Nb-Si 基超高温合金的研究进展

Nb-Si基超高温合金由于熔点高、密度低和优良的高温强度等特点受到广泛关注,极具作为下一代高推重比航空发动机和超然冲压发动机的热端部件用材料的潜力.本文主要介绍了国内外在合金化、粉末冶金、定向凝固和热处理工艺对Nb-Si基合金组织和性能影响等方面的研究现状,并展望了其发展趋势.     

Ti2AlNb基合金的ISM熔炼研究

讨论了Ti2AlNb基合金的熔炼特点,概括介绍了真空水冷铜坩埚感应凝壳熔炼的设备结构原理和工艺技术,结合Ti2AlNb基合金的熔炼实践,研究了合金元素的加入形式、熔炼室真空度对合金铸锭的均匀性以及合金中Al挥发烧损的影响规律。结果表明:采用水冷铜坩埚真空感应凝壳熔炼Ti2AlNb基合金,合金铸锭成分均匀性很好,随着熔炼工艺的不同,Al挥发烧损在5％～10％（质量分数）之间。     

Ti2AINb基合金的ISM熔炼研究

讨论了Ti2AINb基合金的熔炼特点，概括介绍了真空水冷铜坩埚感应激壳熔炼的设备结构原理和工艺技术，结合Ti2AINb基合金的熔炼实践，研究了合金元素的加入形式、熔炼室真空度对合金铸锭的均匀性以及合金中Al挥发烧损的影响规律。结果表明：采用水冷铜坩埚真空感应凝壳熔炼Ti2AINb基合金，合金铸锭成发均匀性很好，随着熔炼工艺的不同，Al挥发烧损在5%～10%(质量分数）之间。     

高铌钛铝合金的制备工艺

研究了高铌TiAl金属间化合物的材料制备工艺。结果表明,感应凝壳熔炼时的合金收得率远远小于自耗熔炼时的合金收得率,因此在熔炼过程中损失主要来自于感应熔炼过程,而感应熔炼过程中合金的损失主要来自于凝壳大小及合金熔液挥发的多少;高铌TiAl合金的成分波动主要是由于凝壳大小波动造成的,感应熔炼完成后合金的Al含量取决于凝壳和合金溶液挥发对合金Al含量的共同影响效果;高铌TiAl合金在熔炼过程中,Nb的含量是在逐渐增加的。经过1200℃,24小时均匀化退火可以消除原始铸态组织的枝晶偏析。     

粉末冶金技术在航空发动机中的应用

概述了粉末冶金技术的优势,简要介绍了镍基高温合金、钛基合金、难熔金属、超高温合金、氧化物弥散强化合金和喷涂合金粉末等几种典型的航空发动机用粉末冶金材料。重点阐述了镍基高温合金粉末钛基合金粉末和喷涂合金粉末的制备关键和研究热点,分析了热等静压、喷射成形、注射成形和快速成形工艺的特点和发展状况。最后指出了粉末冶金技术在航空发动机中的应用潜力和研究方向。     

钛硅共晶合金的组织与性能研究

在氩气保护下，利用非自耗钨极水冷铜坩埚电弧熔炼法制备Ti-Si共晶合金，并研究其组织与性能。X射线衍射结果，室温下铸态Ti-Si合金的组织由α-Ti基体和金属间化合物TisSi3两相组成，具有非平衡凝固特征。Miedema理论计算说明，TisSi3相的生成热比高温下β-Ti的生成热更小，共晶反应时Ti3Si3相先析出。首次测得Ti-Si共晶系合金的压缩强度和塑性，分析断口特征发现，不同共晶类型的Ti-Si合金虽然都属于脆性断裂，但断裂机制不尽相同。     

新一代超高温热障涂层研究

介绍先进燃气涡轮发动机热障涂层的研究背景、意义和现状;综述近年来国内外在新一代超高温热障涂层方面的研究进展,包括新型超高温、高隔热陶瓷隔热层材料,1150℃以上抗高温氧化、与先进单晶高温合金化学匹配的新型金属黏结层材料,长寿命、高可靠性热障涂层结构设计以及先进热障涂层制备技术;分析发动机环境下CMAS沉积物对热障涂层的损伤机理以及相关的CMAS防护方法;最后展望新一代超高温热障涂层的发展动向及研究热点.     

超磁致伸缩材料及其在航空航天工业中的应用

介绍了超磁致伸缩材料在国内外发展状况,系统地比较了该材料各种制备方法的优缺点及其适用领域,采用真空感应熔炼和真空区熔定向凝固方法制备出 Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.95 超磁致伸缩合金,用 X-射线及光学金相分析了该合金的凝固组织形貌、微观结构和晶体择优生长方向。结果表明,该合金的铸态组织为树枝状的Mg Cu2 型 ( Tb,Dy) Fe2 和富稀土相两相结构。本实验条件下,该合金定向凝固形态为胞状晶和树枝晶,其晶体生长择优取向分别为〈1 1 0〉和〈1 1 2〉方向。同时介绍了超型磁致伸缩材料在航空航天工业中的应用前景     

镍基定向凝固合金表面涂层力学参数测量

针对所研究的镍基定向凝固合金表面高温防护涂层的厚度远大于一般涂层的特点,提出一种简捷方便的新方法测量涂层的硬度和弹性模量,便于同时研究涂层表面和系统界面对测量结果的影响.并通过传统纳米压痕仪的测量结果,以及镀在另一种定向凝固合金表面的同一种涂层测量结果间的对比,验证了试验结果的正确性.     

金属间化合物Al2 CuMg的制备

依据Al-Cu-Mg合金相图,采用不同比例的原材料成分配比进行真空冶炼和热处理制备金属间化合物Al2CuMg,并采用扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析、X射线衍射等方法分析材料的成分、组成和微观组织。结果表明:配比为51Al-33Cu-16Mg(质量分数,下同)的原材料经真空熔炼、定向凝固和水冷后得到粗大晶粒的Al2CuMg相,且杂质较多;配比为50Al-25Cu-25Mg的原材料经真空熔炼、凝固和水冷获得多相材料,在510℃进行不同时间的热处理,经72h保温处理后能得到纯度高达98%的Al2CuMg相材料。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.