二阶中立型方程周期解的存在性

利用Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ级数理论研究二阶常第数线性中立型方程的周期解，得到了在｜ｃ｜＝１的条件下，二阶中立型方程周期解存在的充要条件；在｜ｃ｜＝１条件下，方程周期解存在的充分条件，并给出了具有特殊时滞的方程周期解存在的充分条件。     

调频连续波激光雷达距离-多普勒解耦新方法

调频连续波激光雷达探测运动目标时,通常采用二维傅里叶变换解耦合方法.当探测高速运动目标时,由于目标移动导致不同调频周期的中频信号频谱峰值不在同一距离单元,用二维傅里叶变换法进行解耦将产生速度模糊.新的解耦方法通过对多个周期的中频信号频谱峰值位置进行直线拟合,获得目标径向速度估计值.利用速度估计值构建多普勒补偿信号,并与原中频信号相乘.补偿后的中频信号频谱峰值在同一距离单元内.将补偿后的中频信号用二维傅里叶变换法获得的径向速度与之前的速度估计值相加,得到最终的目标径向速度.仿真结果说明新方法在获得较高测距、测速精度的同时,可以有效提高调频连续波激光雷达的无模糊速度.     

椭圆轨道非线性相对运动模型的周期解与应用

在长期的航天器编队飞行中传统的基于线性相对运动模型设计编队保持轨道的方法会引起较多的燃料消耗.首先采用摄动法解析地求得了考虑二阶非线性项时椭圆轨道相对运动模型的周期性条件和周期解;然后以此周期解为参考轨道设计了基于Lyapunov稳定的PD保持控制律.仿真结果表明:基于椭圆轨道非线性相对运动模型的周期解较基于椭圆轨道线性相对运动模型的周期解,精度明显提高;以前者为参考轨道的保持控制与以后者为参考轨道的保持控制相比,燃耗明显降低.     

新的GPS单频单历元定姿算法

LAMBDA算法依赖于初始的模糊度浮点解,但仅用载波相位观测方程需要多个历元才能获得浮点解,将导致初始化时间过长.针对这一问题,对GPS(Global Positioning System)单历元的载波相位单差方程进行特殊变换,将未知的整周模糊度看成噪声,从而构造出新的观测方程,和原始的观测方程进行组合求解,克服了仅用载波相位双差观测方程因为亏秩而无法在单历元获得浮点解的缺点,解决了初始化时间的问题.通过深入研究浮点解和固定解之间的关系,提出一种将低精度浮点解映射到固定解的方法,降低了LAMBDA算法对高精度浮点解的依赖性,避免了用多个历元获取浮点解的高精度,从而实现了单频、单历元的整周模糊度估计.通过实际测试,该算法成功率高于97%,能够有效地用于实时动态姿态解算.      

高超声速飞行器平稳滑翔弹道解析解及其应用

针对高超声速飞行器平稳滑翔弹道在线规划问题,提出了一种高精度的平稳滑翔弹道解析求解方法。首先,将升力系数分解为横向分量、平衡滑翔纵向分量和平稳滑翔纵向分量3个部分,并在此基础上将纵向运动方程、横向运动方程和速度方程解耦;然后,分别采用解析积分、正则摄动法、高斯积分法和单步龙格-库塔积分获得了滑翔段高度及射程、弹道偏角、经度、纬度和速度的解析解,并通过分段求解来提高解的精度;最后,利用上述解析解,提出了一种规划升力系数平稳滑翔纵向分量和横向分量的平稳滑翔弹道快速生成算法。仿真校验表明,本文解析解的精度比经典的Bell解析解高1个数量级,所对应的弹道规划方法具有计算量小、规划速度快的特点,有利于实现在线弹道规划。      

中心对称平面三连杆的同步运动

研究中心对称平面三连杆的运动.该模型是常见的力学系统,可以近似描述外层空间中弱引力条件下带有太阳能板的卫星的运动状况.然而,由于该系统是不可积系统,一般的运动状况比较复杂.在本文中对该模型建立Lagrange运动方程,主要研究其同步运动,求出同步运动的精确解,并分析其运动规律,证明了在一定条件下存在周期解.本文的结果为进一步研究该系统的在同步运动附近的复杂性打下了基础.      

一种求非线性规划全局最小解的算法

在评述了近２０年来发展的全局最优化方法之后，提出了一种求解全局最优化问题的算法，即从一个求得的局部最小解点出发，去解一个最大化问题，这个最大化问题是构造一个辅助函数去寻求一个更好的局部最优解，这样就产生一个局部最小解序列，得后得到全局最小解，另外还有了全局收敛性定理，也给出了数值例子。     

基于GPU的并行相位解卷绕算法

针对大量数据串行相位解卷绕实时性较差的问题，设计了基于GPU的并行相位解卷绕算法。首先分析了典型的串行解卷绕算法在GPU平台实现的可行性，之后设计了适合于GPU加速的并行解卷绕算法。最后对基于GPU的并行相位解卷绕算法进行了仿真验证，多次测试结果表明：在保证解卷绕正确性的基础上，基于GPU的并行相位解卷绕算法相比传统CPU串行解卷绕算法约有3.5倍的加速比，基于GPU的并行相位解卷绕算法相比GPU串行解卷绕算法有63倍的加速比。     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

