

The scientific objective of solar corona and interplanetary research is the understanding of the various phenomena related to solar activities and their effects on the space environments of the Earth. Great progress has been made in the study of solar corona and interplanetary physics by the Chinese space physics community during the past years. This paper will give a brief report about the latest progress of the corona and interplanetary research in China during the years of 2010?2012. The paper can be divided into the following parts: solar corona and solar wind, CMEICME, magnetic reconnection, energetic particles, space plasma, space weather numerical modeling by 3D SIP-CESE MHD model, space weather prediction methods, and proposed missions. They constitute the abundant content of study for the complicated phenomena that originate from the solar corona, propagate in interplanetary space, and produce geomagnetic disturbances. All these progresses are acquired by the Chinese space physicists, either independently or through international collaborations.      

Introduction to space weather

The solar and interplanetary origin of space weather disturbances, as well as the related magnetospheric dynamics, will be presented. Besides the involved phenomenology in solar–terrestrial physics, some of the main effects of space weather variability concerning mankind in space and at the earth’s surface will also be discussed. The November 2003 event is shown as an example of the solar, interplanetary and magnetospheric aspects of a space weather storm.     

Solar flares: an overview.

This is a survey of solar phenomena and physical models that may be useful for improving forecasts of solar flares and proton storms in interplanetary space. Knowledge of the physical processes that accelerate protons has advanced because of gamma-ray and X-ray observations from the Solar Maximum Mission telescopes. Protons are accelerated at the onset of flares, but the duration of any subsequent proton storm at 1 AU depends on the structure of the interplanetary fields. X-ray images of the solar corona show possible fast proton escape paths. Magnetographs and high-resolution visible-band images show the magnetic field structure near the acceleration region and the heating effects of sunward-directed protons. Preflare magnetic field growth and shear may be the most important clues to the physical processes that generate high energy solar particles. Any dramatic improvement in flare forecasts will require high resolution solar telescopes in space. Several possibilities for improvements in the art of flare forecasting are presented, among them: the use of acoustic tomography to probe for subsurface magnetic fields; a satellite-borne solar magnetograph; and an X-ray telescope to monitor the corona for eruptions.     

Solar physics with the Square Kilometre Array

The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) will be the largest radio telescope ever built, aiming to provide collecting area larger than 1?km². The SKA will have two independent instruments, SKA-LOW comprising of dipoles organized as aperture arrays in Australia and SKA-MID comprising of dishes in South Africa. Currently the phase-1 of SKA, referred to as SKA1, is in its late design stage and construction is expected to start in 2020. Both SKA1-LOW (frequency range of 50–350?MHz) and SKA1-MID Bands 1, 2, and 5 (frequency ranges of 350–1050, 950–1760, and 4600–15,300?MHz, respectively) are important for solar observations. In this paper we present SKA’s unique capabilities in terms of spatial, spectral, and temporal resolution, as well as sensitivity and show that they have the potential to provide major new insights in solar physics topics of capital importance including (i) the structure and evolution of the solar corona, (ii) coronal heating, (iii) solar flare dynamics including particle acceleration and transport, (iv) the dynamics and structure of coronal mass ejections, and (v) the solar aspects of space weather. Observations of the Sun jointly with the new generation of ground-based and space-borne instruments promise unprecedented discoveries.