美空军加速发展跨空天飞机

发展隐身飞机、无人战斗机和空天飞机堪称美空军作战平台信息化发展进程中的三个里程碑。其中,隐身飞机和无人战斗机的发展已取得重大进展。目前,美空军正在加速发展跨大气层空天飞机。最近美国高超声速试验验证机X-43的试飞成功,标志着该计划达到了一个重要发展里程碑。     

美国空军关注临近空间作战

临近空间大致包括大气平流层区域、中间大气层区域和部分电离层区域.美军长期以来一直对该区域的印象就是"黑暗、冷清".美国空间司令部高层官员甚至在接受记者采访时称,"临近空间作战能力说起来很动听,说穿了不过是部署气球罢了".而现在,情况已经发生了变化.     

美国空军加紧发展空间控制能力

太空是军事上的最后一个制高点,“谁能控制太空,谁就能控制地球”是美国历届政府的基本国策之一。为贯彻美国政府的太空政策,维持美国在太空的经济利益,确保在空间的绝对优势,美空军正在大力发展太空战武器和航天控制能力     

US Air Force EarthRadar for detection and discrimination of buriedunexploded ordnance

The US Air Force EarthRadar system is a multi-purpose sensor designed and constructed using "radar" principles. This technology was originally developed for the US Air Force to detect buried unexploded ordnance (UXO). Bakhtar Associates developed the US Air Force EarthRadar technology under the DoD SBIR program. The system is capable of detecting buried metallic and non-metallic objects, including glass vials. In addition, the manner in which system hardware, signal processing, and the integrated high resolution global positioning system (GPS) are configured makes it ideal for applications such as mapping subsurface geological features, locating cavities and collapse features, and identifying contaminated ground     

美空军为什么要发展空天轰炸机

为使美空军轰炸机队后继有机,美国现在就开始着手研制至少要在30年之后才有可能投入使用的新一代轰炸机。而跨大气层空天轰炸机反应速度快,生存能力强,用途广泛等诸多优点,已使之成为诸多候选方案中的首选     

美国空军未来能力及其航空关键技术分析

从整体角度介绍了美国空军未来能力需求,并简要分析了美国空军未来的航空关键技术。     

Status of the Air Force nickel hydrogen low earth orbit life test

The US Air Force NiH₂ LEO (low earth orbit) life test consists of 200 cells undergoing real-time LEO cycling, pulse discharge testing, and storage testing. To date, three of the program's four objectives have been met: NiH₂ performance in LEO applications has been demonstrated. A significant number of cells have completed more than 20,000 cycles at 40% DOD. A database for cells of both 3.5 in. and 4.5 in. diameter has been generated. There have been no indications of any performance problems related to scaling up in terms of cell size. Initial data on the pulse discharge performance of a small number of cells has been demonstrated. Concerning the goal of achieving 20,000 cycles at 60% DOD, the data are mixed. Overall, it appears highly unlikely that cell designs such as those currently in the US Air Force test can achieve 20,000 cycles at 60%     

An Improved Piezoelectric Balance for Aerodynamic Force

A method for measuring model forces in the shock tunnel by means of an acceleration-compensated balance has been reported by the authors.1 Since that time, a continuing program of research and development on advanced shock-tunnel instrumentation at Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory, Inc. has led to a promising new balance configuration. This balance is inherently more compact than previous designs, and allows testing of higher lift/drag (L/D) configurations than before. The increased high-pressure capability of the shock tunnel, and the growing recognition of the importance of the shock tunnel as a means of generating large Reynolds number flow, have thus added to the importance of this new higher load, more compact balance concept. An experimental balance has been built and calibrated. The performance of this balance is presented in this paper.     

谈航空武器装备在“跨越式”发展中应重视的几个问题

以观念与技术创新思维为导向,立足国情,从战略、战术、管理、技术的角度提出了空军武器装备"跨越式"发展应重视的问题、重点突破的方向、目标定位与发展方略.还讨论了飞行试验研究与"跨越式"发展的相关性,提出了飞行试验研究应重点发展的关键技术与发展方向.     

航空兵部队飞行安全评估系统研究与实践

根据航空兵部队飞行安全的特点,基于“人、机、环境“系统工程理论,并结合航空兵部队的实际,开发了一套航空兵部队飞行安全评估系统.该系统具有客观评估安全形势、发现薄弱环节和引导航空兵部队安全行为的功能.最后,给出了对航空兵部队进行飞行安全评估的应用实例.     

