液压直角管路压力波动特性计算与试验对比研究

为了探索液压直角管路内部的瞬态流动特征,熟悉压力波动特性的形成机理,采用大涡模拟方法对某型活门出口处1段直角管路进行数值模拟,捕捉局部涡旋结构的动态特性,并与粒子图像测速和激光多普勒测速试验结果进行对比。结果表明:大涡模拟方法能精确模拟直角管路内部的瞬态速度场,与试验结果吻合较好;在直角拐弯处存在明显的涡旋脱落现象,同时伴随着涡旋诱导的局部低压区域尺度与位置变化,从而导致压力波动问题的产生。     

建筑物顶部锥形涡空间演化的数值模拟

运用通用流体力学计算软件FLUENT,对建筑物表面风荷载问题进行了数值模拟,讨论和分析了采用不同湍流模型获得的结果差异.通过与风洞实验结果的对比,选择了v2-f湍流模型对40°风向角建筑物顶面出现锥形涡现象进行了成功的模拟.进而利用数值模拟的优势给出了典型建筑物顶面锥形涡的空间演化规律及其和侧面脱体涡的相互作用.还获得了锥形涡的演化、强度和位置与建筑物表面压力分布的内在联系.     

浸入边界法模拟小圆柱对主圆柱涡脱落的抑制

使用浸入边界法研究了小圆柱对主圆柱涡脱落的抑制.方法中使用非贴体笛儿尔网格,易于处理包含复杂边界的流动问题.采用离散附加力直接加入边界条件方法对虚单元进行重构,使边界条件在浸入边界上精确满足.使用隐式分步法解二维非定常不可压Navier-Stokes方程,通过速度和压力解耦提高计算效率.数值模拟单圆柱绕流及不同位置小圆柱和主圆柱的流动干扰,通过分析流场涡结构和升、阻力系数,得到小圆柱对主圆柱涡脱落的延迟和抑制作用.计算结果与已有实验结论和数值结果对比,计算误差不超过5%,说明浸入边界法可以简单有效地处理圆柱涡脱落抑制这类流动干扰问题.     

低雷诺数下二维翼型绕流的流场特性分析

采用高精度有限差分格式,对低雷诺数下二维翼型绕流进行了直接数值模拟,计算了雷诺数为1.0×104,NACA0012翼型0°,4°以及10°攻角下的流场。计算结果表明:在0°和4°攻角条件下,翼型绕流尾迹区的统计特性相似,0°攻角下的统计量值具有很好的对称性;在距翼型尾缘0.3弦长以后的尾迹区,旋涡排列成类似涡街的结构,涡量的极值、压力的极小值都位于旋涡中心,沿着流向,涡量极值的绝对值逐渐减小,压力的极小值逐渐增大。10°攻角下,翼型上表面从前缘开始分离,尾迹区统计分析结果所得图象与0°和4°完全不同,数值上较后者结果大;在翼型尾缘处,涡量的卷吸,高压力区域的形成,是旋涡脱落的条件,正向和反向旋涡的交替脱落,形成了类似涡街的结构。      

高雷诺数湍流横侧射流的大涡模拟

采用大涡模拟(LES)方法研究横向主流与壁面射流均为高雷诺数的壁面横侧射流(JICF),采用动态Smagorinsky涡粘模型对亚格子尺度进行封闭。数值模拟结果中,近场和远场的平均速度、均方根值均与实验结果符合很好。瞬时压力等值面在射流迎风侧与射流迹线成正交关系,表明JICF近场迎风涡是由于射流出口上游剪切层Kelvin Helmholtz不稳定性引起的。基于长度尺度RD,Broadwell和Breidenthal提出了射流迹线公式,通过拟合数值模拟结果得到公式中常数A=1.35,B=0.3。采用平均流线、平均场涡量与Q准则分析三维涡旋结构。横向主流遇到射流后发生夹带现象,在射流出口下游受涡旋结构的影响发生卷起;平均涡量等值面表明,反向旋转涡对(CVP)的涡旋方向与射流出口下游马蹄涡两个分支的涡旋方向相反;由于横向主流和射流雷诺数较高,Q准则表征的涡旋结构在射流出口下游一倍射流直径位置开始发生破碎。     

微缝共振器的非线性吸声机理

为模拟高声压级时微缝处涡声相互作用现象并计算微缝声阻抗,发展了一种离散涡模型.联合微缝离散涡模型和一维声传播模型,计算了微缝共振器的声阻抗和吸声系数.数值结果表明,微缝声学性质主要取决于涡脱落和脱落涡层的演化;共振器的吸声系数随着入射声压级的增加而增大;入射声波频率对共振器吸声系数有显著影响.研究结果和先前直接数值模拟...     

