基于舵面控制的外挂物分离仿真方法研究

基于舵面控制的外挂物分离仿真是一个典型的多学科耦合问题,需要对其气动性能、飞行性能和控制性能综合进行分析。本文主要围绕数值仿真中计算流体力学（CFD）和控制方程与刚体动力学（RBD）方程的耦合求解、高效嵌套网格技术、耦合飞行控制系统（FCS）的气动/运动/控制的多学科耦合仿真的三个关键技术进行研究。针对以上技术难点,发展了一套基于舵面控制的外挂物分离仿真方法。仿真结果表明,通过舵面控制,有效改善了外挂物在分离过程中的姿态变化剧烈的现象,提升了分离安全性与分离品质;发展的基于舵面控制的外挂物分离仿真方法能够处理复杂运动边界的非定常问题,检验飞行控制律,具有一定的工程价值。     

飞行器外挂投放数值模拟

采用非结构重叠网格Euler方程的CFD方法数值模拟了外挂投放。该方法在重叠网格"挖洞"时,以"离壁面距离"为挖洞判据;在建立重叠区域插值关系时,对Neighbor to Neighbor(N2N)和Alternating Digital Tree(ADT)两种方法的效率进行了比较。采用机翼/挂架/带舵外挂物模型开展了验证计算。在此基础上,完成了某飞行器外挂投放的初步计算。     

基于非结构动网格的非定常流数值模拟方法

给出了基于非结构动网格的非定常流动问题的数值模拟方法,重点说明两种动态非结构网格方法的原理以及在非定常流模拟中的算法.一种是基于非结构网格的重叠网格方法,该方法结合了非结构网格方法和重叠网格方法的优点,以物面距为准则参数对网格节点进行分类,进而建立重叠网格的网格问插值关系,通过采用动态非结构重叠网格算法,可以处理多体间...     

混合网格方法在栅格翼数值模拟中的应用研究

栅格翼是采用一种蜂房结构设计的升力面和控制面,和传统舵面相比具有铰链力矩小、能在较大攻角下保持升力等特点,并得到了越来越广泛的应用。由于栅格尾翼的特殊结构,网格生成具有很大的难度。本文采用了结构、非结构混合网格的办法,在弹体和栅格翼的物面附近区域,生成适合粘性计算的大长宽比的结构网格,弹体网格和栅格翼网格之间采用非结构网格进行填充,满足非结构网格和结构网格交接面的完全对接。本文基于结构/非结构网格体系采用有限体积方法求解NS方程,对不同舵偏角下的栅格翼构形进行了数值模拟,并通过实验结果对数值方法进行了验证。     

钛合金超塑成型/扩散连接舵面颤振设计

钛合金超塑成型/扩散连接结构是一种新型的结构形式。以某型空空导弹舵面结构为实例,对钛合金超塑成型/扩散连接舵面颤振建模和设计进行了研究。采用有限元软件,计算和分析了舵面气动外形、舵面重心对颤振特性的影响,确定了满足导弹颤振裕度要求的舵面结构形式。     

基于闭环控制的带翼导弹虚拟飞行数值模拟

通过耦合求解非定常Navier-Stokes方程、刚体六自由度（6DOF）运动方程及舵偏控制律,发展了一套虚拟飞行数值模拟平台,对基本带翼导弹外形进行了虚拟飞行数值模拟研究。流场求解采用基于结构网格的有限体积法,时间推进采用双时间步法,使用刚性重叠动网格技术模拟舵与弹身的相对运动,采用四阶Runger-Kutta方法求解运动方程组,舵偏控制律采用基于比例-积分-微分（PID）的反馈控制。模拟结果表明：发展的虚拟飞行数值模拟平台能够处理包含复杂运动边界的非定常运动问题,可以为非定常气动力建模提供数据、预示飞行器稳定性及检验飞行控制律,该模拟平台具备一定的工程应用价值。     

基于非结构动态网格的翼型积冰过程数值模拟

讨论了积冰气象条件下翼型积冰过程的非结构动态网格数值模拟方法.外部无黏绕流流场采用基于非结构网格的分布式并行计算技术,空间离散采用VanLeer迎风有限体积格式,时间推进为5步显式龙格-库塔方法.采用四阶龙格-库塔方法求解过冷水滴运动轨迹方程,使用了一种合理、简单的物面水积冰量计算方法,提高了计算效率.使用非结构动态网格技术对积冰后的翼型网格进行快速调整.在对NACA0012翼型积冰形状进行校核验证后,对某型飞机在积冰气象条件下飞行时翼型积冰过程进行了数值模拟,得到了与参考文献结果相符的冰形特性.     

基于非结构重叠网格的螺旋桨滑流非定常数值模拟

基于各向异性非结构混合网格及多套网格重叠技术,通过求解非定常雷诺平均Navier-Stokes(URANS)方程,分别研究了螺旋桨动力特性和螺旋桨滑流对涡桨飞机气动特性影响。运用物面相交准则实现多套网格间的挖洞,采用距离权和三线性插值技术传递重叠区变量信息,并针对定轴旋转优化了网格重叠边界。采用双时间步求解控制方程,内迭代计算采用LU-SGS(lower-upper symmetric Gauss-Seidel)方法。模拟了单独螺旋桨旋转的非定常流动,计算的拉力系数和扭矩系数与试验结果一致,表明采用的数值方法和网格技术能有效模拟螺旋桨滑流效应。数值模拟了某涡桨飞机,对比了有无滑流下飞机的气动特性,给出了滑流对飞机影响。结果表明:滑流导致其后部气流加速和旋转,改变飞机气动特性,增大飞机的阻力和俯仰力矩,导致气流下洗,影响机翼及平尾压力分布。      

基于直接力控制的阵风响应及阵风减缓研究

考察某无人机模型的阵风气动响应特性和基于直接力操纵的阵风减缓效果.在求解非定常Euler方程时引入“网格速度”方法模拟阵风边界条件,通过动态嵌套网格技术实现舵面运动.首先对NACA0006翼型迎角阶跃型阵风的气动力响应进行了验证计算,计算结果与理论结果、文献计算结果吻合良好.在此基础上对某无人机模型在迎角阶跃型、One-minus-cosine型阵风作用下的气动力响应过程进行了数值模拟,并分析评估了不同舵面运动方式对飞机气动性能的影响.最终研究比较了不同舵面运动方式下阵风气动响应的减缓效果.结果表明:通过合理设计舵面运动,可以有效达到抑制阵风引起的非定常气动干扰的目的.     

导弹气动特性在亚跨音速下的风洞试验研究

在导弹的设计过程中,导弹的气动特性作为重要因素直接影响导弹飞行的动态品质。在亚跨音速段气动特性呈现剧烈非线性的情况下,工程估算以及CFD数值计算方法所能提供的气动计算精度有限,导致对舵效特性的辨识精度较低,需要进一步采用风洞试验的方法精确计算气动参数,进而确定导弹的舵效。本文应用风洞试验方法研究导弹飞行马赫数在亚跨音速段对导弹气动特性的影响。研究结果表明：亚音速时导弹的气动特性基本一致,跨音速时发生剧烈的非线性变化;导弹的俯仰舵效先增加后减小,滚转舵效先减小后增大。结论对导弹控制律的设计以及后续的工程型号研制有参考价值。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.