Training, career development and registration for safety criticalsoftware systems specialists

A career development program for information systems practitioners currently being used widely by employers in the UK and now becoming available in North America is described. The program, called the Professional Development Scheme (PDS), was developed by the British Computer Society to address the lack of structure and quality control generally present in the way computing professionals were being trained. The performance standards underpinning the program (The British Computer Society Industry Structure Model) have been thoroughly updated and now include material specific to the development, maintenance, and management of software for safety-critical applications. The use of the program for this purpose and potential developments in the field of training and registration for safety-critical software specialists are discussed     

钛合金异种材料单搭自冲铆接头力学性能

为研究钛合金异种材料单搭自冲铆接头的力学性能,本文使用接头剖面直观检测法分析了四种铆接接头的成形质量,先后对铜-钛合金接头(H62-TA1接头)和钛-铝合金接头(TA1-AA5052接头)进行准静态力学性能测试,得到了两种接头的载荷-位移曲线。采用狄克逊准则剔除异常值,并通过变差系数法验证了试验数据的可靠性。研究结果表明:H62-TA1接头质量优于TA1-H62接头,TA1-AA5052接头质量优于AA5052-TA1接头;H62-TA1接头强度(5 177.8 N)高于TA1-AA5052接头(4 296.9 N),H62-TA1接头能量吸收值(21.9 J)大于TA1-AA5052接头(10.2 J);H62-TA1接头失效模式为铆钉拉出失效,TA1-AA5052接头失效模式为下板拉断失效。     

Effect of KOH concentration on LEO cycle life of IPVnickel-hydrogen flight cell-update II

For update I see Energy and Environment: A Continuing Partnership, vol.3, American Nuclear Society (1991). An update of validation test results confirming the breakthrough in the low-Earth-orbit (LEO) cycle life of nickel-hydrogen cells containing 26% KOH electrolyte is presented. The results are part of an investigation of the effect of KOH concentration on life cycle. The cycle life of boiler plate cells was about 40000 LEO cycles compared to 3500 cycles for cells containing 31% KOH. The cycle regime was a stressful accelerated LEO, which consisted of a 27.5 min charge followed by a 17.5 min discharge (2×normal rate). The depth-of-discharge (DOD) was 80%. The cell temperature was maintained at 23°C. Results for six 48-Ah recirculation design IPV nickel-hydrogen flight battery cells currently being evaluated to validate the above findings are reported. Three of the cells contain 26% KOH (test cells), and three contain 31% KOH (control cells). They are undergoing real-time LEO cycle life testing. The 31% KOH cells failed at cycles 3729, 4165, and 11355. One of the 26% KOH cells failed at cycle 15314. The other two 26% KOH cells have been cycled for over 16600 cycles without failure     

Japanese satellite program on the solar research for the coming solar maximum

The Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) is developing a satellite dedicated to high-energy observations of solar flares. The Solar-A will be launched in August–September, 1991, from the Kagoshima Space Center on board a M3S-II vehicle. The instrument complement emphasizes hard X-ray and soft X-ray imaging, with both high resolution (2.4 arc sec pixel size) and full-Sun field of view. Solar-A contains instruments supplied in part by U.S. and U.K. experimenters. This paper describes the instrumentation and the tentative observing program.     

航空发动机叶片前后缘自由式砂带抛光技术

由于叶片前后缘(LTE)的轮廓形状和表面质量将对航空发动机的气动性能和叶片的疲劳性能产生直接影响,因此为提高前后缘的轮廓度和表面质量,通过对目前航空发动机叶片前后缘抛光所存在的问题进行分析,结合叶片前后缘抛光工艺要求,并基于自由式砂带抛光的工艺特点,提出了叶片前后缘自由式砂带抛光工艺方法;针对该抛光工艺方法,建立其砂带张紧力控制系统,确定了抛光加工中的砂带走刀步长计算公式及抛光轨迹规划方法;最后以某型号叶片的前后缘作为加工对象进行抛光实验研究。检测结果显示:叶片前后缘轮廓度误差小于0.01mm,其表面粗糙度小于0.4μm,证实了该抛光工艺方法对提高叶片前后缘的轮廓度和表面质量的有效性。     

Quality and security, they work together

The importance of considering computer security as part of the software quality assurance practice is discussed. Issues that point to the need for integration of quality assurance and computer security disciplines are raised. To address some of these issues, the NASA Automated Information Security (AIS) program is presented as a model that may be used for improving interactions between the quality assurance and computer security community of professionals. The information presented does not comprise an answer to documenting all computer security interactions with quality assurance, but it does present a currently working baseline model and can serve as a basis for future research and discussion     

The Magnetospheric Multiscale Magnetometers

The success of the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission depends on the accurate measurement of the magnetic field on all four spacecraft. To ensure this success, two independently designed and built fluxgate magnetometers were developed, avoiding single-point failures. The magnetometers were dubbed the digital fluxgate (DFG), which uses an ASIC implementation and was supplied by the Space Research Institute of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and the analogue magnetometer (AFG) with a more traditional circuit board design supplied by the University of California, Los Angeles. A stringent magnetic cleanliness program was executed under the supervision of the Johns Hopkins University’s Applied Physics Laboratory. To achieve mission objectives, the calibration determined on the ground will be refined in space to ensure all eight magnetometers are precisely inter-calibrated. Near real-time data plays a key role in the transmission of high-resolution observations stored on board so rapid processing of the low-resolution data is required. This article describes these instruments, the magnetic cleanliness program, and the instrument pre-launch calibrations, the planned in-flight calibration program, and the information flow that provides the data on the rapid time scale needed for mission success.     

