氧化物陶瓷基复合材料研究进展

从基体和纤维的选择、制备工艺等几方面综述了国内外氧化物陶瓷基复合材料的研究现状，着重阐述了溶胶-凝胶法、化学气相渗透法、反应熔体浸渗法、先驱体浸渗热解法、电泳沉积法、浆料浸渗热压和浆料浸渗结合氧化物先驱体浸渗热解法等氧化物基复合材料制备工艺原理及其优缺点。并提出了发展氧化物陶瓷基复合材料应解决的关键问题。     

硅溶胶强化辅助制备C纤维增韧氧化铝结合莫来石陶瓷基复合材料

通过氧化铝先驱体溶液循环浸渍热解结合硅溶胶浸渗强化的方法制备了三维C纤维预制体增韧的氧化铝结合莫来石陶瓷基复合材料 ,研究了氧化铝浸渗工艺对试样增重率、气孔率以及热处理温度对试样内气孔尺寸和分布的影响 ,分析了复合材料物相、微结构以及复合材料的力学性能。结果表明 ,硝酸铝饱和溶液浸渗纤维预制体并热解后试样的增重率和开气孔率呈类似抛物线曲线 ;由于硝酸铝分解生成氧化铝的煅烧温度不同 ,氧化铝晶态及物理特性不同 ,试样内气孔尺寸和分布差别较大 ;选择经过 115 0℃预处理的试样进行硅溶胶浸渗 ,然后 14 0 0℃处理 2h ,氧化硅与氧化铝完全反应生成莫来石 ,获得了较为致密的复合材料 ,室温三点弯曲强度和断裂应变分别为 180MPa和 2 .2 %。     

树脂浸渍热解次数对C/SiC刹车材料结构的影响

采用三维针刺碳纤维预制体,通过树脂浸渍热解工艺制备C/C多孔体,然后结合反应熔体浸渗法(RMI)制备了C/SiC复合材料,研究了树脂浸渍次数对C/C多孔体及C/SiC复合材料结构的影响。     

C/ C-SiC 复合材料的反应熔渗法制备与微观组织

采用无压反应熔渗法在1 550℃下将熔融Si或Si0.9Zr0.1浸渗入多孔C/C预制体中制备了高致密的C/C-SiC复合材料.系统研究了多孔C/C预制体中酚醛树脂热解碳(PIP-C)和化学气相渗透碳(CVI-C)对反应熔渗Si或Si0.Zr0.1的浸渗行为、反应程度、物相成分和微观组织的影响.结果表明:熔融Si或Si0.Zr0.1完全渗入到相邻碳纤维束间的大孔和碳纤维形成的小孔中,多孔PIP-C/C预制体较易浸渗,且反应较充分,熔渗Si0.9 Zr0.1后复合材料中除了生成大量SiC外,还有少量ZrC和ZrSi2生成,未发现游离Si.多孔PIP-C/C预制体中部分碳纤维与熔体反应,损伤纤维,而多孔CVI-C/C预制体中的沉积碳仅与熔体反应生成了一薄层,很好地保护了碳纤维,保持了碳纤维的高性能.提出反应熔渗制备C/C-SiC复合材料的形成机制:由初期的溶解-沉淀控制和后期的C向SiC层扩散控制为主.     

低浸渗压力制备短纤维增强铝硅合金复合材料

利用液态浸渗技术制备了氧化铝纤维增强铝基复合材料。结果表明，在低压下使液态合金浸渗纤维预制件制备铝基复合材料是可行的，在浸渗过程中，液态合金的温度对浸渗压力有较大影响。所制备的复合材料组织均匀，基体中的共晶组织可依附在纤维表面形核生长。     

先驱体转化法制备低成本碳纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料研究

综述了影响碳纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料成本的主要因素，比较了采用不同先驱体原料和制备工艺制备的陶瓷基复合材料的制备周期、成本及性能，为先驱体转化制备低成本陶瓷基复合材料提供一些参考。     

液相法制造C/Al复合材料

 采用液相浸渗法制造C/Al复合材料,研究了液相浸渗工艺参数对复合材料浸渗过程和组织性能的影响。液相浸渗压力是浸渗工艺的保证,纤维预热温度是关键。实验取得C(SiC)/Al复合材料液相浸渗最优工艺条件,所获得的复合材料抗拉强度高达908MPa.     

单向Hi-Nicalon/SiC复合材料的工艺与性能

对比了采用先驱体转化法及热压法制备的单向Hi-Nicalon纤维增强SiC基复合材料的性能差异,结果表明制备工艺对复合材料的微观结构和性能有极大的影响.采用先驱体转化制备的Hi-Nicalon/SiC复合材料具有较好的性能,弯曲强度为703.6MPa,断裂韧性为23.1MPa@m1/2;两种工艺制备的碳化硅基复合材料性能产生差别的主要原因是高温下Hi-Nicalon纤维的性能下降.     

无压浸渗制备Si3N4／Al复合材料的界面反应研究

研究Si3N4多孔预制体的表面氧化程度对无压浸渗制备Si3N4/Al复合材料界面反应以及复合材料性能的影响是复合材料优化设计的基础.不同氧化程度的Si3N4多孔预制体在相同的浸渗工艺下无压浸渗制得Si3N4/Al复合材料,利用EDS,XRD和洛氏硬度计分别测定陶瓷多孔预制体的成份,复合材料的相组成和硬度.结果表明:Si3N4/Al复合材料组成相包括Al,Si3N4,AlN以及少量的Si,Mg2Si,MgO,MgAl2O4;随着氧化程度增加,复合材料内AlN相减少,MgO含量增加,并逐渐出现MgAl2O4相;复合材料的硬度随预制体的氧化程度增加而线性下降;预制体的氧化造成Si3N4和Al之间的反应减弱是硬度下降的重要原因.     

纤维表面PIP-SiC涂层对2D-SiC_f/SiC复合材料力学性能影响

采用低浓度先驱体溶液利用先驱体浸渍裂解(PIP)工艺在SiC纤维表面制备了SiC涂层,研究了浸渍裂解次数对纤维涂层形貌的影响.研究表明,采用10%的PCS先驱体溶液经3次浸渍裂解后可在纤维表面制得连续致密的SiC涂层.采用经涂层处理的SiC纤维布经热模压成型-先驱体浸渍裂解工艺制备了2D-SiCf/SiC复合材料,其弯曲强度随制备涂层浸渍裂解次数的增加先增后降,经3次浸渍裂解制备涂层的复合材料强度最高,由未经涂层处理的163.5MPa增大到245.9MPa,强度提高近50%.研究证明,SiC纤维表面SiC涂层使纤维在材料致密化过程所受的损伤减小,同时改善了界面,使复合材料强度明显提高.     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。