Thinned stepped frequency waveforms to furnish existing radars withimaging capability

Introducing imaging capability to an existing radar, even if it is a high RF bandwidth radar, may be difficult, due to limitations on the IF bandwidth, limitations on the pulse repetition frequency and electromagnetic compatibility problems. This paper discusses the use of thinned stepped frequency waveforms, which enable the radar to switch between RF frequencies to provide a synthesized wide RF bandwidth, while the thinning may alleviate some of the constraints imposed on the radar. Random and periodic thinning are discussed in the first part of this paper. However, thinning may cause degradation in image quality, thus an additional technique-Sequence CLEAN deconvolution-is suggested. Sequence CLEAN is an iterative deconvolution algorithm, adopted from the field of radioastronomy, which is capable of resolving close targets in a dense environment, where the system response is heavily affected by high sidelobes     

电分相电弧对全向信标电磁辐射特性的分析

为了分析电气化铁路高速列车电分相电弧对机场全向信标（VOR）的影响,研究其电磁发射特性。利用电磁干扰接收机与频谱仪,分别以点频和扫频方式,对电气化铁路电分相点和普通点进行了大量辐射测试。分析测试数据的异方差性,改进回归分析方法,拟合出电弧在全向信标频段的幅频特性曲线,分析弓网电弧电磁辐射对机场全向信标的影响。结果表明：电分相电磁辐射是随机的,在电分相处比普通点大;现代电气化铁路高速列车经过电分相的测试数据异方差性比较明显,普通的最小二乘估计方法不适用;当电气化铁路电分相点与飞机距离小于4.944 km时,可能会对VOR信号产生影响。     

Studies of Electromagnetic Properties of MWCNTs after Electroless Plating with Co-Fe Alloy

A method of electroless plating is utilized to deposit Co-Fe alloy on the surface of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and electromagnetic parameters of MWCNTs with and without electroless plating are discussed. The MWCNTs covered by Co-Fe is a desirable light absorbent in wide wave band by utilizing electroless plating process in experiments. Field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and field-emission transmission electron microscope (FETEM) images as well as energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) results are presented to show the morphology, components and electromagnetic parameters of MWCNTs. Electromagnetic properties of MWCNTs are enhanced after electroless plating observed from contrast of results between MWCNTs with and without plating. In conclusion, the covering Co-Fe on the surface of MWCNTs in 2-18 GHz frequency range has better electromagnetic properties. When the material is in the 6.5 GHz electromagnetic waves, the reflection loss is up to ?10 dB, and the bandwidth more than ?4 dB is 5 GHz. The excellent electromagnetic properties make it probable for MWCNTs to be utilized as absorbent in electromagnetic shielding materials.     

机载无源测向交叉定位系统中消除系统误差的一种算法

针对机载无源探测系统采用的电磁辐射目标三角定位法,提出了一种可消除方向测量量中隐含系统误差的定位算法。     

计及频率变化的感应电动机负荷特性分析

对于异步联网系统中网架结构比较薄弱的省网系统或者系统解列后形成的孤岛,发生故障时会引起比较大的频率波动,在此情况下对感应电动机进行建模时考虑其频率特性尤为重要。基于感应电动机一阶机械暂态模型,利用解析法分别推导出不同负载特性下稳态及动态转差率关于系统频率的表达式,并在此基础上计算吸收的有功功率和无功功率,进而分析感应电动机的功率频率特性。在MATLAB中建立感应电动机五阶电磁暂态仿真模型,仿真分析不同负载特性感应电动机的功率频率特性。仿真结果与理论推导结果吻合,验证了在简化模型下推导得到的感应电动机频率特性解析式的正确性和有效性。     

飞机电磁兼容性分析

由于飞机系统日趋复杂，使用的无线电频谱越来越宽，对机上电磁干扰的分析必须采用新的方法。本文介绍了电磁干扰分析程序，并对飞机电磁干扰的耦合路径进行了分析，以便在系统设计中作为基本问题来解决。     