基于模型的民用飞机自动刹车系统设计与研究

针对民用飞机刹车系统的重要组成部分自动刹车系统,介绍了自动刹车系统的功能,并对其原理进行了简单介绍,提出了一种适用于自动刹车系统开发的基于模型驱动的设计方法,根据自动刹车的功能需求,建立其对应的行为模型,对需求进行确认以及验证,根据自动刹车的功能架构对其行为模型进行集成,形成自动刹车功能的集成模型,确认、验证其架构的正确性。最后,综合考虑自动刹车的需求以及行为模型,建立基于模型的各工况测试用例,包括着陆刹车以及中止起飞测试用例,对自动刹车系统需求进行自动化测试,验证其正确性、完整性。最后,以着陆阶段自动刹车某一减速率为例对该方法进行了验证,确认了该方法的正确性。模型及管理工具分别为Library、Stateflow、Simulink。     

微型涡喷发动机蒸发管性能测燃烧室数值模拟

根据40daN级低成本弹用微型涡喷发动机燃烧室的性能要求,设计了一种蒸发管供油的环形燃烧室.文章先设计实验对蒸发管的雾化性能和蒸发率进行测试,再参照测试结果,运用计算流体动力学(CFD)方法对微型涡喷燃烧室进行数值模拟.计算结果表明,燃烧室设计合理,各项性能均达到了设计点要求.      

Digital Flight Control Research Using Microprocessor Technology

The Flight Research Laboratory at Princeton University is engaged in an experimental program to investigate a variety of approaches to digital control by actual flight test. Experimentation is being conducted with Princeton's 6-DOF variableresponse research aircraft (VRA), which is equipped for direct side-force control, direct-lift control, feedback of all motion variables, and multiple-pilot command modes. VRA avionics have been augmented by a microprocessor digital flight control system (Micro-DFCS), which uses off-the-shelf computer components capable of operating in parallel or in series with the existing variable-response system. The digital control laws operate in conjunction either with the "bare airframe" dynamics of the VRA or with the dynamics of a simulated aircraft, provided by the existing variable-response system. The initial flight control computer program CAS-1 provides three longitudinal control options: direct (unaugmented) command, pitch rate command, and normal acceleration command. The latter two options are "Type 0" systems designed by linear-quadratic control theory. Future Micro-DFCS software will provide a variety of increasingly complex control options, including "Type 1," logic, gain scheduling, coupled 3-axis control, and "CCV" command modes.     

面向功能的测试设备驱动器设计与实现

在各种定制化测试设备中,由于很多仪器驱动不符合现有的标准,从而降低了测试软件的开发效率和质量.为此,提出了一种面向功能的测试设备驱动器的设计与实现方法.通过对特定类别测试设备所需实现功能的分析,获得了脱离硬件环境的功能项目集合,并建立了规范化的设备驱动接口.在驱动组件的内部,封装了对硬件仪器的控制,并描述了实际测试设备...     

疲劳门槛值及低速裂纹扩展速率试验方法的研究进展

一、引言 近年来,国内外研究者对疲劳门槛值⊿K_(th)及附近的低速裂纹扩展速率已进行了许多实验研究,提出了多种不同的试验方法。但到日前为止,还无统一的标准试验方法,给疲劳门槛值的实验研究提供交流,以及在工程上的应用造成了很大困难。为此,有必要研究和制定统一的标准试验方法。本文根据近年来我们对疲劳门槛值所做的实验研究工作,着重讨论了我们对ASTM推荐测定疲劳门槛值及低速裂纹扩展速率暂行试     

封严流对预旋供气系统温降特性影响的数值研究

为获得封严流对预旋供气系统温降特性的影响,基于三维稳态数值模拟方法,针对内封严出气流量,内封严进气流量,内封严进气温度和内封严进气旋转比四个因素进行了研究。结果表明：在保持供气流量和供气压力一定的条件下,封严流流出预旋腔对预旋供气系统温降特性影响微小;而封严流流入预旋腔的影响显著。内封严进气流量从0增大到喷嘴流量的20%时,温降效率降低31.3%;内封严进气温度升高37K时,温降效率降低29.2%;内封严进气旋转比从0提高到0.8时,温降效率提高15.6%。     

