Optimum time delay detection and tracking

An optimum solution to the time delay tracking problems has been previously achieved by recursively computing the time-delay posterior probability density function (PDF), or time-delay PDF conditioned on knowing all observed data, by numerical means. Any optimum estimate is determined from the posterior PDF. The same approach is extended to an optimum solution for the time delay detection problem with a randomly appearing and disappearing signal. The detector-tracker is suitable for a stand-alone detection and tracking system     

神经网络在广义经典分配问题中的应用

在两节点分布式多传感器系统中,一些航迹关联算法可以化为广义经典分配问题。广义经典分配问题是一个组合优化问题。当目标数目较多时,很难得到问题的最优解,而且其计算量容易呈现指数爆炸现象。文章提出了用Hopfield神经网络和平均场网络解决此问题的方法。仿真结果表明,采用文章提出的人工神经网络模型求解广义经典分配问题,不仅使航迹关联具有较高的关联正确率,而且计算时间不会出现指数爆炸现象。仿真结果还表明,平均场网络相比Hopfield神经网络更易于得到问题的最优解。     

关于E．O．Q．公式的一点改进

经济订购批量公式（E．0．Q．公式）是管理学中很重要的一个公式，但其假设条件中却有“存储空间无限大”这一条件不符合的实际条件这一问题，针对此问题提出了改进方案：扩大投资，建设新的存储空间，存储物品。针对这种方案建立了总平均费用存储模型，并讨论模型的适用条件，得出其在总平均费用最小条件下的最优解。     

Stabilization of a Satellite via Specific Optimum Control

The Optimum Stabilization of a tumbling satellite via Hamilton-Jacobi theory has been reported by one of the authors before in ?On the optimum stabilization of a satellite? [2]. This companion paper discusses the synthesis of a specific optimum control law for the same problem and compares the results with the optimum solution. It is shown that a specific optimum control law yields, acceptable performance while being much easier to instrument than the optimum control law.     

基于SVR选择性集成的机场噪声预测模型研究

机场噪声预测对机场规划设计、航班计划制定以及机场噪声控制具有十分重要的作用。针对机场周围各个监测点上的单飞行事件进行噪声预测。由于机场噪声数据的复杂性,用单一的SVR方法对其预测往往得出局部优化结果,不能达到理想的预测效果,针对这一问题,提出一种基于SVR选择性集成的机场噪声预测方法,通过Adaboost方法对机场噪声数据进行采样训练得到多个SVR预测模型,并结合一种排序方法对预测模型进行选择集成得到最终机场噪声预测值,取得了较好的预测效果。     

平均场网络在航迹关联中的应用

在多节点分布式多传感器融合系统中,航迹关联问题可以化为多维分配问题。多维分配问题是一个典型的组合优化问题,很难得到问题的最优解,而且其计算量会随着问题维数和目标数的增加容易呈现指数爆炸现象。在二维平均场人工神经网络的基础上提出了一种三维平均场网络模型用于解决此三维分配问题。仿真结果表明,该人工神经网络模型,能够有效解决多维分配问题,具有较高的关联正确率,当目标数不是很多时,可满足工程上的要求。另外,提出的三维网络模型可以推广到多维情况用于解决多维分配问题。     

Clutter Suppression by Complex Weighting of Coherent Pulse Trains

Uniform coherent pulse trains offer a practical solution to the problem of designing a radar signal possessing both high range and range-rate resolution. The Doppler sensitivity provides some rejection of off-Doppler (clutter) returns in the matched filter receiver. This paper considers the use of a processor in which members of the received pulse train are selectively weighted in amplitude and phase to improve clutter suppression. The techniques described are particularly suitable for rejecting interference entering the processor through ambiguous responses (range sidelobes) of the signal. The complex weights which are derived are optimum in the sense that they produce the maximum clutter suppression for a given detection efficiency. In determining these weights, it is assumed that the distribution of clutter in range and range rate relative to targets of interest is known. Thus, clutter suppression is achieved by reducing the sidelobe levels in specified regions of the receiver response. These techniques are directly applicable to array antennas; the analogous antenna problem would be to reduce sidelobe levels in a particular sector while preserving gain. Complex weighting is most successful when the clutter is limited in both range and velocity.     