清镇陨石（EH3）中陨硫钙石的REE微量元素及成因意义

本文运用INAA分析了14个清镇陨石中陨硫钙石单矿物颗粒的难熔元素(La、Ce、Sm、Eu、Yb、Lu、Ca、Sc、Hf和Th),挥发性元素(Na、Cr、Zn、Se、Br等)和亲铁元素(Fe、Ni、Co、Ir、Au、As)含量。结果表明陨硫钙石高度富集难熔亲石元素,是顽火辉石陨石中REE的主要载体,携带了约80％的全岩REE总量。相对于HREE,LREE有更大的富集程度,而且早期凝聚的颗粒较晚期凝聚的颗粒更富集REE,同时陨硫钙石富集挥发性元素Se、Br等。清镇陨硫钙石的微量元素特征揭示了它来自于太阳星云的高温凝聚特征和成因。     

柔性航天器IPACS建模与动力学分析

利用拟坐标下的拉格朗日方程和动量矩定理,建立了带变速控制力矩陀螺群(VSCMGs,Variable Speed Control Moment Gyroscopes)的柔性航天器的能量/姿态一体化控制系统(IPACS, Integrated Power/Attitude Control System)的动力学模型,该模型适合于姿态控制律设计及VSCMGs操纵律设计.采用动量管理和VSCMGs构型选取相结合的方法,有效地避免了VSCMGs设计时可能出现的奇异问题.分析了采用VSCMGs的柔性航天器IPACS中的动力学耦合问题,并以某大型航天器为例进行了数值仿真.分析和仿真结果显示出,当VSCMGs的力矩轴接近(或陷入)奇异或进行储/放能切换时,VSCMGs都会对柔性附件造成显著影响.      

Progress in tropospheric ammonia retrieval from the MIPAS satellite instrument

The Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding is a polar orbiting high resolution mid-infrared emission limb sounder with a nominal vertical resolution of 3 km. Work to extend the list of routinely retrieved species led to the examination of ammonia, NH₃. In this paper, we explore the feasibility of upper tropospheric retrievals around 6-km altitude, discussing appropriate methods. We demonstrate a weak north to south gradient outside the error bars, using co-addition to improve signal-to-noise and compare these first results with a model.     

Monitoring spatio-temporal variations in aerosols and aerosol–cloud interactions over Pakistan using MODIS data

Clouds are important elements in climatic processes and interactions between aerosols and clouds are therefore a hot topic for scientific research. Aerosols show both spatial and temporal variations, which can lead to variations in the microphysics of clouds. In this research, we have examined the spatial and temporal variations in aerosol particles over Pakistan and the impact of these variations on various optical properties of clouds, using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data from the Terra satellite. We used the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model for trajectory analysis to reveal the origins of air masses, with the aim of understanding these spatial and temporal variabilities in aerosol concentrations. We also documented seasonal variations in patterns of aerosol optical depth (AOD) over Pakistan, for which the highest values occur during the monsoon season (June–August). We then analyzed the relationships between AOD and four other cloud parameters, namely water vapour (WV), cloud fraction (CF), cloud top temperature (CTT) and cloud top pressure (CTP). Regional correlation maps and time series plots for aerosol (AOD) and cloud parameters were produced to provide a better understanding of aerosol–cloud interaction. The analyses showed strong positive correlations between AOD and WV for all of the eight cities investigated. The correlation between AOD and CF was positive for those cities where the air masses were predominantly humid, but negative for those cities where the air masses were relatively dry and carried a low aerosol abundance. These correlations were clearly dependent on the meteorological conditions for all of the eight cities investigated. Because of the observed AOD–CF relationship, the co-variation of AOD with CTP and CTT may be attributable to large-scale meteorological variations: AOD showed a positive correlation with CTP and CTT in northern regions of Pakistan and a negative correlation in southern regions.     

Technology development for a long duration,mid-cloud level Venus balloon

This paper describes the results of ongoing technology development activities for a Venus spherical superpressure balloon capable of flying for long durations (30 days) in the middle cloud layer at an altitude of 55.5 km. Data is presented from a successful aerial deployment and inflation flight experiment on a 5.5 m diameter prototype balloon conducted at a 2.5 km altitude above the Earth. Although the balloon in that test was not released for free flight, all other steps in the deployment and inflation process were successfully executed. Experimental and computational results are also presented from an investigation of the stress concentration phenomenon at the junction of the metal end fitting and fabric end cap of the prototype Venus balloon. Good agreement was found between the simulation and experimental results and a stress concentration factor of 1.55 determined for this end cap design compared to the expectations of thin membrane theory. Finally, results are presented for a new, second-generation Venus balloon material utilizing Aclar™ film instead of Teflon. Optical property and sulfuric acid tolerance data are presented for this material based on laboratory testing of samples.