Transverse Oscillations of Coronal Loops

On 14 July 1998 TRACE observed transverse oscillations of a coronal loop generated by an external disturbance most probably caused by a solar flare. These oscillations were interpreted as standing fast kink waves in a magnetic flux tube. Firstly, in this review we embark on the discussion of the theory of waves and oscillations in a homogeneous straight magnetic cylinder with the particular emphasis on fast kink waves. Next, we consider the effects of stratification, loop expansion, loop curvature, non-circular cross-section, loop shape and magnetic twist. An important property of observed transverse coronal loop oscillations is their fast damping. We briefly review the different mechanisms suggested for explaining the rapid damping phenomenon. After that we concentrate on damping due to resonant absorption. We describe the latest analytical results obtained with the use of thin transition layer approximation, and then compare these results with numerical findings obtained for arbitrary density variation inside the flux tube. Very often collective oscillations of an array of coronal magnetic loops are observed. It is natural to start studying this phenomenon from the system of two coronal loops. We describe very recent analytical and numerical results of studying collective oscillations of two parallel homogeneous coronal loops. The implication of the theoretical results for coronal seismology is briefly discussed. We describe the estimates of magnetic field magnitude obtained from the observed fundamental frequency of oscillations, and the estimates of the coronal scale height obtained using the simultaneous observations of the fundamental frequency and the frequency of the first overtone of kink oscillations. In the last part of the review we summarise the most outstanding and acute problems in the theory of the coronal loop transverse oscillations.     

高阶间断有限元法的并行计算研究

根据间断有限元法的数据结构特点,基于METIS网格分区技术,设计并行计算策略,在非结构网格上实现了并行高阶间断有限元法。控制方程的数值通量项使用Local Lax-Friedrichs(LLF)格式计算。设计了并行的牛顿-块高斯赛德尔法(Newton-Block GS)来加速收敛,提高迭代效率。并行性能分析表明,所设计的并行算法能够得到较好的加速比和并行效率,有效地节省计算时间,合理分配内存。这使得采用高阶间断有限元法计算更为复杂的问题成为可能。     

动态负载平衡的二维非结构网格DSMC并行算法研究

基于PC-CLUSTER群机并行体系结构与消息传递库MPI并行环境,研究了二维非结构网格DSMC并行算法。提出一类非结构网格动态分区策略,保证各子区域的分子数量大致相等,实现计算进程间的动态负载平衡。利用MPI库函数构造了符合DSMC并行原理的单步通讯法。采用单控制多数据流(SPMD)以及Master/Slave并行模式,设计了二维非结构网格DSMC整体并行算法。在程序的编制过程中,充分展现了Fortran90高级语言的主要特性,引人动态数组、指针、链表及派生类型数据。最后对过渡流域高超声速绕流进行了并行计算,数值试验的结果表明本文设计的并行算法可以取得较为理想的加速比。     

CFD软件自动化验证确认云平台设计与实现

针对大型计算流体力学(CFD)软件的验证与确认,为了减少人工成本,提高软件质量和开发效率,并适应于未来高性能计算发展的要求,基于云计算思想,提出了自动化测试云平台的解决方案。该方案采用模块化的浏览器/服务器(B/S)网络架构;利用LAMP(Linux+Apache+MySQL+PHP/Python)开发工具;建立了持续集成的专业数据库;构建了涵盖可靠集群监控、复杂作业调度及大规模并行计算功能的云端环境;实现了通过便捷的网络访问,自动加载测试算例、提交集群计算、监测实时进度、自动化后处理、输出分析结果,并提供丰富的实验对比图、误差分析报表和汇总报告等;完成了对大型CFD软件的自动化验证与确认。将该方案应用于某大规模并行计算的CFD软件,验证了该解决方案的可行性与实用性。     