混合型逆变器的空间矢量调制策略优化

高速永磁同步电机驱动系统具有电磁时间常数小、高速区载波比低的特征,加剧了电流纹波,影响系统效率、振动噪声和电磁干扰。为降低高速永磁同步电机的电流纹波,基于SiC-MOSFET/Si-IGBT混合型逆变器设计了一种改进型低损耗空间矢量调制算法。首先,通过调整零电压矢量的生成方式和各功率器件的开关动作时序,将大部分开关动作转移至低损耗的SiC-MOSFET中,并为高损耗的Si-IGBT提供零电压开关条件,降低了逆变器损耗,提高了驱动系统的效率和可用开关频率,逆变器开关频率的提高有效降低了电机电流纹波。其次,对该算法作用时的电流纹波特性进行深入分析,在此基础上提出一种变开关频率模式的最优交轴电流纹波峰值调制算法以优化交轴电流纹波性能。然后,根据预测的交轴电流纹波峰值实时调整载波频率,通过削峰填谷的方式对交轴电流纹波进行平均,在不增加开关损耗的条件下,分散开关能量、降低转矩脉动、改善振动噪声和电磁兼容性能。所提方案的优势在于：较于传统型逆变器,逆变器开关损耗降低、效率提高,可进一步提升开关频率以改善电流纹波;较于传统空间矢量调制算法,改进了电压矢量的生成方式,并利用载波频率这一新增自由度分散能量,降低了交轴电流纹波。最后,通过仿真与实验对所提出算法的有效性进行了验证。     

Telemetry Transmitters Using Solid-State Wideband Microwave Voltage-Controlled Oscillators

A practical approach for meeting the immediate and future needs of communication systems that require very wideband transmitters capable of operating in the S-, C-, and X-band frequency ranges is described. Included are: 1) a review of the basic studies conducted to determine the most practical transmitter approach for wideband applications; 2) a discussion of a prototype 10-watt frequency-modulated transmitter developed to demonstrate the feasibility of a wideband system; and 3) a review of the preliminary computer analyses and empirical results obtained on the development of a unit capable of wide deviation with reasonable linearity at baseband frequencies up to 10 Megahertz.     

An LMI-based decoupling control for electromagnetic formation flight

Electromagnetic formation flight(EMFF) leverages electromagnetic force to control the relative position of satellites. EMFF offers a promising alternative to traditional propellant-based spacecraft flight formation. This novel strategy is very attractive since it does not consume fuel. Due to the highly coupled nonlinearity of electromagnetic force, it is difficult to individually design a controller for one satellite without considering others, which poses challenges to communications.This paper is devoted to decoupling control of EMFF, including regulations, constraints and controller design. A learning-based adaptive sliding mode decoupling controller is analyzed to illustrate the problem of existing results, and input rate saturation is introduced to guarantee the validity of frequency division technique. Through transformation, the imposed input rate saturation is converted to state and input constraints. A linear matrix inequalities(LMI)-based robust optimal control method can then be used and improved to solve the transformed problem. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed decoupling control.     

电机定子系统振动模态的研究分析

针对电机定子系统的振动与噪声特性,利用Ansys有限元仿真软件对电机定子系统三维模型进行模态仿真,得到电机定子系统的固有频率与振形,并通过试验对仿真结果进行验证。同时,对电机进行电磁仿真,分析其气隙磁密与电磁力谐波,得到电机内部电磁力各次谐波频率。将电磁力谐波频率与电机固有频率进行对比,确保电磁力谐波不会引起电机定子系统共振。验证了电机结构的合理性,为同类产品的设计优化提供了一定的参考价值。     

