上海地区台风风特性Monte-Carlo随机模拟研究

收集和整理了1949年至2005年台风年鉴统计资料和上海崇明岛侯家镇气象站逐时(连续)气象观测记录.对于上海近年来两次强台风(麦莎0509和卡努0515)进行了案例分析,表明台风风场的强变异性不容忽视,台风风环境评价采用可靠度分析理论具有相当的优势.Monte-Carlo台风随机模拟结果亦表明极值风速样本分布具有偏态性,由此建议了极值风速估算保证率系数的合理取值.采用Monte-Carlo台风风场随机模型和敏感度分析方法计算了不同场地条件风环境随机参数对于台风极值风速的贡献程度,并对上海地区的台风风场参数合理取值进行了优化.最后,以越界峰值法和广义Pareto分布探讨了工程场地目标重现期内极值风速预测过程,再现了几类典型工程场地台风风环境的梯度风高度、平均风剖面、极值风速和阵风因子取值特点,并与建筑结构荷载规范进行了对比.     

近海岸强风风场特性现场实测研究

基于近海岸100m测风塔获取的近海面地貌条件5个不同高度风速数据。以10m标准高度平均风速大于10m/s为强风标准,选取台风和季风风场强风样本,应用Bootstrap统计分析法,对强风条件下近地层平均风剖面、湍流强度剖面、湍流特征参数进行分析,探讨了台风和季风条件下这些参数的差异,并将实测结果与风荷载规范规定值进行比较,检验风载荷规范的适宜性。分析结果表明:近地边界层的平均风剖面符合指数律或对数律,台风和季风风剖面指数分别约为0.12和0.06;近地平均湍流度剖面符合指数律,台风风场各高度平均湍流度与现行规范相接近;台风风场各高度阵风因子均值较风荷载规范推算值要大,但季风风场阵风因子均值与规范推算值相接近。     

超强台风山竹近地层外围风速剖面演变特性现场实测

利用多普勒激光雷达在琼州海峡北岸徐闻地区从2018年9月15日12:28到2018年9月17日13:53对1822号超强台风山竹外围风场进行实测,获得台风登陆前29个小时至登陆后21个小时时间范围内每隔10min一次的近地层风速剖面演变数据。总结台风远端风场演变过程的4个阶段:外围小风、登陆前强风切变、登陆后低空急流、台风远离时风速衰减;发现台风远端风场S形和反C形2种风剖面形态;总结距离台风中心230～750km范围内最大风速高度沿台风半径向外先增大后减小的趋势;发现台风登陆前远端风场平均最大风速高度约360m,平均风剖面幂指数0.41,登陆后平均最大风速高度约800m,平均风剖面幂指数0.28;验证Vickery提出的对数律修正模型对台风远端风场风剖面形态的适用性,发现该模型对反C形风剖面拟合度较好,对S形风剖面上部重现度较差。     

不同大气稳定度下台风"莫拉克"(2009)的近地风场特性

为了探究台风影响期间不同大气稳定度条件对近地层风场特性的影响,基于2009年台风"莫拉克"移动路径上的三座测风塔测得的高频三维风速时程,分析了台风影响期间中性、稳定、不稳定三种大气层结状况的分布频率,以及不同稳定度条件下近地层平均风场特性(平均风速和风向)和脉动风场特性(湍流强度、阵风因子、湍流积分尺度和脉动风速谱).研究结果表明,台风外围雨带区影响期间非中性层结发生概率约44％;在非中性层结影响下,平均风速出现频率最高的区间(10～12?m/s,14～16?m/s)不同于中性层结(12～14?m/s),且湍流强度最高频数分布较为集中(8％～10％);验证von-Karman谱描述不同大气稳定度下台风脉动风速谱的适用性,发现该经验谱对中性层结下的风速谱刻画较好,对非中性层结下的风速谱存在低频段高估、高频段低估谱能量的现象.进行工程结构抗风设计时,需注意非中性大气层结对风速、湍流强度、脉动风速谱等与结构风荷载确定密切相关的参数的影响.     

