大展弦比前掠翼气动隐身多目标优化

前掠翼布局优越的气动性能为无人机气动布局设计提供了一条新的方向。采用CST方法对翼型几何外形进行参数化描述,实现前掠翼气动和隐身多学科优化设计模型的参数化描述。建立了基于N-S方程的计算流体力学方法的前掠翼气动分析模型和基于矩量法的计算电磁学方法的前掠翼隐身分析模型。提出了基于Kriging模型的前掠翼气动隐身多目标优化方法,采用拉丁超方试验设计方法获取样本点,建立前掠翼气动和隐身的Kriging代理模型。将Pareto多目标遗传算法与Kriging代理模型结合进行大展弦比前掠翼的气动隐身多目标优化设计。研究结果表明,所建立的分析模型是合理的,所提出的多目标优化设计方法是可行的,能够有效提高大展弦比前掠翼性能与优化效率。     

飞翼布局无人机气动/隐身综合性能分析

为了分析飞翼布局无人机气动/隐身综合性能,将KD树结构的基本思想与射线跟踪法结合,计算了X-45C,X-47A,X-47B三种飞翼式无人机RCS;将CFD技术与逆向蒙特卡洛方法相结合,计算了无人机蒙皮红外辐射强度;基于灰色系统理论,运用灰关联度模型建立了无人机雷达隐身-红外隐身-气动性能综合性能评判方法。结果表明:X-45C气动/隐身总体性能最好;X-47B由于外翼段的存在,保证其低速状态下的高升阻比特性以及较优的气动特性;低马赫数大迎角飞行时,X-47B的气动性能是最好的。     

高效粒子群算法研究及飞翼无人机气动隐身优化设计

针对飞翼布局无人机气动隐身多目标优化设计问题,以无人机翼面为设计对象,开展气动、隐身多目标优化设计研究。采用FFD方法实现飞翼布局的参数化表达;分别采用基于雷诺平均N-S方程的计算流体力学方法(CFD)及大面元物理光学法(LEPO)配合一致性几何绕射理论(UTD)计算边缘绕射场的RCS分析方法计算飞翼布局无人机的气动、隐身性能;选择结合基于动态超体积期望改善(EHVI)加点的动态Kriging代理模型与ASMOPSO算法的高效多目标粒子群算法对飞翼布局无人机进行综合寻优设计研究。在较少的调用真实目标函数的情况下,获得了比较优秀的Pareto前沿,通过对所选解的分析比较可知优化后的飞翼布局无人机在气动及隐身方面均优于原始构型。     

飞翼无人机3种保形进气口进气道气动与隐身综合特性对比

基于飞翼布局无人机隐身与结构装载布置要求,保形设计了3种进气口形状的背负式S弯进气道,按照进口投影截面形状上、下底之比顺序排列,分别为三角形、梯形和矩形.利用数值模拟方法对无人机内外流场耦合流动进行计算分析,且基于射线弹跳(SBR)法对进气道电磁散射特性进行仿真研究,获得了飞翼无人机3种进气道的气动与隐身综合特性.研究结果表明:①矩形进气道模型升阻和纵向力矩特性表现均最好;②3种 进气道模型按顺序排列总压恢复系数逐渐增大,畸变指数逐渐减小,进气道沿程气流也逐渐顺畅,矩形进气道模型进气道内流特性最优;③0°迎角下3种进气道模型雷达散射截面(RCS)均值基本呈现先增大后减小的特征,进气道终端开放时矩形进气道模型隐身性能最好,而终端短路时三角形进气道模型隐身效果更优异.      

飞翼无人机平面外形气动隐身优化设计

对一种双后掠飞翼布局隐身无人机(UAV)平面外形,基于参数化模型和网格自动划分技术,采用气动无黏/黏性数值求解模型和隐身工程评估方法结合单/多目标优化算法,在给定的变量设计空间中完成了气动隐身综合优化设计研究。通过多目标优化给出了布局气动升阻性能相对隐身性能的最优设计边界,指出了外形气动与隐身设计之间存在的冲突关系,即一方性能提升必会使另一方性能降低,不存在双方同时最优的解,飞翼外形设计时需要在气动与隐身间进行权衡折中。计算表明,在飞翼布局外形优化中应采用精度高的黏性气动计算模型。所建立的气动隐身一体化优化设计方法,为飞翼布局无人机外形精细设计奠定了基础。     

隐身性能约束的多目标气动外形优化设计

从飞机外形设计的总体、气动和隐身设计要求出发,根据多目标优化的基本概念,将Pareto方法与遗传优化搜索相结合,并采用了群体排序、基于共享机制的小生境技术和Pareto解集过滤器等技术使解集具有良好分布特性,在此基础上建立了一套可满足飞行器外形气动/隐身一体化综合优化设计优化模型和优化方法。文中针对飞行器外形优化设计要求,提出了复杂外形参数化和设计变量的选取原则。并根据某飞行器设计要求,进行了在以隐身特性为约束条件下,以亚声速和超声速气动特性为设计目标的飞行器外形综合优化设计,取得了良好的优化设计结果。     

隐身无人机进、排气系统的综合设计

进、排气系统的综合设计对无人机的气动和隐身特性至关重要,涉及到计算流体力学、风洞试验、结构动力计算和隐身特性计算等多个学科,对这些学科进行综合设计,得到最优化的方案是无人机设计的重要目标。本文结合瑞典防务研究局（FOI）某无人机方案的进、排气系统综合设计方法,对隐身无人机的进、排气系统发展方向进行分析和思考。     

装载约束下飞翼布局气动与隐身综合设计

基于飞翼布局大鼓包式机身,在装载布置约束下开展了气动与隐身综合设计,提出了一种机身低鼓包和双鼓包模型。结合可靠的CFD和隐身计算方法,初步探索了低鼓包和双鼓包气动与隐身特性及机理。结果表明:双鼓包模型极大地降低了全机纵向基本气动性能,但在大迎角时会推迟外翼段前缘分离,对外翼气动特性有一定改善;低鼓包与双鼓包模型整体上RCS差异较小,但双鼓包模型侧向隐身性能更优异。     

基于直接力控制的阵风响应及阵风减缓研究

考察某无人机模型的阵风气动响应特性和基于直接力操纵的阵风减缓效果.在求解非定常Euler方程时引入“网格速度”方法模拟阵风边界条件,通过动态嵌套网格技术实现舵面运动.首先对NACA0006翼型迎角阶跃型阵风的气动力响应进行了验证计算,计算结果与理论结果、文献计算结果吻合良好.在此基础上对某无人机模型在迎角阶跃型、One-minus-cosine型阵风作用下的气动力响应过程进行了数值模拟,并分析评估了不同舵面运动方式对飞机气动性能的影响.最终研究比较了不同舵面运动方式下阵风气动响应的减缓效果.结果表明:通过合理设计舵面运动,可以有效达到抑制阵风引起的非定常气动干扰的目的.     

某飞翼布局隐身飞行器的翼型优化

对某飞翼布局无人机的翼型进行考虑隐身迎角的气动、隐身综合优化研究。采用基于非均匀有理B样条曲线的自由变形方法实现翼型的参数化表达;无限插值动网格方法生成气动求解的计算网格;分别采用基于雷诺平均N—S方程求解的计算流体力学方法及物理光学法计算翼型的气动、隐身性能;选择多目标遗传算法进行综合寻优设计研究。优化翼型兼顾了气动与隐身的要求,其综合性能优于原翼型。结果表明,方法具有较好的实用性。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.