面内弯曲载荷作用下两边简支两边固支复合材料层合板的屈曲

为扩充航空复合材料结构稳定性设计手段,基于Levy形式级数和有限差分法,提出了面内纯弯曲载荷作用下两边简支两边固支（SSCC）复合材料层合板临界屈曲载荷的数值解法。首先,应用有限差分法将挠度函数进行离散化处理;然后利用边界条件扩充方程组,最后将临界屈曲载荷的求解转化为广义特征值问题。通过数值算例分别在各向同性板和复合材料层合板上验证了本文方法,并与有限元方法（FEM）进行了比较。结果表明,本文方法具有很高的精度,为复合材料层合板的屈曲分析开辟了新的途径。     

多块多重网格法及其跨声速转子内流并行模拟

为提高压气机内部复杂流动计算的收敛速度,发展了一种多块多重网格上的可压缩流动并行计算流体动力学(CFD)方法,数值模拟了跨声速转子NASA Rotor 35内部流动及气动性能,重点分析了对接分区方式和内界面通信模式对并行性能的影响。结果表明:对接分区方法和多块多重网格内界面数据处理方法能够保证串、并行CFD方法结果基本一致,且与实验数据吻合良好;并行精度基本不受分区数目和通信模式的影响,并行效率随着相对通信负载的增大而降低。所发展的并行计算方法对跨声速转子气动分析和设计具有一定的可靠性,为开发大型流体机械复杂流动的基础并行算法及软件提供了参考价值。     

Numerical Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Modeling of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs)

The Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) is arguably the most important discovery of solar eruptive phenomena in the 20th century. It is now also recognized that CMEs have great impact on the Earth's environment by inducing geomagnetic storms. Thus, development of simulation models to understand the physical mechanisms of CME initiation and propagation has become a challenge in the solar MHD community. In this paper we shall summarize chronologically the development of the theoretical analyses, and the successes and failures of the numerical magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) during the past two decades. The chronological development of numerical simulation models and the evolution of the numerical methods to treat this class of problems are presented. The most appropriate way to model CMEs is to have (i) a realistic pre-event coronal atmosphere, and (ii) realistic driving mechanisms. Details of the progress and assessment of the theoretical and modeling efforts for the understanding of the physics of the CME initiation and propagation will be presented, and the numerical methods to construct these simulation models will be discussed.     

多GPU并行可压缩流求解器及其性能分析

为实现可压缩流问题的大规模高效数值求解,开展基于图形处理单元（GPU）的并行计算研究。在NVIDIA GTX 1070上建立了基于消息传递接口+统一计算设备架构（MPI+CUDA）的多GPU并行可压缩流求解器,该求解器基于结构网格有限体积法,空间离散采用AUSM⁺UP格式。采用一维区域分解法对计算网格进行划分,使得各GPU之间达到负载平衡。针对超声速进气道算例,对算法单GPU并行性能和多GPU可扩展性能进行分析。数值结果显示,单GPU并行计算可以获得37~46倍的加速比,极大地提高了计算效率;4块GPU并行计算加速比从47倍增加到143倍,并行效率维持在70%以上,说明并行算法具有良好的可扩展性。     

Systolic robust adaptive beamforming with an adjustable constraint

This paper presents a novel, fully parallel algorithm for robust linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV) beamforming. The robustness results from the use of an adjustable constraint to compensate for the unavoidable small mismatch between the nominal and the actual steering vector of the signal-of-interest. The need for parallelism follows from the large computational demands of beamforming algorithms and by the high data rates which are typically present in communications applications. The algorithm exhibits good numerical properties as it is based on orthogonal transformations only. Two systolic architectures are presented on which the throughput is independent of the size of the beamformer     

