Nb-Si 基超高温合金的研究进展

Nb-Si基超高温合金由于熔点高、密度低和优良的高温强度等特点受到广泛关注,极具作为下一代高推重比航空发动机和超然冲压发动机的热端部件用材料的潜力.本文主要介绍了国内外在合金化、粉末冶金、定向凝固和热处理工艺对Nb-Si基合金组织和性能影响等方面的研究现状,并展望了其发展趋势.     

Ti2AlNb基合金的ISM熔炼研究

讨论了Ti2AlNb基合金的熔炼特点,概括介绍了真空水冷铜坩埚感应凝壳熔炼的设备结构原理和工艺技术,结合Ti2AlNb基合金的熔炼实践,研究了合金元素的加入形式、熔炼室真空度对合金铸锭的均匀性以及合金中Al挥发烧损的影响规律。结果表明:采用水冷铜坩埚真空感应凝壳熔炼Ti2AlNb基合金,合金铸锭成分均匀性很好,随着熔炼工艺的不同,Al挥发烧损在5％～10％（质量分数）之间。     

Ti2AINb基合金的ISM熔炼研究

讨论了Ti2AINb基合金的熔炼特点，概括介绍了真空水冷铜坩埚感应激壳熔炼的设备结构原理和工艺技术，结合Ti2AINb基合金的熔炼实践，研究了合金元素的加入形式、熔炼室真空度对合金铸锭的均匀性以及合金中Al挥发烧损的影响规律。结果表明：采用水冷铜坩埚真空感应凝壳熔炼Ti2AINb基合金，合金铸锭成发均匀性很好，随着熔炼工艺的不同，Al挥发烧损在5%～10%(质量分数）之间。     

高铌钛铝合金的制备工艺

研究了高铌TiAl金属间化合物的材料制备工艺。结果表明,感应凝壳熔炼时的合金收得率远远小于自耗熔炼时的合金收得率,因此在熔炼过程中损失主要来自于感应熔炼过程,而感应熔炼过程中合金的损失主要来自于凝壳大小及合金熔液挥发的多少;高铌TiAl合金的成分波动主要是由于凝壳大小波动造成的,感应熔炼完成后合金的Al含量取决于凝壳和合金溶液挥发对合金Al含量的共同影响效果;高铌TiAl合金在熔炼过程中,Nb的含量是在逐渐增加的。经过1200℃,24小时均匀化退火可以消除原始铸态组织的枝晶偏析。     

粉末冶金技术在航空发动机中的应用

概述了粉末冶金技术的优势,简要介绍了镍基高温合金、钛基合金、难熔金属、超高温合金、氧化物弥散强化合金和喷涂合金粉末等几种典型的航空发动机用粉末冶金材料。重点阐述了镍基高温合金粉末钛基合金粉末和喷涂合金粉末的制备关键和研究热点,分析了热等静压、喷射成形、注射成形和快速成形工艺的特点和发展状况。最后指出了粉末冶金技术在航空发动机中的应用潜力和研究方向。     

钛硅共晶合金的组织与性能研究

在氩气保护下，利用非自耗钨极水冷铜坩埚电弧熔炼法制备Ti-Si共晶合金，并研究其组织与性能。X射线衍射结果，室温下铸态Ti-Si合金的组织由α-Ti基体和金属间化合物TisSi3两相组成，具有非平衡凝固特征。Miedema理论计算说明，TisSi3相的生成热比高温下β-Ti的生成热更小，共晶反应时Ti3Si3相先析出。首次测得Ti-Si共晶系合金的压缩强度和塑性，分析断口特征发现，不同共晶类型的Ti-Si合金虽然都属于脆性断裂，但断裂机制不尽相同。     

新一代超高温热障涂层研究

介绍先进燃气涡轮发动机热障涂层的研究背景、意义和现状;综述近年来国内外在新一代超高温热障涂层方面的研究进展,包括新型超高温、高隔热陶瓷隔热层材料,1150℃以上抗高温氧化、与先进单晶高温合金化学匹配的新型金属黏结层材料,长寿命、高可靠性热障涂层结构设计以及先进热障涂层制备技术;分析发动机环境下CMAS沉积物对热障涂层的损伤机理以及相关的CMAS防护方法;最后展望新一代超高温热障涂层的发展动向及研究热点.     

超磁致伸缩材料及其在航空航天工业中的应用

介绍了超磁致伸缩材料在国内外发展状况,系统地比较了该材料各种制备方法的优缺点及其适用领域,采用真空感应熔炼和真空区熔定向凝固方法制备出 Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.95 超磁致伸缩合金,用 X-射线及光学金相分析了该合金的凝固组织形貌、微观结构和晶体择优生长方向。结果表明,该合金的铸态组织为树枝状的Mg Cu2 型 ( Tb,Dy) Fe2 和富稀土相两相结构。本实验条件下,该合金定向凝固形态为胞状晶和树枝晶,其晶体生长择优取向分别为〈1 1 0〉和〈1 1 2〉方向。同时介绍了超型磁致伸缩材料在航空航天工业中的应用前景     

镍基定向凝固合金表面涂层力学参数测量

针对所研究的镍基定向凝固合金表面高温防护涂层的厚度远大于一般涂层的特点,提出一种简捷方便的新方法测量涂层的硬度和弹性模量,便于同时研究涂层表面和系统界面对测量结果的影响.并通过传统纳米压痕仪的测量结果,以及镀在另一种定向凝固合金表面的同一种涂层测量结果间的对比,验证了试验结果的正确性.     

湿吹砂电弧离子镀AlSiY涂层的抗高温腐蚀性能

为解决和减轻航空发动机及燃气轮机高压涡轮叶片合金表面的高温腐蚀问题,采用空心阴极电弧离子镀技术在DZ22定向凝固镍基高温合金表面沉积AlSiY涂层。结果表明,沉积的AlSiY涂层经过高温真空扩散热处理后由表面层、中间层和薄的内扩散层组成,为β–NiAl单相金属间化合物合金,具有高活度扩散渗铝涂层的组织特征。热腐蚀热重分析以及对涂层截面形貌观察结果说明湿吹砂处理显著改善了涂层抗涂盐及燃气高温腐蚀性能。未湿吹砂处理的AlSiY扩散涂层表面的涂盐和燃气热腐蚀产物皆为Al₂O₃和NiAl₂O₄,氧化膜较厚且涂层内有孔洞形成,涂层几乎全部退化成了γ′–Ni₃Al相。经过湿吹砂处理的AlSiY扩散涂层的涂盐和燃气热腐蚀产物都以Al₂O₃为主,生成的氧化铝膜薄而致密,显著改善涂层的抗高温热腐蚀性能,从而延长涂层的使用寿命。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.