雷达俯视角对轴对称喷管测试RCS影响研究

为了研究雷达位置以及雷达波段对于轴对称排气系统电磁散射特性的影响,采用步进频率测试系统在暗室中测试了轴对称排气系统的后向雷达散射截面积(RCS);分析了俯视角对轴对称排气系统后向电磁散射特性的影响。试验结果表明:随着俯视角的增大,轴对称喷管的后向RCS会随之减小,在15°俯视角下排气系统的RCS是0°角下的30%;在不同频段下轴对称喷管的电磁散射特性基本相似。     

机载天线电磁兼容及布局分析

讨论机载天线电磁兼容及布局优化分析的数学模型。介绍了低频区、谐振区及光学区机载天线辐射场、电磁干扰余量的求解法。利用电磁干扰余量对机载天线电磁兼容（ＥＭＣ）问题进行了分析和求解,从而确定无线布局问题,给出了天线布局设计的流程图,并以机载微带共形天线为例,求解了其增益分布图和两微带天线元之间的电磁干扰余量。     

Stimulated electromagnetic emissions by high-frequency electromagnetic pumping of the ionospheric plasma

A high frequency electromagnetic pump wave transmitted into the ionospheric plasma from the ground can stimulate electromagnetic radiation with frequencies around that of the ionospherically reflected pump wave. The numerous spectral features of these stimulated electromagnetic emissions (SEE) and their temporal evolution on a wide range of time scales are reviewed and related theoretical, numerical, and simulation results are discussed. On long (thermal) time scales the SEE constitutes a self-organization of the ionospheric plasma which depends on the interaction of nonlinear processes in a hierarchy of time scales in response to the electromagnetic pumping. Particularly, the appearance of the rich SEE spectrum is associated with the slow self-structuring of the plasma density into a spectrum of magnetic field-aligned density striations. The dependence of the SEE on electron gyroharmonic effects and the presence of density striations suggests that the existence of a magnetic field in the plasma is important for plasma turbulence to dissipate into non-thermal electromagnetic radiation during the long time quasi-stationary state of the turbulence evolution.     

电脉冲除冰系统除冰激励的简化与影响因素

首先建立了电脉冲除冰系统的电路模型,求解了有无二极管条件下的理论脉冲电流曲线,通过分析计算电流与实验电流,提出了将正弦半波电流函数用于电磁场分析以简化研究除冰激励的观点,同时求解了不同电流方式下的电磁压力分布,再用结构动力学分析了不同压力载荷下实验铝板的响应位移。其次通过比较铝板中心位移实验值与动力学求解的响应位移值,其有效的吻合程度验证了用正弦半波函数电流简化电脉冲除冰激励分析的可行性。最后,在利用正弦半波电流函数简化分析脉冲激励的基础上,研究了电流大小、电频率、铝板厚度、铝板弹性模量、铝板密度以及铝板长宽比对最大响应位移的影响。研究结果表明,最大响应位移随电流增大而增大,随铝板厚度、弹性模量与密度的增大而减小,且随电频率的改变而改变,但几乎不受铝板长宽比的影响;在研究电频率时得出,可将电频率与系统结构固有频率以1:1的比例设计,此关系式是电脉冲除冰系统电路设计的基础。     

A noise insensitive solution to an ambiguity problem in spectralestimation

The instantaneous frequency measurement (IFM) receiver is capable of measuring the center frequency of single frequency pulses over a wide range (bandwidth) of center frequencies. Because of various constraints, the frequency resolution requirement results in long correlator delay times that reduce the single correlator bandwidth. A large bandwidth can be achieved only if two or more correlators are used. The problem of estimating frequency is then reduced to the simultaneous congruence problem of number theory. A design procedure is presented for solving the congruence problem for a given amount of noise protection, a stated frequency resolution, a minimum bandwidth, and a fixed level of precision (bits) in the IFM receiver     