基于近海海面观测的台风黑格比风特性研究

根据在博贺海洋观测站测得的0814台风黑格比三维风速时程,首先探讨了实测数据质量的判别准则及处理方法,进而研究了平均风场特性:风剖面、风攻角、梯度风高度以及脉动风场特性:湍流强度、阵风因子、时间尺度、积分尺度、脉动风速谱等。研究结果表明:近海海面指数律风剖面指数a远小于建筑结构荷载规范推荐值;台风风场结构本身存在3°～7°正攻角;在近海海面上阵风因子均值为1.23;顺风向湍流强度平均值为0.10,三向湍流强度的比值为1∶0.80∶0.43;水平向时间尺度基本上均小于30s,竖向时间尺度均小于10s;纵向和横向积分尺度较为接近,大于竖向积分尺度;不同区域的实测风速谱与各经验风速谱均存在一定差异,与von Karman谱吻合相对较好。     

台风过境全过程大型风力机风荷载特性

台风结构的复杂性导致当处于不同台风生命周期时风力机的风荷载特性差异巨大,目前针对风力机台风过境全过程风荷载的研究尚属空白。本文在总结国内外台风实测研究成果的基础上,提出了一种针对风力机的台风过境全过程风场模拟方法。以美国可再生能源实验室5MW风力机为例,系统研究了台风过境全过程大型水平轴风力机的风荷载分布特性。结果表明,本文搭建的风力机台风过境全过程风场模拟方法可有效重现台风过境时风力机的全过程风荷载特征。台风眼壁干扰阶段的风力显著大于其它台风过境阶段,需要注意的是,台风眼过后的后眼壁阶段的台风影响仍然十分显著,叶片和塔架的弯矩极值分别达到前眼壁阶段的92.83%和93.97%。此外,研究发现台风外围干扰阶段(前后)和台风眼影响阶段的塔筒底部以纵向弯矩为主,而眼壁干扰阶段存在横风向弯矩占据主导地位的情况,大型风力机抗台风设计的关注点应与正常停机工况区别对待。本文研究结论可为进一步研究大型风力机抗强台风设计提供数据输入和参考依据。     

温州地区不同时距下近地台风特性观测研究

基于2008年影响温州地区的台风海鸥、凤凰和蔷薇的实测风场资料,分析了不同平均时距下近地台风的湍流特性(如平均风速、风向、湍流度和阵风因子)。实测结果表明:同一地点不同台风的平均风向角可能相差很大,不同时距最大平均风速不是同步出现;随着平均风速的增大,湍流度和阵风因子有逐渐减小的趋势;当地湍流度实测结果明显大于已有平坦市郊区地形的实测值和日本风荷载规范经验公式计算值;不同平均时距的横风向与顺风向阵风因子的比值变化较大;1m in或3 s平均时距值可较好地反映出台风风速、风向、湍流度和阵风因子的脉动性和变化规律。     

实测下击暴流作用下大跨斜拉桥抖振响应分析

为研究大跨斜拉桥在下击暴流作用下的抖振响应,以赤石大桥桥址处实测下击暴流风时程数据为基础,采用小波变换法提取下击暴流时变平均风速,得到随时间变化的调制函数,以Kaimal谱为目标谱,采用谐波叠加法模拟桥址区脉动风速并加以调制,实现了桥址区下击暴流风时程模拟。在此基础上,分别进行下击暴流风场和大气边界层风场作用下的大跨度斜拉桥施工状态静风响应和非线性时域抖振响应计算。结果表明:模拟下击暴流风速时程与实测下击暴流风速时程吻合较好。下击暴流风场模拟脉动风时变功率谱的幅值明显大于大气边界层B类风场模拟脉动风时变功率谱幅值。当桥面高度处下击暴流风与大气边界层风速相同时,考虑下击暴流时变平均风效应计算得到的桥梁主梁梁端静风效应的最大值,约为采用10min常值平均风计算的桥梁主梁梁端静风效应最大值的1.20倍左右;下击暴流风作用下桥梁主梁梁端、桥塔塔顶抖振响应均方根(RMS)值分别比大气边界层风场作用下的计算值大,最大比值约为2.8。     