Five-year update: nickel hydrogen industry survey

A 1984 survey of the nickel hydrogen (NiH₂) battery industry is updated. Late 1980s and early 1990s issues are identified, and usage and testing results of the survey are summarized. NiH₂ is the system of choice for new geosynchronous-earth-orbit (GEO) satellites and is being seriously considered for low-earth-orbit (LEO) applications. In five years, the annual cell production rate has doubled from approximately 1000 to 2000 cells. A number of cells under test have exceeded 20000 cycles at 40% DOD in LEO regimes, while other cells have achieved over 35 seasons in accelerated GEO regimes. The LEO database clearly indicates that NiH₂ performance is at least as good as the best conventional nickel-cadmium performance demonstrated under test     

航空发动机状态监控和故障诊断软件

本文介绍“航空发动机状态监控和故障诊断”软件的功能知组成。应用此软件中所采用的“主状态量模型”的诊断方法对 B747和 B767飞机上装配的JT9D—7R4发动机已有的35个故障样本进行诊断,其诊断正确率达到75%以上。     

基于二项分布的装备状态质量诊断试验评估指标研究

提出了通过诊断方法获取装备状态质量特性指标值的思想，解决了统计特性不明显的小样本集装备获取状态质量特性指标的难题；规范了装备状态质量诊断试验的条件；在装备质量评估领域首次提出了评价装．备诊断试验效果的确诊率、负确诊率、误诊率、漏诊率、故障预测指标、正常预测指标等单指标体系以及符合率、综合指数、比数积、故障似然比、正常似然比等综合指标体系，并进一步提出了提高装备状态质量诊断试验效率的平行诊断试验方法和系列诊断试验方法。     

Software testing: from theory to practice

This paper is about the disparity between what is known and what is being learned in academia and what is being used in industry. The author believes there are many reasons. Some of these represent accidental and some essential problems. Most are part of a general issue of quality in the software products. Most problems that make it more difficult to apply testing techniques are part of a larger problem which make them more cost-effective to produce high quality software. The author presents a list of reasons industry does not use the highly advanced, and in some cases, highly developed software testing techniques that are available. The problems are divided into three broad categories: problems in industry; problems in academic research and education; and problems in the interface between the two     

基于时间推进的涡扇发动机整机通流数值模拟

为实现航空发动机整机流场与性能快速分析,基于准三维控制方程模型,开发了整机通流数值模拟程序。程序基于计算流体力学理论,并考虑了引气、冷却和喷油等发动机中的物理现象。为模拟叶片对气流偏转作用,推导了一种鲁棒的无粘叶片力模型,同时采用粘性力模型模拟粘性损失效应。采用该程序对某型双轴分排涡扇发动机一个地面试车工况点进行了整机数值仿真,并与实验数据进行了对比验证。结果表明,所发展程序求解稳定,能够自动捕捉激波,并且可以快速获得完全收敛的航空发动机整机准三维流场,单工况点计算时长不大于30min。其中计算截面平均参数与实验测量偏差不大于8%,符合工程应用精度需求。     

发动机故障诊断的MONTE CARLO通解算法

给出了发动机故障诊断的 Monte Carlo通解算法,该算法可以有效地解决发动机故障诊断算法中由于故障方程存在多重共线性所引起的误诊、漏诊与多解问题。首先给出求解故障方程的 Monte Carlo算法,该算法能够保证得到满足故障方程的全部合理解;能够简单地用于各种故障相关性准则 (例如各种残差向量范数准则 )以及亚定故障方程的求解问题;并且算法简单易行,无需为每个特定情况专门编制计算程序。其次提出了基本解与通解的概念,并且给出了利用主成分分析与利用主因子模型求基本解的两种有效算法。利用基本解与通解算法可以将由于多重共线性引起的复杂故障诊断结果表示为简单明了的形式,有利于对诊断结果作出正确决策。用计算机模拟方法对算法的有效性进行了分析,对于 JT9D发动机气路方面的 2 4个实际故障样本,所给出的算法的确诊率为 86%～ 92 %     

270-VDC/hybrid 115-VAC electric power generating system technologydemonstrator

The approach, system architecture, instrumentation, and performance of a technology demonstrator system for the application of 270-VDC/hybrid 115-VAC electrical power generation and distribution to future military aircraft are examined. The design has focused on assembling a highly flexible test system. The loads are typical of those in a hybrid electrical system. The system consists of a single 3-phase, 115-VAC electrical generator whose output is rectified, filtered, and supplied through DC contactors to both a 270-VDC load bus and to the input of an inverter, which supplies a 400-Hz, 115-VAC load bus. A variable-frequency, 115-VAC bus is also available directly from the generator. A prototype variable-speed constant-frequency 120-kVA generator is used. The test facility is designed to provide loads to all power types capable of being produced by the system. The system has provided particularly good insight into various aspects of 270-VDC/115-VAC hybrid systems and their components