民用飞机甚高频通信天线设计

作为民用飞机甚高频(Very High Frequency,以下简称VHF)通信系统的重要组成部分,VHF通信天线不仅辐射和接收电磁波,还要进行能量转换。VHF通信天线的设计直接影响通信中射频能量的分布,进而影响通信质量和飞行安全。简要介绍了VHF通信系统,并在给出VHF通信天线设计要求的基础上,通过工程实例分析了VHF通信天线的设计过程,最后总结了VHF通信天线设计的特点。     

基于回路整型设计的多轴振动控制

 多激励多轴向振动控制试验中,在频响函数矩阵呈现病态的频率点,控制点响应的自谱和互谱往往难以达到预定参考谱目标。针对这种情况,首先在控制频段对频响函数进行拟合修正,求得系统前置补偿矩阵,然后根据 H_∞回路整型理论对驱动谱矩阵进行整型,将整型后的驱动谱矩阵代替原驱动谱进入控制回路计算。通过试验验证表明,基于回路整型设计的修正算法,能够明显地抑制某些频段内频响函数的不良影响,自谱和互谱响应都能得到比较理想的控制结果。     

Electromagnetic Effects of Aircraft Wake-Active Feuillet Interaction

A mechanism by which an aircraft wake can interact strongly with the electromagnetic radiation present in an active elevated anomalous refractivity region (active feuillet) is analyzed. The aircraft wake structure, assumed to consist of twin contrarotating vortices plus entrained irrotational gas, trailing behind the wings of typical large aircraft is shown to be capable of descending a distance of approximately 3 wing span distances and attaining a length of the order of 10 km, prior to instability-induced disruption. The parcel of air such a descending coherent wake structure can convey into an active feuillet is demonstrated to alter significantly the local refractive index of the duct and induce substantial radiation spillage. The general characteristics of the electromagnetic radiation produced by this interaction process (i.e., scattering by diaphanous objects) is described.     

The use of multiple receivers to measure the wave characteristics of very-low-frequency noise in space

Until now most very-low-frequency (VLF) radio noise experiments in the ionosphere, magnetosphere and solar wind have been able to provide only the amplitude and spectral characteristics of VLF phenomena. Experiments using multiple receivers to measure the amplitudes and relative phases of the magnetic and electric wave components, however, can give the wave characteristics in addition. Knowledge of both the spectral and the wave characteristics are desirable in making deductions about the noise source location and mechanism and about the properties of the propagation path. Expressions are derived for obtaining the electromagnetic wave characteristics — wave normal vector, Poynting vector and wave polarization — and the electrostatic wave characteristics — wave normal direction and field magnitude — from the amplitudes and relative phases of the wave components. The antenna systems capable of measuring the necessary wave components on payloads which are not spinning, spinning, or spinning and precessing are described. Consideration is given to the experimental technique of reducing payload interference, of transferring the required data to the ground and of obtaining the desired spatial, frequency, amplitude and phase resolution.The data obtained with such an experiment may represent the superposition of signals from multiple sources and multiple paths and from interference signals. Interpretation of these results is discussed and the use of the results of obtaining information on the source location and mechanism and on the propagation path properties is described. Recently several sounding rocket and satellite experiments capable of measuring some of the wave characteristics have been flown. The results concerning the wave normal directions for several different types of VLF noise phenomena are summarized.     

三层媒质中电偶极子的仿真

偶极子模型是进行水下电磁场建模的主要手段,研究其在海水中产生的场具有重要的实际意义。针对这个问题,利用镜像法,在空气 -海水 -海底三层模型下,在电磁场唯一性原理的基础上,通过矢量磁位方法分别推导了垂直和水平电偶极子在海水中产生的极低频电磁波的解析表达式。通过该方法推导电磁波表达式的过程更加简单,且各个分量有明确的物理意义。仿真结果表明:水平电偶极子的电场和磁场的所有分量场强均大于垂直电偶极子的分量;水平电偶极子在海深方向具有方向性,而垂直电偶极子没有方向性。这些有益的结论为进一步利用垂直/水平电偶极子进行极低频电磁波研究提供参考。