美国海空军制导武器试验的半实物仿真技术

本文主要综述美国海军、空军制导武器试验的半实物仿真技术、设备和设施，以及仿真试验中采用的目标和景象模拟投影技术，介绍了它们的技术特点、应用范围和优缺点。     

气动矢量喷管测力技术研究

本文主要介绍了在新型气动矢量喷管模型试验中，使用扣压式钢丝编织胶管(以下简称钢丝胶管)作为设备的次流供气管路与气动矢量喷管模型次流进气口之间的连接装置后进行的校准试验。经校准和试验证明，该连接方式可行，能满足试验要求，其测力误差≤0．5％．     

光电效应实验智能装置的设计

介绍了一种光电效应实验智能型装置,阐述了利用单片机系统组建一个智能仪器实验系统的实现方案;给出了系统总体框图和软件程序流程图;阐述了实验测量的工作原理;提出同时用零点法和拐点法测量的方案;解决因测量时间长、环境的变化对仪器测量精度的影响问题;避免主观随意性,减小实验误差,减少微弱光电流受干扰的几率,达到即快速又准确的测量目标。     

An interacting multiple model approach for target tracking withglint noise

The application of the interacting multiple model (IMM) estimation approach to the problem of target tracking when the measurements are perturbed by glint noise is considered. The IMM is a very effective approach when the system has discrete uncertainties in the dynamic or measurement model as well as continuous uncertainties. It is shown that this method performs better than the “score function” method. It is also shown that the IMM method performs robustly when the exact prior information of the glint noise is not available     

航空轴承试验器力载荷装置改进方法

为提高航空轴承试验器力载荷装置的加载精度,基于已有试验平台,分析了原加载装置精度偏低的原因,并通过仿真方法予以验证,提出了针对性的改进措施。通过在加载杆中串连传感器,将力信号作为控制变量引入控制闭环,实现对力载荷的直接控制,消除了加载膜片边沿效应的影响;增加预紧弹簧使油压调节阀有效避开非线性工作区域,保证了加载装置的作动速度。经试验验证,改进后的加载装置具有较高的加载精度,且安装、使用方便。     

An innovative approach for integrated airline network and aircraft family optimization

The determination of optimal aerial transport networks and their associated flight frequencies is crucial for the strategic planning of airlines,as well as for carrying out market research,to establish target markets,and for aircraft and crew rostering.In addition,optimum airplane types for the selected networks are crucial to improve revenue and to provide reduced operating costs.The present study proposes an innovative approach to determine the optimal aerial transport network simultaneously with the determination of the optimum fleet for that network,composed of three types of airplanes (network and vehicle integrated design).The network profit is maximized.The passenger's demands between the airports are determined via a gravitational model.An embedded linear programming solution is responsible for obtaining potential optimal network configurations.The optimum fleet combination is determined from a database of candidate aircraft designs via genetic algorithm.A truly realistic airplane representation is made possible thanks to accurate surrogate models for engine and aerodynamics is adopted.An accurate engine deck encompassing a compression map and an innovative engine weight calculation besides an aerodynamical artificial neural network module enable a high degree of accuracy for the mission analysis.The proposed methodology is applied to obtain the optimum network comprised of twenty main Brazilian airports and corresponding fleet.     

An approach for parameter estimation of combined CPPM and LFM radar signal

In this paper, the problem of parameter estimation of the combined radar signal adopting chaotic pulse position modulation (CPPM) and linear frequency modulation (LFM), which can be widely used in electronic countermeasures, is addressed. An approach is proposed to estimate the initial frequency and chirp rate of the combined signal by exploiting the second-order cyclostationarity of the intra-pulse signal. In addition, under the condition of the equal pulse width, the pulse repetition interval (PRI) of the combined signal is predicted using the low-order Volterra adaptive filter. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed cyclic autocorrelation Hough transform (CHT) algorithm is theoretically tolerant to additive white Gaussian noise. When the value of signal noise to ratio (SNR) is less than 4 dB, it can still estimate the intra-pulse parameters well. When SNR = 3 dB, a good prediction of the PRI sequence can be achieved by the Volterra adaptive filter algorithm, even only 100 training samples.     

Individual aircraft life monitoring: An engineering approach for fatigue damage evaluation

Individual aircraft life monitoring is required to ensure safety and economy of aircraft structure, and fatigue damage evaluation based on collected operational data of aircraft is an integral part of it. To improve the accuracy and facilitate the application, this paper proposes an engineering approach to evaluate fatigue damage and predict fatigue life for critical structures in fatigue monitoring. In this approach, traditional nominal stress method is applied to back calculate the S-N curve parameters of the realistic structure details based on full-scale fatigue test data. Then the S-N curve and Miner’s rule are adopted in damage estimation and fatigue life analysis for critical locations under individual load spectra. The relationship between relative small crack length and fatigue life can also be predicted with this approach. Specimens of 7B04-T74 aluminum alloy and TA15M titanium alloy are fatigue tested under two types of load spectra, and there is a good agreement between the experimental results and analysis results. Furthermore, the issue concerning scatter factor in individual aircraft damage estimation is also discussed.     

An environment for the integration and test of the Space Stationdistributed avionics systems

An approach is described to supplying an environment for the integration and test of the Space Station distributed avionics systems. Background is included on the development of this concept including the lessons learned from Space Shuttle experience. The environment's relationship to the process flow of the Space-Station verification, from systems development to on-orbit verification, is presented. The uses of the environment's hardware implementation, called Data Management System (DMS) kits, are covered. It is explained how these DMS kits provide a development version of the Space-Station operational environment and how this environment allows system developers to verify their systems performance, fault detection, and recovery capability. Conclusions on how the use of the DMS kits, in support of this concept, will ensure adequate on-orbit test capability are included