大展弦比前掠翼气动隐身多目标优化

前掠翼布局优越的气动性能为无人机气动布局设计提供了一条新的方向。采用CST方法对翼型几何外形进行参数化描述,实现前掠翼气动和隐身多学科优化设计模型的参数化描述。建立了基于N-S方程的计算流体力学方法的前掠翼气动分析模型和基于矩量法的计算电磁学方法的前掠翼隐身分析模型。提出了基于Kriging模型的前掠翼气动隐身多目标优化方法,采用拉丁超方试验设计方法获取样本点,建立前掠翼气动和隐身的Kriging代理模型。将Pareto多目标遗传算法与Kriging代理模型结合进行大展弦比前掠翼的气动隐身多目标优化设计。研究结果表明,所建立的分析模型是合理的,所提出的多目标优化设计方法是可行的,能够有效提高大展弦比前掠翼性能与优化效率。     

飞翼布局无人机气动/隐身综合性能分析

为了分析飞翼布局无人机气动/隐身综合性能,将KD树结构的基本思想与射线跟踪法结合,计算了X-45C,X-47A,X-47B三种飞翼式无人机RCS;将CFD技术与逆向蒙特卡洛方法相结合,计算了无人机蒙皮红外辐射强度;基于灰色系统理论,运用灰关联度模型建立了无人机雷达隐身-红外隐身-气动性能综合性能评判方法。结果表明:X-45C气动/隐身总体性能最好;X-47B由于外翼段的存在,保证其低速状态下的高升阻比特性以及较优的气动特性;低马赫数大迎角飞行时,X-47B的气动性能是最好的。     

高效粒子群算法研究及飞翼无人机气动隐身优化设计

针对飞翼布局无人机气动隐身多目标优化设计问题,以无人机翼面为设计对象,开展气动、隐身多目标优化设计研究。采用FFD方法实现飞翼布局的参数化表达;分别采用基于雷诺平均N-S方程的计算流体力学方法(CFD)及大面元物理光学法(LEPO)配合一致性几何绕射理论(UTD)计算边缘绕射场的RCS分析方法计算飞翼布局无人机的气动、隐身性能;选择结合基于动态超体积期望改善(EHVI)加点的动态Kriging代理模型与ASMOPSO算法的高效多目标粒子群算法对飞翼布局无人机进行综合寻优设计研究。在较少的调用真实目标函数的情况下,获得了比较优秀的Pareto前沿,通过对所选解的分析比较可知优化后的飞翼布局无人机在气动及隐身方面均优于原始构型。     

飞翼无人机3种保形进气口进气道气动与隐身综合特性对比

基于飞翼布局无人机隐身与结构装载布置要求,保形设计了3种进气口形状的背负式S弯进气道,按照进口投影截面形状上、下底之比顺序排列,分别为三角形、梯形和矩形.利用数值模拟方法对无人机内外流场耦合流动进行计算分析,且基于射线弹跳(SBR)法对进气道电磁散射特性进行仿真研究,获得了飞翼无人机3种进气道的气动与隐身综合特性.研究结果表明:①矩形进气道模型升阻和纵向力矩特性表现均最好;②3种 进气道模型按顺序排列总压恢复系数逐渐增大,畸变指数逐渐减小,进气道沿程气流也逐渐顺畅,矩形进气道模型进气道内流特性最优;③0°迎角下3种进气道模型雷达散射截面(RCS)均值基本呈现先增大后减小的特征,进气道终端开放时矩形进气道模型隐身性能最好,而终端短路时三角形进气道模型隐身效果更优异.      

飞翼无人机平面外形气动隐身优化设计

对一种双后掠飞翼布局隐身无人机(UAV)平面外形,基于参数化模型和网格自动划分技术,采用气动无黏/黏性数值求解模型和隐身工程评估方法结合单/多目标优化算法,在给定的变量设计空间中完成了气动隐身综合优化设计研究。通过多目标优化给出了布局气动升阻性能相对隐身性能的最优设计边界,指出了外形气动与隐身设计之间存在的冲突关系,即一方性能提升必会使另一方性能降低,不存在双方同时最优的解,飞翼外形设计时需要在气动与隐身间进行权衡折中。计算表明,在飞翼布局外形优化中应采用精度高的黏性气动计算模型。所建立的气动隐身一体化优化设计方法,为飞翼布局无人机外形精细设计奠定了基础。     

隐身性能约束的多目标气动外形优化设计

从飞机外形设计的总体、气动和隐身设计要求出发,根据多目标优化的基本概念,将Pareto方法与遗传优化搜索相结合,并采用了群体排序、基于共享机制的小生境技术和Pareto解集过滤器等技术使解集具有良好分布特性,在此基础上建立了一套可满足飞行器外形气动/隐身一体化综合优化设计优化模型和优化方法。文中针对飞行器外形优化设计要求,提出了复杂外形参数化和设计变量的选取原则。并根据某飞行器设计要求,进行了在以隐身特性为约束条件下,以亚声速和超声速气动特性为设计目标的飞行器外形综合优化设计,取得了良好的优化设计结果。     

隐身无人机进、排气系统的综合设计

进、排气系统的综合设计对无人机的气动和隐身特性至关重要,涉及到计算流体力学、风洞试验、结构动力计算和隐身特性计算等多个学科,对这些学科进行综合设计,得到最优化的方案是无人机设计的重要目标。本文结合瑞典防务研究局（FOI）某无人机方案的进、排气系统综合设计方法,对隐身无人机的进、排气系统发展方向进行分析和思考。     

装载约束下飞翼布局气动与隐身综合设计

基于飞翼布局大鼓包式机身,在装载布置约束下开展了气动与隐身综合设计,提出了一种机身低鼓包和双鼓包模型。结合可靠的CFD和隐身计算方法,初步探索了低鼓包和双鼓包气动与隐身特性及机理。结果表明:双鼓包模型极大地降低了全机纵向基本气动性能,但在大迎角时会推迟外翼段前缘分离,对外翼气动特性有一定改善;低鼓包与双鼓包模型整体上RCS差异较小,但双鼓包模型侧向隐身性能更优异。     

基于直接力控制的阵风响应及阵风减缓研究

考察某无人机模型的阵风气动响应特性和基于直接力操纵的阵风减缓效果.在求解非定常Euler方程时引入“网格速度”方法模拟阵风边界条件,通过动态嵌套网格技术实现舵面运动.首先对NACA0006翼型迎角阶跃型阵风的气动力响应进行了验证计算,计算结果与理论结果、文献计算结果吻合良好.在此基础上对某无人机模型在迎角阶跃型、One-minus-cosine型阵风作用下的气动力响应过程进行了数值模拟,并分析评估了不同舵面运动方式对飞机气动性能的影响.最终研究比较了不同舵面运动方式下阵风气动响应的减缓效果.结果表明:通过合理设计舵面运动,可以有效达到抑制阵风引起的非定常气动干扰的目的.     

某飞翼布局隐身飞行器的翼型优化

对某飞翼布局无人机的翼型进行考虑隐身迎角的气动、隐身综合优化研究。采用基于非均匀有理B样条曲线的自由变形方法实现翼型的参数化表达;无限插值动网格方法生成气动求解的计算网格;分别采用基于雷诺平均N—S方程求解的计算流体力学方法及物理光学法计算翼型的气动、隐身性能;选择多目标遗传算法进行综合寻优设计研究。优化翼型兼顾了气动与隐身的要求,其综合性能优于原翼型。结果表明,方法具有较好的实用性。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.