Dynamics of a discretely reinforced cylindrical shell under live load

This study proposes an approximate solution to a contact problem of dynamic deformation of a cyclically symmetrical discretely ring-stiffened cylindrical shell, the side surface of which is subjected to an evenly distributed inertia live load. The solution of the problem assumes the quasistatic mode of deformation of the structure. Several critical velocities of the live load have been found. A number of examples are presented.     

一种新的单机场地面等待问题优化算法

对单机场地面等待问题提出了一种新的启发式动态优化算法。该方法通过对时间分段，添加飞机是否起飞标志量，分步计算地面延迟和空中延迟，递推求解，从而达到缩小每次求解规模的目的。采用实际数据，仿真验证了所提出的模型和算法的有效性。还给出了一种简便的近似解算法。     

Application of the Conjugate Gradient Method to a Problem on Minimum Time Orbit Transfer

This correspondence considers the problem of optimally controlling the thrust steering angle of an ion-propelled spaceship so as to effect a minimum time coplanar orbit transfer from the mean orbital distance of Earth to mean Martian and Venusian orbital distances. This problem has been modelled as a free terminal time-optimal control problem with unbounded control variable and with state variable equality constraints at the final time. The problem has been solved by the penalty function approach, using the conjugate gradient algorithm. In general, the optimal solution shows a significant departure from earlier work. In particular, the optimal control in the case of Earth-Mars orbit transfer, during the initial phase of the spaceship's flight, is found to be negative, resulting in the motion of the spaceship within the Earth's orbit for a significant fraction of the total optimized orbit transfer time. Such a feature exhibited by the optimal solution has not been reported at all by earlier investigators of this problem.     

几何规划在飞机总体设计中的应用

系统地讨论了代数多项式的算术－ 几何均值定理,并对原型几何规划理论作出了简明的推导与分析。提出了具有缩并迭代特性的几何规划求解理论和编程步骤。还用２ 个工程设计的优化求解算例来说明这种缩并迭代几何规划优化求解特点和优点。例１ 显示了几何规划的工程实用性和简易性;例２ 通过轻型飞机总体方案参数优化,说明所提出的优化方法,可随设计人员思路的变动而得到及时地相适应。     

冲压发动机导弹爬升轨迹与推力调节规律优化

针对以冲压发动机为动力的导弹爬升问题,建立了飞行轨迹和推力规律一体化优化设计模型。采用基于三次样条的直接离散方法,将弹道优化问题转化为参数优化问题,选取兼顾全局搜索能力和局部搜索精度的粒子群-变尺度法(PSO-BFGS)串联混合算法求解最省燃料爬升弹道,得到了"先减速再加速"爬升方案。相比传统的采用最大推力规律、仅优化爬升轨迹的爬升方案,一体化设计能充分发挥冲压发动机的推力调节能力,使导弹以较小的平均飞行速度完成爬升过程,可以显著节省燃耗,提高导弹的性能。     

Analysis of generalized guidance laws for homing missiles

It is shown that the optimal guidance problem can be handled as a Bolza-type problem which can be solved by straightforward calculation. The solution proves to be different from that given by Yang, et al. (1989) and is verified to be a minimum performance index solution. Also presented is an alternate unified approach to the solution of the nonlinear system of differential equation of the generalized proportional navigation law discussed earlier by Yang, et al. This unified equation has been solved for all the different cases of proportional navigation for which closed-form solutions have been published by earlier authors     

溴酸钾-甲基红催化分光光度法测定水体中亚硝酸盐的研究

对水中亚硝酸盐的测定方法——溴酸钾-甲基红催化分光光度法进行了研究。通过单因素实验和正交实验,得出测定的最佳条件为：向两只比色管中分别加入4．0mlH3PO4、2．6ml甲基红、4．5ml KBrO3溶液,向其中一只加入2ml的NO2-标准液,然后均置于80℃水浴中加热15min。取出后用流水冷却至室温,在波长518nm处用1cm的比色皿,以水作参比,分别测量吸光度。该法的测定范围为：0．2～20μg／ml。     

