考虑应力比的疲劳裂纹扩展概率模型

考虑到应力比对疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响及裂纹扩展的分散性,在Paris公式基础上,提出了一种考虑应力比的疲劳裂纹扩展概率模型;运用非线性函数线性化原理给出概率模型参数的求解方法;通过该概率模型和曲面,可从宏观上把握应力比对裂纹扩展的影响规律及得到任意应力比下的概率疲劳裂纹扩展速率曲线;对30CrMnSiNi2A钢试验数据的处理及分析验证了该模型的有效性和实用性.      

孔边裂纹塑性应变疲劳扩展试验研究

简介了循环J积分ΔJ*path体系,以16MnR钢单边椭圆孔边裂纹试件进行了6种循环应力比的恒幅应变疲劳裂纹扩展试验,采用材料应变疲劳循环加载条件下的应力-应变关系,通过弹塑性有限元素法计算ΔJ*path参量,研究了孔边高应变区裂纹塑性应变疲劳扩展规律。结果表明：ΔJ*path能够作为缺口高应变区裂纹塑性应变疲劳扩展的控制参量,与裂纹扩展速率da/dN之间的指数关系,可通过相同材料的标准试件应力疲劳裂纹扩展由Paris公式与ΔJ*path=ΔK2/E转换得到。     

应力强度因子变程相关的FGH97蠕变-疲劳裂纹扩展主导因素

利用扫描电镜对FGH97试件在750℃,应力比为0.05,不同保载时间和应力强度因子变程处的断口微观特征进行了观察,发现保载时间为90s时,随着应力强度因子变程提高,疲劳条带特征逐渐消失,可忽略疲劳载荷作用的应力强度因子变程值位于中等水平处;保载时间为450s和1500s时可忽略疲劳载荷作用的应力强度因子变程值更低.基于包含蠕变-疲劳交互项的3项式模型,引入时间相关和循环相关分量对蠕变-疲劳裂纹扩展试验数据进行了分析,发现不同保载时间下,时间相关分量与循环相关分量对总的裂纹扩展速率的贡献量与应力强度因子变程水平有关.基于分析结果,给出了时间相关裂纹扩展速率描述模型,并讨论了不同保载时间下影响裂纹扩展主导因素的应力强度因子变程值.      

预循环应力对材料断裂力学性能“锻炼”效应的影响

对服役多年的高速列车用7N01铝合金材料进行疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验,其对数坐标系中的疲劳裂纹扩展速率da/d N与应力强度因子ΔK的关系呈折线形式。与未服役材料对比,在裂纹扩展初期阶段,裂纹扩展速率降低。选取两种原始铝合金材料进行107次预循环应力作用后的疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验,研究低于疲劳极限的预循环应力对材料断裂力学性能的影响。结果表明:经预循环应力作用的材料,其da/d N与ΔK的关系曲线在裂纹扩展初期(对应于低应力强度因子阶段)均出现折转现象。对试验数据的回归分析表明:预循环应力的作用使得材料的断裂力学性能有所提高,预循环应力对材料产生"锻炼"效应。     

基于ABAQUS/Franc3D的孔边疲劳裂纹扩展分析

为了研究孔边疲劳裂纹扩展规律,联合有限元建模软件ABAQUS和断裂力学分析软件Franc3D对不同角度初始孔边裂纹扩展过程进行仿真,得出应力强度因子的变化趋势,并对孔边裂纹在随机疲劳载荷作用下的疲劳裂纹扩展过程进行仿真,得出裂纹扩展长度-载荷循环次数(a-N)曲线。结果表明:在疲劳载荷作用下与水平方向夹角越小的初始裂纹扩展速率越大,结构剩余寿命越短。联合仿真方式为飞机损伤容限设计和评估结构剩余寿命提供一种分析方法。     

玻璃纤维增强铝合金层合板疲劳性能试验研究

纤维增强金属层板兼具复合材料和金属材料的优点,是理想的民机结构备选材料.本文对玻璃纤维增强铝合金层合板在不同应力比下裂纹萌生及疲劳裂纹扩展性能进行了试验、测试和分析,获得了不同应力比及应力幅值对疲劳裂纹萌生和疲劳裂纹扩展的影响规律,给出了纤维增强铝合金层合板(FML)在疲劳载荷作用下疲劳特性,对此类材料的设计及应用有一定参考价值.     

镍基高温合金的蠕变—疲劳交互作用行为及寿命预测

通过进行具有拉伸保持、压缩保持和拉－压保持的全反向总应变控制的低周疲劳实验,对镍基高温合金ＧＨ４０４９的蠕变－疲劳交互作用行为进行了系统的研究。结果表明,在较高的总应变幅下,合金首先发生循环应变硬化而后则发生软化直至断裂,而在低的总应变幅下则表现为循环稳定。由于压缩应变保持和拉－压应变保持的介入,合金的疲劳寿命将显著降低,但拉伸应变保持对疲劳寿命的影响则取决于总应变幅。拉伸保持或压缩保持时将分别产生平均压应力或拉应力。扫描电镜断口观察结果表明,裂纹萌生和第Ⅰ阶段的扩展均为穿晶形式,而第Ⅱ阶段的裂纹扩展则主要为沿晶形式。此外,利用线性累积损伤法则对蠕变－疲劳寿命进行了预测。     

双轴载荷下孔边疲劳裂纹的扩展

 在AISI316奥氏体不锈钢制成的十字形带中心孔（圆孔和椭圆孔）试件上进行的双轴载荷疲劳裂纹扩展试验表明:应力双轴性对疲劳裂纹扩展的影响,仅发生在靠近开孔的局部区域内。等双轴应力较单轴应力状态下的裂纹扩展速率减慢,而纯剪切状态下的裂纹扩展速率加快。在孔的影响区之外,所有的结果服从Paris规律,与应力双轴性无关。     

低周载荷对高周裂纹裂尖塑性区的影响

为探明高低周复合疲劳裂纹扩展中高低周载荷交互作用机理,采用弹塑性有限元模型模拟了含中心裂纹试件在高低周载荷交互作用下裂尖塑性区的变化.结果表明:低周载荷的卸载作用导致高周载荷对应的裂尖反向塑性区明显减小,裂纹闭合水平也因此降低,进而加速裂纹扩展,致使高低周复合疲劳裂纹扩展寿命降低.在此基础上,对比研究了低周载荷应力比、高周载荷应力比、高低周载荷循环比对裂尖反向塑性区的影响.结果表明:随着低周载荷应力比降低、高周载荷应力比增加,循环比的减少,均导致低周载荷的卸载作用增加.      

定向凝固DZ4合金的低周疲劳行为与稳定循环应力

对定向凝固DZ4合金760℃和800℃下的低周疲劳和稳定循环应力应变行为进行了研究,并结合断口观察试验结果,对其疲劳裂纹的萌生与扩展进行了分析。结果表明,DZ4合金760℃和800℃下的低周疲劳属应力疲劳,其损伤以弹性损伤为主,弹性损伤与疲劳寿命具有很好的相关性。加载频率对DZ4合金760℃和800℃下的稳定循环应力均具有一定的影响,尤其是800℃时,各应变下的稳定循环应力均随加载频率的升高而减小。定向凝固DZ4合金高寿命低周疲劳裂纹易于萌生于试样内部或亚表面的柱状晶界,其疲劳裂纹的稳定扩展也较难形成典型的疲劳条带。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。