Coronal magnetic field evolution under reconnective relaxation

The nonlinear evolution of a partially open coronal magnetic configuration is considered, assuming that corona responds to photospheric footpoint motions by small-scale reconnection events that produce a relaxed lower-energy state while conserving the global magnetic helicity of the system. The results of numerical calculations for such a relaxed equilibrium show an essential role of the amount of helicity injected to the closed-field region. If photospheric perturbations are incoherent (small-scale shearing with inefficient helicity injection), the relaxed state becomes close to an initial potential field. In this case reconnective relaxation does not result in a substantial global evolution, just providing heating of the corona (Vekstein et al, 1993). On the contrary, sufficient injection of the magnetic helicity can lead to a considerable restructuring of the coronal magnetic configuration, with possible change of its topology (formation of magnetic islands), and even catastrophic loss of equilibrium (Wolfson et al, 1994)     

基于CFD高精度算法的雷电电磁场研究

雷电空间电磁场一直是电磁领域研究的热门，成熟的算法例如有限时域差分法（FDTD），传输线矩阵法（TLM）以及频域的矩量法（MoM）在计算雷电问题方面都有广泛的应用。由于计算流体力学（CFD）中的Euler方程与电磁学中的Maxwell方程有着相同的守恒形式，而且采用间断伽辽金方法（DG）已经在流场问题上得到广泛的尝试，因此引入了基于计算流体力学的DG方法来离散时域Maxwell方程，并采用网格分区并行技术加速计算，使用基于DG的圆球雷达散射截面积（RCS）算例进行测试，数值结果一致表明DG算法在求解电磁场问题上的可行性，之后通过计算一段近场雷电通道的电场分布并与解析解、某算法仿真解对比，数据基本吻合，说明该方法适合于雷电电磁场的计算。     

四对角喷管外向辐射角系数的数值模拟

研究了四对角喷管复杂几何体系幅射角系数的数值计算方法,并给出部分典型计算结果。基于两种坐标系和坐标变换的这一计算方法具有计算工作量小,代码效率高的优点,为小间距四发动机并联推进变轨飞行方案热可行性分析作好了准备。     

Constraints on the FIP Mechanisms from Solar Wind Abundance Data

In the slow solar wind, elements with (first) ionisation potential (FIP) between ∼10 eV and 22 eV are depleted by a factor of about 4 relative to their abundances in the Outer Convective Zone (OCZ), and helium (FIP = 24.5 eV) is further depleted by a factor of ∼1.8. This depletion, called the FIP effect, is much less pronounced in the high speed streams coming out of coronal holes. The systematics of element depletion suggests that the FIP effect is produced at a temperature ∼104 K and that it is controlled by the time of ionisation at the solar surface. At the boundary of the polar coronal holes, the transition from a strong to a weak FIP effect is relatively sharp and coincides with the change in coronal electron temperature, indicating a profound change in coronal as well as chromospheric properties at this boundary. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

微推偏火箭喷管非对称内流场数值模拟

研究了入流倾斜于喷管超音速段轴线的微推偏喷管内流场。数值方法是具有高分辨率高精度的三维隐式有限体积的ＴＶＤ格式。针对一系列典型锥形喷管和钟型喷管,数值模拟结果得出非对称内流场的侧向力和侧向力矩随喷管几何结构以及入流条件变化的一些特征,并同有关实验结果符合良好,对微推偏喷管设计具有一定的指导意义。     

一种求解涡轮平面叶栅的跨音松驰法

一、引　　言跨音松驰法是七十年代初发展的一种新方法。文献 [1 ]是一篇关于跨音松驰法的奠基性文章 ,文章提出了求解小扰动势方程的混合差分格式。文献 [2 ]发展了求解全位势方程的旋转混合差分格式。近年来 ,求解跨音全位势方程的方法有了更全面的发展 [4、5]。作者于 80年发展了一种求解大弯度二维叶栅的跨音松驰法[3] 。本文将该法推广到求解涡轮平面叶栅跨音带激波流场 ,直接求解全位势方程 ,进一步提高边界区差分格式的精度 ,并注意初场的给法。本法具有节约机时和内存的优点。数值算例表明 ,对于头部不大的涡轮平面叶栅 ,应用本方法…     