冲击风作用下大跨屋盖多模态随机风致响应研究

雷暴冲击风是一种近地面短时产生的瞬态强风,它与传统的边界层风场特征具有明显的差别,冲击风将会引起屋盖的强烈振动,甚至发生破坏.本文根据混合随机模型,详细研究了冲击风风场的数值模拟方法.应用Wood竖直风剖面方程与Holmes经验模型模拟平均风场,使用稳态高斯随机过程模拟脉动风场,模拟的风场与实际的雷暴冲击风较为一致.结合多阶模态加速度法和等效风荷载原理,详细推导了大跨屋盖随机风致响应的计算方法.结合边界层风洞试验,比较冲击风产生的表面风压特性,计算得到屋盖冲击风致动力响应时程,并研究了冲击风作用下大跨屋盖荷载风效应系数和位移风效应系数的分布特点.研究结果可作为评估大跨屋盖冲击风致响应的一种参考.     

台风"山竹"影响下的城市风场数值模拟研究

基于中尺度气象模式(weather?research?and?forecasting,WRF),对2018年第1822号超强台风"山竹"影响期间深圳气象观测梯度塔附近城市风场开展了数值模拟研究,并结合气象观测塔的现场实测数据进行比较验证.采用移动嵌套网格模拟得到了台风"山竹"的演化过程;耦合城市冠层模型(urban?canopy?model,UCM)完成了城市台风风场的多尺度精细化模拟;分析了城市冠层模型对WRF模式城市风场模拟精度的影响.基于UCM模型和高精度的下垫面数据,准确模拟出了台风影响下的风场空间分布情况;数值模拟得到的深圳气象梯度塔位置不同高度处台风风速结果与现场实测数据吻合较好,表明耦合UCM模型的WRF模拟能够较为精确地捕捉到台风过境时的城市风场特性.与未耦合UCM模型的WRF模拟结果相比,UCM模型的采用进一步提高了城市台风风场近地面风速的模拟精度.     

某任务计算机调试设备配套软件的设计与实现

简介了任务计算机调试设备配套软件在任务计算机仿真环境中的重要作用 ,对该软件设计方法和流程进行了详细的说明 ,主要介绍了VC ++6 .0环境下串行通信和显示控制软件的设计技术 ,并讨论了如何提高应用程序性能的途径。     

从科技论文的特点看科技论文的选题

本文论述了科技文的特点及选师原则。在特点方面主要就科技论文的科学性,创造性,理论性进行了阐述,在选题方面科技论文选题的客观需要与主条件进行阐述,旨在揭示科技论文的特点与课题选择之间的关系,从而了解其特点,并据此选题,写出符合要求的科技论文。     

Impact of a cavitation bubble on a wall

Impulse action of a cavitation bubble on a rigid wall is studied depending on the distance between them. We determine the distances at which the periphery pressure maximums on a wall are preserved as well as the distances at which these maximums exceed the water hammer pressure.     

Effect of a transverse plasma jet on a shock wave induced by a ramp

We conducted experiments in a wind tunnel with Mach number 2 to explore the evolution of a transverse plasma jet and its modification effect on a shock wave induced by a ramp with an angle of 24°. The transverse plasma jet was created by arc discharge in a small cylindrical cavity with a 2 mm diameter orifice. Three group tests with different actuator arrangements in the spanwise or streamwise direction upstream from the ramp were respectively studied to compare their disturbances to the shock wave. As shown by a time-resolved schlieren system, an unsteady motion of the shock wave by actuation was found: the shock wave was significantly modified by the plasma jet with an upstream motion and a reduced angle. Compared to spanwise actuation, a more intensive impact was obtained with two or three streamwise actuators working together. From shock wave structures, the control effect of the plasma jet on the shock motion based on a thermal effect, a potential cause of shock modification, was discussed. Furthermore, we performed a numerical simulation by using the Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation(IDDES) method to simulate the evolution of the transverse plasma jet plume produced by two streamwise actuators. The results show that flow structures are similar to those identified in schlieren images. Two streamwise vortices were recognized, which indicates that the higher jet plume is the result of the overlap of two streamwise jets.     

