跨流域空气动力学模拟方法与返回舱再入气动研究

针对回收类航天器(返回舱)再入过程所遇跨流域多尺度非平衡绕流问题,综述基于Boltzmann方程碰撞积分物理分析与可计算建模,构造考虑完全气体、转动非平衡、含振动能激发热力学非平衡效应各流域统一Boltzmann模型方程,及由此建立返回舱再入气动力热绕流问题气体动理论统一算法研究进展与算法检验。作为方法间验证结合,进一步简述了融合再入热化学稀薄气体电离非平衡流动DSMC方法、近连续过渡流区N-S/DSMC耦合算法、经滑移边界修正的N-S方程解算器、低密度风洞实验测试等多种空气动力学模拟手段,建立求解Boltzmann模型方程气体动理论统一算法(GKUA)、DSMC、N-S/DSMC、滑移N-S解算器、低密度风洞实验验证补充,适于返回舱再入从外层空间自由分子流到近地面连续流跨流域空气动力学一体化模拟平台。将此平台用于再入H=110～30km各流域球体、高超声速尖前缘中空柱裙、返回式卫星球锥体、飞船返回舱稀薄过渡流以至近连续流区气动力/热与姿态配平绕流问题计算与实验分析比较,证实统一算法在高稀薄流区,与DSMC吻合很好;在连续流区,与(滑移)N-S解算器相一致;在中间过渡带,与N-S/DSMC耦合算法相容;具有全飞行流域很好的计算一致收敛性。简述了跨流域空气动力学几种模拟手段的适应性特点与展望,揭示了返回舱再入跨流域复杂高超声速流动变化规律。     

高超声速化学非平衡流动Navier-Stokes/DSMC耦合算法

基于相同的化学反应模型,在已有计算流体力学（CFD）和直接仿真蒙特卡罗（DSMC）方法及程序的基础上,采用Modular Particle-Continuum（MPC）耦合技术,建立了包含化学非平衡Navier-Stokes/DSMC耦合算法。算法结构中DSMC计算区域在CFD计算结果上根据当地克努森数自动选取。发展了适用于流场分区信息交换的亚松弛技术,抑制DSMC方法对CFD计算的影响。把DSMC方法和CFD的应用范围拓展到过渡流区,为复杂飞行器近连续过渡流区高超声速化学非平衡流动数值模拟研究提供了一种工程适用的预测分析手段。通过对二维圆柱高超声速化学非平衡绕流的算例与其他结果的比较研究,表明耦合算法不论在流场结构、流场非平衡现象,还是飞行器表面参数、整体气动力/热特性方面,都能够得到与全DSMC计算吻合的结果,证实了所建立的Navier-Stokes/DSMC耦合计算模型与方法的有效性和可靠性。仿真了某航天器解体碎片在过渡区的化学非平衡流动,得到碎片在过渡区的气动力/热特性,为碎片的陨落计算提供依据。     

天宫飞行器过渡流区高超声速绕流N-S/DSMC耦合计算

针对类天宫飞行器服役期满再入大气层多次解体过程残骸碎片绕流对气动特性干扰影响的问题,在数值求解N-S方程的CFD和DSMC方法程序研究基础上,采用MPC耦合处理原理,发展了基于Chapman-Enskog非平衡速度分布函数的耦合区域双向信息交换亚松弛计算技术,建立了适于残骸碎片两体不同间隔绕流干扰流场的N-S/DSMC耦合算法。对天宫飞行器两舱结构体在过渡流区低密度风洞试验状态进行了耦合计算,计算结果与风洞试验结果吻合很好,验证了所建立的耦合算法对再入解体残骸碎片气动特性计算的有效性和可靠性。通过对天宫飞行器解体碎片的简化外形球和球柱体在过渡流区高超声速两体干扰气动特性进行不同间隔绕流场耦合计算分析,结果表明,在一定的距离范围内,两体干扰会对残骸碎片的气动特性产生较强的影响,不同的残骸碎片外形在不同距离的干扰规律不一致。计算结果为天宫飞行器再入解体气动融合轨道数值预报提供设计依据。     

再入飞行中DSMC与Navier-Stokes两种模型的计算与分析

首次提出了再入飞行过程中"小Knudsen数特征区(即[Kn1,Kn2]域)"的概念,并用直接模拟蒙特卡罗(DSMC)算法与求解Navier-Stokes方程两种模型详细研究了在这个区域中的流动.数值计算表明:采用王保国教授课题组自己编制的DSMC源程序和求解多组分、考虑热力学非平衡以及化学反应非平衡、弱守恒型Navi...     