马赫数和雷诺数对钝前缘三角翼流场的影响

基于Spalart-Allmaras(SA)湍流模型,求解定常RANS方程,数值模拟后掠角为65°的钝前缘三角翼的亚音速流场。分析不同雷诺数、马赫数下钝前缘三角翼上表面的复杂涡系结构及其发展过程,并与实验结果进行了对比。计算结果表明:在中度迎角下,所得的各弦向站位的物面压力系数与实验数据吻合良好;随着雷诺数的增加,三角翼前缘流动分离位置后移,其背风面涡系向内移动;而马赫数的增加则导致分离位置前移,背风面涡系向外移动。     

基于OPTICS聚类算法的流场结构特征分析方法

为了改进现有的基于聚类分析的流场结构特征分析方法,使之更加适用于结构风工程领域的风场特征识别与分析,依托聚类分析的思想,结合一种基于密度的OPTICS聚类算法,并引入相关距离的概念替换了原算法中的欧氏距离,提出了采用一种基于相关距离的OPTICS聚类算法进行流场结构特征分析.实例分析利用基于大涡模拟的计算流体动力学数值模拟,对低雷诺数下经典圆柱绕流问题进行了瞬态求解,获取了2000个圆柱尾流中顺流向涡的瞬态涡量场样本.然后,以识别圆柱尾流中的顺流向涡旋涡脱落状态和顺流向涡A模式展向分布为目标,对比了k-means、原始的OPTICS算法和基于相关距离的OPTICS聚类算法等流场结构特征分析方法.分析实例的结果表明,基于相关距离的OPTICS算法能够在合适的初始参数设置下有效识别顺流向涡脱落状态和其A模式展向分布间距,相对k-means算法降低了对初始参数的敏感度,聚类结果稳定且唯一.     

湍流模型对三维翼梢涡流场数值模拟的影响

 梢涡流场数值模拟对减少梢涡的不良影响意义深远。应用雷诺平均Navier-Stokes(RANS)方法建立了三维翼梢涡流场数值模型,选用的湍流模型包括两种经典两方程模型和一种代数雷诺应力模型。计算内容包括翼梢涡流场速度分布、压力分布及涡核位置,为了准确模拟梢涡涡核内系统旋转和流线曲率影响,将旋转和曲率修正方法应用于选用的湍流模型中。计算时对翼梢涡涡核处网格进行了加密处理。将计算结果与实验结果对比后发现,修正后的湍流模型较标准湍流模型明显提高了预报精度,与实验结果吻合较好,具有工程应用价值。     

厚覆冰导线升力突变机理及数值模拟研究

针对新月形厚覆冰导线的升力系数在风攻角15°附近存在突变的问题,分别采用基于k-ωSST湍流模型的雷诺时均法和大涡模拟(LES)的数值方法对新月形厚覆冰导线在风攻角10°~20°范围进行了模拟。通过对比两种数值方法计算得到的覆冰导线气动力系数、流场结构和表面风压,发现LES方法能够更好地捕捉新月形覆冰导线表面的小尺度涡结构,得到的覆冰导线气动力参数计算结果与风洞试验数据高度吻合;而k-ωSST湍流模型难以模拟壁面上小尺度涡,捕捉不到升力系数的突变。根据覆冰导线不同壁面区域的压力分布,发现上侧壁面处的涡结构影响整体流场,并在下侧壁面曲率、来流夹角和壁面切线方向共同作用下导致升力系数突变。LES的气动力参数模拟结果可为覆冰导线防舞提供参考。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.