FIP Effect in the Solar Upper Atmosphere: Spectroscopic Results

Recent spectroscopic measurements from instruments on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) find that the coronal composition above a polar coronal hole is nearly photospheric. However, similar SOHO observations show that in coronal plasmas above quiet equatorial regions low-FIP elements are enhanced by a factor of ≈ 4. In addition, the process of elemental settling in coronal plasmas high above the solar surface was shown to exist. Measurements by the Ulysses spacecraft, which are based on non-spectroscopic particle counting techniques, show that, with the exception of He, the elemental composition of the fast speed solar wind is similar to within a factor of 1.5 to the composition of the photosphere. In contrast, similar measurements in the slow speed wind show that elements with low first ionization potential (FIP < 10 eV) are enhanced, relative to the photosphere, by a factor of 4-5. By combining the SOHO and Ulysses results, ideas related to the origin of the slow speed solar wind are presented. Using spectroscopic measurements by the Solar Ultraviolet Measurement of Emitted Radiation (SUMER) instrument on SOHO the photospheric abundance of He was determined as 8.5 ± 1.3% (Y = 0.248). This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

液体发动机燃烧室流场模拟的并行SIMPLE算法

用串行和并行ＳＩＭＰＬＥ算法对液体火箭发动机燃烧室内的复杂流动进行了数值模拟。控制方程组用欧拉坐标系下的Ｎ－Ｓ方程组描述。在并行虚拟机环境下研究了交错网格系统中参数的传输和接受模式, 从计算结果可以看出并行计算的效率较高, 是解决此类复杂流动大规模数值模拟问题的有效手段之一。     

双三角翼大迎角绕流的并行计算

本文在ＬＵ－ＳＧＳ方法求解可压缩Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程的串行程序基础上,发展了适合ＭＰＰ系统类型的并行计算机的并行算法程序,并针对双三角翼大迎角绕流问题,就不同的并行计算方法进行了对比研究,探讨了优化并行策略,提高计算效率和计算加速比等问题。     

Large-scale Coronal Heating, Clustering of Coronal Bright Points, and Concentration of Magnetic Flux

By combining quiet-region Fe XII coronal images from SOHO/EIT with magnetograms from NSO/Kitt Peak and from SOHO/MDI, we show that the population of network coronal bright points and the magnetic flux content of the network are both markedly greater under the bright half of the large-scale quiet corona than under the dim half. These results (1) support the view that the heating of the entire corona in quiet regions and coronal holes is driven by fine-scale magnetic activity (microflares, explosive events, spicules) seated low in the magnetic network, and (2) suggest that this large-scale modulation of the magnetic flux and coronal heating is a signature of giant convection cells. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

跨流域高超声速绕流Boltzmann模型方程并行算法

通过对Boltzmann方程碰撞积分进行模型化处理,提出了统一描述各流域复杂高超声速流动输运现象的气体分子速度分布函数控制方程,使用离散速度坐标法对分布函数方程所依赖的速度空间离散降维,构造出直接求解分子速度分布函数的气体动理论耦合迭代数值格式,研制了复杂飞行器高超声速绕流气动热力学计算模型。基于对气体动理论数值计算方法内在并行性、变量依赖关系、数据通信与并行可扩展性的分析研究,使用区域分解并行化方法提出了新型的气体动理论数值算法并行方案;研究了数据的并行分布与并行执行特征,开展了大规模的并行化程序设计,构造了可稳定运行于成千上万CPU的高性能并行算法,用以模拟各流域复杂飞行器的高超声速绕流问题。以稀薄流到连续流环境下不同Knudsen数、不同马赫数的可重复使用类球锥卫星体及翼身组合复杂飞行器等气动力、热绕流问题为研究对象展开大规模并行计算,并进行算法验证,所得计算结果与理论分析、直接模拟蒙特卡罗方法(DSMC)的模拟值及有关实验数据吻合较好,揭示了飞行器跨流域高超声速下的复杂流动机理与变化规律,提供了一条能够可靠模拟高超声速飞行器跨流域气动力及热问题的统一的算法应用研究途径。