卫星姿控发动机混合物羽流场分区耦合计算研究

研究求解喷管内流场N-S方程数值计算方法,发展基于N-S方程物面边界滑移流理论计算技术。提出求解羽流核心区轴对称DSMC模拟方法与远场三维DSMC仿真方案,发展多组元混合物羽流DSMC仿真方法。研究求解卫星姿控发动机内外近场、远场、倒流区和物面相互作用影响区多流域流场分区耦合计算技术,建立了一套用于求解混合物燃气羽流及对太阳电池帆板与卫星体表面撞击污染影响数值模拟方法。通过对分别安装于某在轨卫星不同位置两个典型姿控发动机燃气五组元混合物羽流计算研究及相关结果对比分析,证实本文数值方法可靠性。     

超声速平头圆柱绕流DSMC/EPSM混合算法研究

本文将EPSM算法与DSMC方法结合，构造了可模拟含近连续流区及过渡流区的DSMC／EPSM混合算法。运用混合算法模拟马赫数等于5．37时超声速平头圆柱绕流，并与DSMC结果进行比较，证明了DSMC／EPSM混合算法的有效性，并对两种算法的计算效率进行了比较。     

模拟真空羽流场的特征线法

介绍了特征线法（MOC法）对真空羽流场进行数值模拟的过程，用MOC法进行了喷管出口流动不均匀情况真空羽流场算例的求解，所得结果与理论分析相符合，与DSMC法计算结果吻合，提高了计算效率，节省了计算时间。结果表明：用MOC法可代替DSMC法对连续介质区进行模拟，并可在用N-S和DSMC耦合数值模拟中确定耦合边界。     

超声速平板绕流DSMC/EPSM混合算法研究

本文将平衡粒模拟方法（EPSM）与蒙特卡罗直接模拟方法（DSMC）结合，构造了可模拟含近连续流区及过渡流区的DSMC／EPSM混合算法。运用混合算法模拟马赫数等于4时超声速平绕流，并与DSMC结果进行比较，证明了DSMC／EPSM混合算法的有效性。将DSMC方法与混合算法的计算效率进行了比较。     

姿控发动机内流场及高空羽流流场的DSMC一体化数值模拟

通过引入“平衡抽样方法”有效解决了DSMC求解近连续流区所遇到的碰撞顶计算效率问题;对于过渡流及自由分子流区,构造了适合于DSM仿真的分子碰撞传能模型并配置了一种光滑过渡以减少误差的权函数。在此基础上首次实现了对姿控发动机喷管内流场及包括倒流区在内的高空弱流流场的DSMC方法一体化数值模拟。     

高超声速飞行器DSMC／EPSM自适应当地时间步长混合算法

采用优化的DSMC/EPSM混合算法,研究了高超声速飞行器三维复杂流场在近连续区的气动力热特性.发展了一种DSMC/EPSM自适应当地时间步长混合算法,根据网格内仿真分子的碰撞数,自动调整网格中进行仿真分子运动和碰撞计算的时间步长,有效地提高了程序的计算效率和计算精度.用DSMC方法、DSMC/EPSM混合算法和DSMC/EPSM自适应当地时间步长混合算法对比计算了三维复杂飞行器流场压力、热流分布量,飞行器表面气动力、热分布参数,证明了DSMC/EPSM自适应当地时间步长混合算法大幅度缩短了流场稳定所需的CPU时间,并且不降低流场模拟结果的精度.     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.