基于蚁群算法的机头结构二级布局优化方法

针对民机机头结构布局设计的拓扑变量与尺寸优化变量共存的混合变量设计问题,改进一般的蚁群算法,提出多城市层的蚁群算法转移概率准则,建立基于蚁群算法拓扑优化及准则法尺寸优化设计的二级结构布局优化法,第一级针对离散设计变量,采用蚁群算法确定结构的拓扑布局;第二级针对连续设计变量,基于准则法完成结构在前一级布局下的尺寸优化设计。优化设计结果表明：在满足强度和刚度约束下,相较于初始结构,杆件结构总重量减轻32%,且较常规尺寸优化效果更好。     

具有随机不确定性的机翼颤振优化

针对不确定性参数在颤振优化分析中的影响,提出了一种含颤振约束的、具有随机不确定性的机翼气动弹性优化设计方法.在MSC.NASTRAN平台上建立了结构的动力学模型、采用ZAERO程序进行了非定常气动力计算与颤振分析,用响应面方法计算了隐式失效功能函数,以重量最小为设计目标,对包含颤振概率约束的复合材料机翼进行了优化设计....     

机翼多外挂布局颤振设计的工程方法

机翼多外挂布局颤振设计是在不改变机翼结构的条件下，对各外挂物的弦向布局位置和外挂联接刚度(包括侧摆、俯仰及偏航刚度)进行设计，使颤振速度在满足给定的约束条件下最大。相对机翼单外挂颤振设计，进行机翼多外挂布局颤振设计更易出现颤振分支改变等问题，使得多外挂颤振优化设计难度增大，针对这些困难，提出了一种机翼多外挂布局颤振优化设计的工程方法。方法利用单外挂设计的技术和程序，将多外挂设计转化为多步单外挂设计的迭代。算例表明，这一方法是可行的，优化后模型的颤振速度提高了27．6％。     

复合材料翼面结构综合优化设计技术

概要介绍了复合材料翼面结构在静力、振动、位移、舵面效率、发散速度、颤振、尺寸限制等多种约束条件下的最小重量设计技术。对优化过程中遇到的复合材料的静强度准则、均衡约束、动态上限等问题提出了相应的解决方法。用基于该技术和方法而编制出的综合设计程序系统对一个三角机翼复合材料结构进行了综合优化设计研究,在满足许用应变、尺寸限、均衡、颤振速度等约束条件下,经6次迭代得到了最佳的铺层设计结果。该机翼全尺寸静强度、耐久性/损伤容限及共振试验结果表明：理论计算与试验符合;复合材料构件中的最大应变小于许用应变约束限;按许用应变设计出的复合材料翼面蒙皮构件可满足耐久性/损伤容限要求;颤振速度比同状态金属机翼提高23%;减重效率为20%.     

复合材料翼面结构综合优化设计技术

概要介绍了复合材料翼面结构在静力、振动、位移、舵面效率、发散速度、颤振、尺寸限制等多种约束条件下的最小重量设计技术。对优化过程中遇到的复合材料的静强度准则、均衡约束、动态上限等问题提出了相应的解决方法。用基于该技术和方法而编制出的综合设计程序系统对一个三角机翼复合材料结构进行了综合优化设计研究,在满足许用应变、尺寸限、均衡、颤振速度等约束条件下,经6次迭代得到了最佳的铺层设计结果。该机翼全尺寸静强度、耐久性/损伤容限及共振试验结果表明:理论计算与试验符合;复合材料构件中的最大应变小于许用应变约束限制;按许用应变设计出的复合材料翼面蒙皮构件可满足耐久性/损伤容限要求;颤振速度比同状态金属机翼提高23％;减重效率为20％。     

部件级多组件结构系统的整体式拓扑布局优化

基于多组件结构系统整体式拓扑布局优化设计方法,研究了同时含有部件布局、组件布局、主结构框架构型和部件结构构型4类设计变量的复杂系统协同优化设计问题,是整体式拓扑布局优化设计面向复杂飞行器结构系统设计的拓展。采用多点约束(MPC)模拟组件、部件及支撑结构之间的刚性连接,采用有限包络圆方法(FCM)解决组件之间、组件与设计域边界之间的几何干涉问题。通过整体式拓扑布局的刚度优化设计,部件和组件均可以获得优化的布局位置,同时主结构框架构型和部件结构构型获得优化的结构样式,充分体现了整体式拓扑布局优化设计方法应用于复杂结构系统设计的能力。     

考虑组件保形约束的多组件结构系统布局优化

提出了一种考虑组件保形要求的组件布局-结构拓扑的多组件结构系统布局优化设计方法。在传统的多组件结构系统布局优化设计基础上，定义了组件设备的弹性应变能函数并用其定量衡量组件设备的弹性变形程度，在多组件结构系统布局优化过程中，采用组件设备的弹性应变能函数作为其保形设计约束，以实现抑制承载组件变形的设计目的。解析了组件设备保形设计约束对结构拓扑及组件布局设计变量的灵敏度，研究了组件保形设计约束与结构系统整体刚度之间的消长关系，分析了组件保形约束对组件布局及支撑结构材料拓扑分布的影响，在考虑组件保形设计约束的挂架系统布局优化模型中引入了系统的质心位置约束并完成了其解析灵敏度求解。通过数值算例，实现了考虑组件保形、材料用量分数、质心位置约束的多组件结构系统布局优化设计。数值算例的计算结果表明，引入组件保形约束的多组件结构系统布局优化设计方法能够有效抑制传力路径上参与承载的组件设备的弹性变形，实现组件设备的保形设计。     