Analysis of a redshifted plasma flow over a sunspot

The ultraviolet spectrum of a redshifted plasma flow appearing over a sunspot observed during the first flight of the High Resolution Telescope Spectrograph (HRTS I) is analysed, and interpreted as a radiatively cooling plasma. For most of the lines emitted from this plasma, the assumption of ionization equilibrium during the cooling is good. However for He II (and other ions with a single electron outside of closed shells), this is not the case. Integrating differential equations for the various ionization fractions of helium and the temperature allows an approximate determination of the abundance of helium relative to other elements whose lines appear in the spectrum of the plasma flow.     

The intersection of a Loxodrome with a great circle

The intersections of a loxodrome (rhumb line) and a great circle are of interest for some navigational problems, but a closed-form solution cannot be formulated. An algorithm is given for computing approximations to any desired degree of accuracy using Newton's method. By using the equatorial angle φ as an independent variable all solutions can be found rapidly using the modest computational capabilities of a personal computer     

Relativistic Energy-Momentum of a Body with a Finite Volume

The problem of energy-momentum in a body with a finite volume has been causing confusion in the theory of relativity, especially in relativistic thermodynamics. Its correct understanding has been given since the early years of relativity, however, erroneous misunderstandings are still found in papers and textbooks to this date. The present paper introduces a simple paradox to demonstrate the problem, and gives a brief review on a way to handle the energy-momentum correctly.     

Oscillations of a viscous liquid in a cylindrical container

The natural damped frequencies of a viscous liquid in a circular cylindrical container are obtained for slipping and anchored contact line at the container wall r = a. In addition the response to translational forced excitation has been determined. The results may also be applied to viscous liquid in a micro-gravity environment, as long as the contact angle of the liquid surface to the cylindrical container wall is in the vicinity of π/2, indicating, that the free liquid surface equilibrium position remains a plane surface. It could be found that there exists in contrast to frictionless liquid a small filling range, in which the liquid performs only an aperiodic motion. The adherence condition at the side wall was replaced by the somewhat weaker condition of an anchored contact line.     

某型弹用发动机火药吹转模拟试验

针对某型弹用发动机火药起动试验件起动试验要求,通过静态烟火试验数据确定火药起动模拟试验设备技术指标,在试验台上进行了高压冷吹和真实火药热吹起动试验,获取了两类试验下模拟转子的起动特性.试验结果表明:通过静态烟火试验和高压冷吹测得不同压力下空气流量、转速数据可以拟合出相关关系式,通过关系式能够预估燃气发生器所用火药量在热吹试验中转子可能最大转速,最后通过0.8kg真实火药热吹试验获取的最高转速与换算压力状态下的冷吹最高转速仅相差116r/min,进一步验证了试验和预估方法的有效性和准确性,可以减少或取消不同装药量火药在模拟转子上的吹转试验,减低在发动机上的试验安全风险,为在发动机上的应用奠定基础.      

Excitation control of a synchronous generator using a lookup table

A scheme involving the use of a lookup table is developed for the excitation control of a synchronous generator. The proposed control scheme, generator speed deviation, and acceleration deviation are taken as the input signals. These input signals are sampled and converted to linguistic terms before they are fed into the controller. The controller generates the desired output (control) signal by using a set of production rules (if-then rules) that are based on previous experience to relate the input signals to the output. The output signal is converted from linguistic terms to a numerical value before it is sent to the excitation system of the synchronous machine. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme, digital simulations of a synchronous generator subject to a three-phase fault under different operating conditions were performed. It was found that the controller can improve the dynamic performance of a synchronous generator over a wide range of operating conditions. Since the controller does not require model identification, it is computationally efficient and is suitable for online excitation control, using a microcomputer