偏置式Delta并联机构的运动学分析

 具有3 个平移自由度的Delta 并联机构因所有运动副均采用转动铰链而愈来愈引起研究者的重视。偏置量的存在虽降低了加工、制造、装配的难度,但其运动学分析的难度大大增加。本文利用消元法对偏置式Delta 并联机构的正逆运动学进行了深入分析,求出了所有数值解。并采用几何图解法验证了位置正逆解的正确性。在运动学分析过程中引入了矢量分析,使得消元法求解过程十分简便。通过偏置式Delta 并联机构的运动学分析可以证明,某些观点并不准确。     

A Technique for Shortening Landing Run Distance of an Aircraft by Symmetrical Deflection of Split Elevator and Rudder

In this work, we investigate an application of symmetrical deflection of the split elevators and rudder up to 45 degrees to function as air-brakes during landing run for shortening its distance. A computational analysis for the landing run under standard atmospheric conditions is conducted. The effect of the proposed solution on the aircraft structure and performance was studied.     

Optimum Signal and Filter Design in Underwater Acoustic Echo Ranging Systems

Optimization of the filter, the signal, and the signal and filter jointly are studied in the sonar environment under noise and reverberation limited conditions. The maximization of the receiver output signal-to-interference ratio is used as a performance criterion with unit energy constraint on both signal and filter. In the filter design problem, the optimum filter function is the solution of a linear integral equation. The kernel of the integral equation is a function of the target and medium scattering functions and the reverberation distribution. In the signal design problem, a similar type of integral equation is obtained as in the filter optimization problem. In the joint signal and filter design problem, it is shown that the optimum signal and filter functions are the solutions to a pair of linear integral equations with the largest (SIR)O. Several examples are investigated for different mediums and reverberation distributions with the finite matrix approximation method. An interative technique is used to compute the joint optimization of signal and filter.     

Optimum Realizable Continuous Range Estimation

The ability to detect the presence or absence of a target is no longer the fundamental design criterion when the vehicle to be tracked is cooperative. In spacecraft tracking or navigation systems, for example, emphasis is placed on post-acquisition performance. Therefore, classical radar theory and design techniques are not specifically applicable. On the other hand, there are optimization techniques for extracting the tracking data from noise that are more to the point. In particular, optimum demodulation theory is directed specifically to the problem of continuously extracting data from a nonlinear modulation process. In this paper, the tracking properties of a multitone PM ranging signal are reviewed and are shown to be nearly optimum for cooperative vehicles. An optimum, but nonrealizable, maximum a posteriori (MAP) continuous estimator of range is derived for this signal. The linearized model of this receiver is the optimum nonrealizable Wiener filter for the data. Interpretation of this optimum nonrealizable estimator leads to a receiver design that is both practical and intuitively satisfying. With the aid of post-detection processing in the Wiener-Hopf sense, almost optimum performance is obtained from the resulting receiver, above threshold.     

亚、超音速小侧滑角机翼升力面理论和数值计算方法

本文推导出侧缘与自由流不平行的常值面涡半无限角翼基本解,其特征是从面涡小块背风侧缘拖出的涡不是顺着自由流,而是沿着侧缘拖出,从而克服了用Woodward方法计算侧滑翼绕流中使用对称分划小块的困难,提出了适用于从亚音速直到超音速范围的推广的Woodward方法。本方法将问题分解为若干个对称与反对称问题,大大地节省了计算机内存量或计算时间。本文还从基本方程,或者直接从数值计算方法出发,推导出准相似律。计算结果与精确解以及和其他方法的结果符合得很好。     

An Optimum First-Order Time Delay Tracker

The key to the general estimation problem is the computation ofthe posterior probability density function (PDF) of the desiredparameter, or PDF conditioned on knowing all availableobservations. Any optimum estimate can be computed from this PDF. The theory and implementation of a numerical solution ispresented for the computation of the posterior PDF in real time fortime delay tracking with a first-order Markov assumption. Benefitsinclude a lack of threshold effects usually associated with nonlineartrackers as well as theoretically optimum performance.