用直观准则法的飞机翼面结构多约束优化计算

本文介绍应用直观准则法的翼面结构多约束优化计算程序SAFDOP。本程序可以分别对应力、位移、颤振和静气动弹性进行分析、优化和综合优化计算,采用约束轮换法进行综合优化计算。除应力约束采用满应力法外,其他各约束都采用均匀导数准则。为了实用,采用以元素链重量作为独立设计变量及在优化计算中自动筛选设计变量等方法,并考虑了初始数据的自动生成。用本程序计算了典型的歼击机机翼,取得了可以实用的结果。     

大展弦比复合材料机翼气动剪裁和减重优化设计

针对大展弦比复合材料机翼各部位的受力和气动特点,将机翼进行分块。在满足结构强度和稳定性等约束条件的前提下,将机翼各块的铺层厚度和铺层顺序作为设计变量,机翼的质量和颤振速度作为目标函数,进行多目标、多约束条件下的优化设计。经过优化后,机翼质量下降21.62%,颤振速度提高12.97%,且满足所有约束条件。这表明,铺层厚度和铺层顺序对机翼的质量和颤振速度有较大的影响,整体设计时,应重点考虑。     

考虑结构动力学与颤振约束的颤振缩比模型优化设计

由于颤振缩比模型与原模型在承力结构上存在差异,当二者的结构动力学特性相似时,气动弹性可能并不等效.针对该问题,提出了同时考虑结构动力学约束和颇振约束的颤振缩比模型优化设计方法,建立了利用遗传/敏度混合优化算法求解此问题的流程,研究了优化问题中目标函数和约束条件的选取方式,并以机翼颤振缩比模型为算例对方法的有效性进行了验...     

基于拓扑优化的飞机垂尾设计

提出改变传统的机翼设计方式,引入拓扑优化的方法对飞机垂尾进行结构优化设计,根据设计要求对其进行模拟仿真,找出最佳传力路径,并根据该路径找出垂尾的最佳结构形式;同时在优化设计过程中,采用了形状优化等对其进行二次优化：对拓扑优化的结果进行完善,得到更合理的材料布局形式,意在将结果推广到三维的实际设计当中,并得到更广泛的应用。     

Aeroelastic two-level optimization for preliminary design of wing structures considering robust constraints

An aeroelastic two-level optimization methodology for preliminary design of wing struc- tures is presented, in which the parameters for structural layout and sizes are taken as design vari- ables in the first-level optimization, and robust constraints in conjunction with conventional aeroelastic constraints are considered in the second-level optimization. A low-order panel method is used for aerodynamic analysis in the first-level optimization, and a high-order panel method is employed in the second-level optimization. It is concluded that the design of the abovementioned structural parameters of a wing can be improved using the present method with high efficiency. An improvement is seen in aeroelastic performance of the wing obtained with the present method when compared to the initial wing. Since these optimized structures are obtained after consideration of aerodynamic and structural uncertainties, they are well suited to encounter these uncertainties when they occur in reality.     

Topology Optimization Design for the Layout of theMain Bearing Joint of a Certain Aircraft

为了实现飞机部件的轻量化设计,将拓扑优化和代理模型相结合构建了一个结构布局优化的算法。以某型飞机主承力接头为研究对象,根据结构传力路线和工艺要求,将接头的布局优化转化为耳片的平面拓扑优化与螺栓位置的优化。以接头耳片的厚度和中间排螺栓位置作为布局变量,对每组布局变量下的耳片进行拓扑优化,对布局变量采用基于代理模型的遗传算法进行优化。以质量最小为优化目标,在强度与刚度的多约束条件下,完成了某型飞机主承力接头的布局拓扑优化。结果表明,本方法的优化结果比传统的拓扑优化结果减重约 14.5%,验证了优化算法的可行性与有效性。     

Integrated optimization design of smart morphing wing for accurate shape control

Smart morphing wing, which is equipped with smart materials and able to change structural geometry adaptively, can further improve aerodynamic efficiency of aircraft. This paper presents a new integrated layout and topology optimization design for morphing wing driven by shape memory alloys (SMAs). By simultaneously optimizing the layout of smart actuators and topology of wing substrate, the ultimately determined configuration can achieve smooth, continuous and accurate geometric shape changes. In addition, aerodynamic analysis is carried out to compare smart morphing wing with traditional hinged airfoil. Finally, the optimized smart wing structure is constructed and tested to demonstrate and verify the morphing functionality. Application setbacks are also pointed out for further investigation.     

