一种新型布局方式的冲压发动机燃烧室

针对冲压发动机,在旁侧进气突扩燃烧室的基础上,结合凹腔火焰稳定器的特点,设计了一种新型布局的旁侧进气突扩凹腔燃烧室.采用三维两相数值计算方法,研究了凹腔位置、后壁倾角和长深比对燃烧室流场和性能的影响;针对所设计的旁侧进气突扩燃烧室和旁侧进气突扩凹腔燃烧室进行了设计点和非设计点的计算,给出了燃烧室性能参数,同时对燃烧室的...     

固体燃料超燃冲压发动机燃烧室初步实验研究

设计并搭建了一个小型直连式试车台,开展了固体燃料超燃冲压发动机燃烧室工作过程的初步实验研究。加热器提供的燃烧室入口总压与总温分别为2.2MPa与1600K,试验证明了固体燃料超燃冲压发动机燃烧室在没有外部辅助条件下能够实现自点火和稳定燃烧。实验结果表明,燃面退移速率沿轴线先增大后减小,在凹腔和等直段交界处达到最大值,其峰值超过2 mm/s。随着燃烧进行,燃烧室通道扩大,凹腔与等直段压强下降较快。由于扩张比逐渐减小,扩张段内压强变化比较平稳。实验研究了采用突扩台阶进行火焰稳定的燃烧室构型,结果表明突扩台阶不适合作为固体燃料超燃冲压发动机的火焰稳定器。     

冲压发动机燃烧室点火性能试验

对具有四个旁侧进气道带机械火焰稳定装置的整体式冲压喷气发动机的起动点火性能进行了试验研究,分析了点火能量、稳定器槽宽、来流温度、点火余气系数等因素对冲压燃烧室的点火延迟时间的影响。研究表明,点火能量是影响冲压燃烧室点火起动的重要因素,通过提高点火能量可以实现冲压发动机的快速点火起动;另外,稳定系数越高,点火余气系数对应的燃烧效率越高,发动机点火越容易。     

液氢突扩燃烧冲压发动机性能

对航天飞机用液氢突扩燃烧冲压发动机性能进行了比较详细的计算及分析。研究的工作范围为Ma=1.50～6.50、高度变化范围为H=0～40km。并把计算结果与等截面液氢冲压发动机性能进行了比较。计算结果表明,在低空低马赫数时突扩燃烧冲压发动机性能较为优越,而在高空高马赫数时性能基本没有变化。航天飞机使用突扩燃烧室冲压发动机在低空低马赫数时可以部分解决流量匹配问题,还可提高发动机推力、减少溢流阻力。燃烧室结构也较简单。     

碳氢燃料超燃冲压发动机进气道与燃烧室匹配性能试验研究

在模拟飞行马赫数Ma=6,高度25km条件的液体碳氢燃料超燃冲压发动机自由射流试验中,对比研究了4种不同进气道,不同燃烧室入口条件下模型发动机的点火与燃烧性能。试验结果表明几何内收缩比3的侧压式进气道的出口压强低而无法实现模型发动机的点火;进气道增加部分前体压缩,模型发动机则能够维持稳定燃烧,得到正推力;采用较高收缩比5.35的三维进气道的出口流场畸变程度较高,降低了隔离段抗反压的能力,会对燃烧性能产生很大影响,燃烧效率、发动机推力显著下降,甚至可能导致发动机熄火。不同长度的隔离段对比研究表明隔离段加长能够提高抗反压能力,有助于实现煤油分级燃烧,提高燃烧效率。     

涡轮基组合循环冲压燃烧室点火特性试验研究

为了考察并联式涡轮基组合循环发动机在模态转换点进气道开启比例对冲压燃烧室点火性能的影响,设计管式蒸发式二元稳定器,测取模态转换点不同速度系数(进气道开启比例)时点火边界和稳定燃烧边界,并试验研究了安装相同类型稳定器的全环冲压燃烧室点火特性,通过计算稳定器稳定性系数和最小点火能量,分析冲压燃烧室在低压、低温、高速条件下的点火性能。研究结果表明:在模态转换点冲压燃烧室进气道开启比例对蒸发式稳定器点火性能影响较大,但选择合适的进气道开启比例蒸发式稳定器可以组织燃烧,冲压燃烧室在模态转换点可以成功起动。燃烧室内气流速度的增加导致稳定性系数减小和最小点火能量增加,使稳定器组织燃烧变得困难。     

固冲组合发动机进气道设计

简要地介绍了固体火箭-冲压组合发动机进气道设计思想,叙述了后置旁侧进气道突扩的特点,由于气流的拐弯、突扩和掺混,进气道总压恢复系数辐度下降。因此过于讲究进气道本身型面设计是完全没有必要的,而尽可能减小外阻却是极为重要的。 固冲组合发动机多用于加速式地空弹,这就需要增加接力点附近的推力,因此应考虑采用超额定工作进气道,增大流量以提高地空弹加速式冲压型发动机和导弹性能。 文中对后置旁侧气道攻角适用范围以及大攻角进气道性能进行了讨论,因为这是组合发动机用于地空弹和反辐射弹需要解决的突出问题,加大组合发动机攻角范围是当前急需解决的技术关键。     

双侧进气突扩燃烧室冷态三维流场数值模拟

用к－ε模型及ＳＩＭＰＬＥ算法对双测进气扩燃烧室的进气道及主燃室进行了冷态流场数值模拟，分别对主燃室和进气道进行了二维模拟及三维模拟；燃烧室的突扩比为１．１。计算结果表明：主燃室在头部有一个小回流区，在进口处也有一个极小的回流区。研究结果表明，主燃烧室中现有回流区尺寸及强度不能满足火焰稳定的要求，须进一步采取其他措施以改进火焰稳定。     

侧边-突扩固体燃料冲压发动机燃烧室的评述

固体燃料冲压发动机不仅能达到接近液体燃料冲压发动机的性能水平,而且有比它更简易的优点.图1可见,与中心-突扩固体燃料冲压发动机的燃烧室结构相比较,侧边-突扩方案具有改善推进剂/燃料装填的特点.在本研究中,对180°周向相对的二个进气道(两者分别具有60°和90°的突扩角)进行了     

超燃冲压发动机性能预测工程方法

基于一维流体动力学守恒关系模型和燃烧化学平衡流动假设,建立了超燃冲压发动机内推力、比冲与尾喷管出口压力的关联式,消除了以往实验中存在的超燃冲压发动机性能评估的困难。利用该关系式对超燃冲压发动机燃烧室实验模型推力增益进行了计算,通过与实验测量值的对比,校核了燃烧效率。对配合现有燃烧室模型、进气道和尾喷管的一体化发动机推力性能进行了评估,获得了发动机内推力系数、比冲与尾喷管出口压力关系曲线,为超燃冲压发动机性能快速评估和优化设计提供依据。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.