飞机翼面结构布局综合设计方法研究

为了探讨飞机翼面结构主要纵横骨架的最佳布局问题,并提供符合工程实际的、用于概念设计阶段的飞机结构设计方法,本文采用分级优化与集成的策略,该策略分为3个层次。第一个层次为拓扑优化,并由此确定纵向骨架的个数与位置的最优布局;第二个层次为尺寸优化,它用来确定翼面的中间参数;第三个层次为稳定性准则优化,它确定横向骨架的个数与位置的最优布局。在分级优化的3个层次中,拓扑优化是独立的,尺寸优化与稳定性准则优化是相互耦合的。以国外某飞机机翼为例,结果表明本文提出分级优化的思路与所采用的集成方法是可行的,并且具有很好的数值效果。作者认为：它对从事飞机结构设计的人员有一定的指导性和参考价值,值得在飞机设计部门推广应用。最后,总结给出5点结论供参考。     

考虑复合材料蒙皮稳定性的飞机翼面结构布局优化设计

 复合材料蒙皮稳定性是飞机翼面结构设计需要考虑的重要方面。由于翼面结构稳定性理论分析的复杂性,工程中,通常采用与理论分析相比拟的简化方法、使用简便可靠的经验公式在设计过程中进行稳定性校核。多墙式结构是当前翼面结构中普遍采用的结构形式,墙的布局和蒙皮的厚度对复合材料蒙皮的临界屈曲载荷有着重要影响。因此,针对多墙式翼面结构,以工程经验公式为基础,以蒙皮单位长度上的的重量为优化目标,以墙的布局参数和蒙皮厚度为设计变量,以临界失稳载荷为约束,建立了一种考虑复合材料蒙皮稳定性的翼面结构布局优化问题的数学模型,导出了目标函数敏度计算的解析式,并提出了优化问题的求解方法。以翼盒结构为例,验证了该方法的有效性。     

机翼结构拓扑优化的一种新渐进结构优化方法

基本ESO方法存在着删除准则单一,应用范围局限于简单结构的缺点,本文分析了其用于类似飞机机翼这种复杂结构拓扑优化设计中的不足之处,并进行针对性地改进,提出了一种新的删除准则,构成了一种新的渐进结构优化方法。算例表明,该方法适合于复杂机翼结构的拓扑优化问题,拓展了基本渐进结构优化方法的功能,有着很好的推广应用价值。     

Topology optimization of compliant adaptive wing leading edge with composite materials

An approach for designing the compliant adaptive wing leading edge with composite material is proposed based on the topology optimization. Firstly, an equivalent constitutive relationship of laminated glass fiber reinforced epoxy composite plates has been built based on the symmetric laminated plate theory. Then, an optimization objective function of compliant adaptive wing leading edge was used to minimize the least square error（LSE） between deformed curve and desired aerodynamics shape. After that, the topology structures of wing leading edge of different glass fiber ply-orientations were obtained by using the solid isotropic material with penalization（SIMP） model and sensitivity filtering technique. The desired aerodynamics shape of compliant adaptive wing leading edge was obtained based on the proposed approach. The topology structures of wing leading edge depend on the glass fiber ply-orientation. Finally, the corresponding morphing experiment of compliant wing leading edge with composite materials was implemented, which verified the morphing capability of topology structure and illustrated the feasibility for designing compliant wing leading edge. The present paper lays the basis of ply-orientation optimization for compliant adaptive wing leading edge in unmanned aerial vehicle（UAV） field.     

Integration of Manufacturing Cost into Structural Optimization of Composite Wings

 The manufacturing cost is a significant factor that must be considered in the structural design of a composite wing. A multi-objective optimization method for the tradeoff between manufacturing cost and weight of composite wing structure is developed by integrating the manufacturing cost model into the traditional wing structural optimization. A two-level optimiza-tion method is proposed to carry out the tradeoff between manufacturing cost and weight, in which the design variables include both structural layout and dimensions and a cost model is incorporated into structural optimization. The manufacturing cost model for a composite wing and the detail procedure for solving this tradeoff problem are presented. The application of the method to the composite wing structural design of an unmanned aerial vehicle is illustrated to verify the method. The applica-tion indicates that the method is able to find the Pareto optimal set of minimum structural weight and manufacturing cost. Based on the Pareto optimal set, one can conduct the tradeoff between manufacturing cost and weight of wing structures.     

Integrated batteries layout and structural topology optimization for a solar-powered drone

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate an integrated optimization scheme for a solar-powered drone structure. Consider a primary beam in the wing of large aspect ratio, where 100 lithium batteries are assembled. In the proposed integrated optimization, the batteries are considered here as parts of the load-carrying structure. The corresponding mechanical behaviors are simulated in the structural design and described with super-elements. The batteries layout and the structural topology are then introduced as mixed design variables and optimized simultaneously to achieve an accordant load-carrying path. Geometrical nonlinearity is considered due to the large deformation. Different periodic structural configurations are tested in the optimization in order to meet the structural manufacturing and assembly convenience. The optimized designs are rebuilt and tested in different load cases. Maintaining the same structural weight, the global mechanical performances are improved greatly compared with the initial design.