台风"山竹"影响下的城市风场数值模拟研究

基于中尺度气象模式(weather?research?and?forecasting,WRF),对2018年第1822号超强台风"山竹"影响期间深圳气象观测梯度塔附近城市风场开展了数值模拟研究,并结合气象观测塔的现场实测数据进行比较验证.采用移动嵌套网格模拟得到了台风"山竹"的演化过程;耦合城市冠层模型(urban?canopy?model,UCM)完成了城市台风风场的多尺度精细化模拟;分析了城市冠层模型对WRF模式城市风场模拟精度的影响.基于UCM模型和高精度的下垫面数据,准确模拟出了台风影响下的风场空间分布情况;数值模拟得到的深圳气象梯度塔位置不同高度处台风风速结果与现场实测数据吻合较好,表明耦合UCM模型的WRF模拟能够较为精确地捕捉到台风过境时的城市风场特性.与未耦合UCM模型的WRF模拟结果相比,UCM模型的采用进一步提高了城市台风风场近地面风速的模拟精度.     

龙卷风风场特性的CFD数值模拟

基于计算流体动力学方法建立了龙卷风发生装置的数值计算模型,对具有单涡结构的龙卷风风场特性进行了研究.分析了切向风速沿径向和高度的分布规律,并将切向速度沿径向的分布与Rankin涡模型和参数化气旋模型理论公式进行对比,验证龙卷风风场数值模拟结果的合理性.进一步研究了入口风速和入口角度改变对龙卷风风场特性的影响,并给出了各个数值计算模型近地面核心半径、最大切向风速和涡流比,进而可以获得不同尺度和不同强度的龙卷风风场.该方法为龙卷风风场模拟提供了新的研究途径,并可应用于建筑物的抗龙卷风设计研究.     

雷暴冲击风荷载的大涡模拟

雷暴冲击风具有同常规的大气边界层风完全不同的风场特征.为研究雷暴冲击风场中建筑物的风荷载,采用大涡模拟(LES)方法对方形截面高层建筑进行了雷暴冲击风场数值模拟,获得了高层建筑在雷暴冲击风作用下的风荷载参数.同时,对雷暴冲击风场进行了数值模拟,所得结果与理论结果吻合良好,验证了方法的可靠性.     

冲击风作用下大跨屋盖多模态随机风致响应研究

雷暴冲击风是一种近地面短时产生的瞬态强风,它与传统的边界层风场特征具有明显的差别,冲击风将会引起屋盖的强烈振动,甚至发生破坏.本文根据混合随机模型,详细研究了冲击风风场的数值模拟方法.应用Wood竖直风剖面方程与Holmes经验模型模拟平均风场,使用稳态高斯随机过程模拟脉动风场,模拟的风场与实际的雷暴冲击风较为一致.结合多阶模态加速度法和等效风荷载原理,详细推导了大跨屋盖随机风致响应的计算方法.结合边界层风洞试验,比较冲击风产生的表面风压特性,计算得到屋盖冲击风致动力响应时程,并研究了冲击风作用下大跨屋盖荷载风效应系数和位移风效应系数的分布特点.研究结果可作为评估大跨屋盖冲击风致响应的一种参考.     

台风过境全过程大型风力机风荷载特性

台风结构的复杂性导致当处于不同台风生命周期时风力机的风荷载特性差异巨大,目前针对风力机台风过境全过程风荷载的研究尚属空白。本文在总结国内外台风实测研究成果的基础上,提出了一种针对风力机的台风过境全过程风场模拟方法。以美国可再生能源实验室5MW风力机为例,系统研究了台风过境全过程大型水平轴风力机的风荷载分布特性。结果表明,本文搭建的风力机台风过境全过程风场模拟方法可有效重现台风过境时风力机的全过程风荷载特征。台风眼壁干扰阶段的风力显著大于其它台风过境阶段,需要注意的是,台风眼过后的后眼壁阶段的台风影响仍然十分显著,叶片和塔架的弯矩极值分别达到前眼壁阶段的92.83%和93.97%。此外,研究发现台风外围干扰阶段(前后)和台风眼影响阶段的塔筒底部以纵向弯矩为主,而眼壁干扰阶段存在横风向弯矩占据主导地位的情况,大型风力机抗台风设计的关注点应与正常停机工况区别对待。本文研究结论可为进一步研究大型风力机抗强台风设计提供数据输入和参考依据。     

海洋运动对台风过境全过程水平风速特性的影响

现行台风模型大多采用基于有限实测数据修正的工程经验模型,忽略了波浪、海流等海洋运动与其水平风速之间的实时耦合作用.为揭示海洋运动对台风过境全过程的影响机制,基于MCT耦合器,采用中尺度WRF大气模型、第三代浅海海浪SWAN模型以及三维水动力FVCOM模型,建立了大气-海洋-海浪(W-S-F)的实时耦合模拟平台.在此基础上,模拟了台风"莫兰蒂"过境全过程海洋环境时空演变,对比分析了W-S-F耦合平台与非耦合WRF模式下台风过境全过程的差异性,最终提炼出海洋运动对水平风速特性的影响规律.结果表明:本文提出的W-S-F耦合平台可以准确模拟考虑海洋运动的台风过境全过程风速场;低空处海洋运动促进台风水平风速发展,且随高度增加影响逐渐减小,高空处海洋运动对台风水平风速产生抑制作用,且这种消耗随高度增大而加强;在台风整个发展周期,海洋运动对低空台风强度的影响呈现先促进后抑制规律,随着高度增加逐渐形成相反特点.     

强台风登陆过程大跨桥梁风特性特征及其抖振响应分析

台风环境条件的风场特征对沿海大跨桥梁结构的风致响应影响显著.结合强台风黑格比(0814)的登陆演变全过程风场逐时记录数据,对台风气候条件下的实测近地平均风特性(平均风速、风向角和风攻角)和脉动风功率谱进行了统计分析,研究了中心过境强台风的风场演变特征.随后分别采用规范谱和实测台风谱对位于台风影响区内的一座大跨斜拉桥(主...     

基于数值模拟的复杂地形风场风资源评估方法

与采用线性模型的WAsP软件相比,CFD方法具有可以逼真模拟复杂地形三维风场大气流动的优势,因此成为了复杂地形风场风资源评估的发展方向。为了把CFD软件包FINE/TURBO和带有壁面函数的k-ε湍流模型用于复杂地形地貌风电场的风资源评估和微观选址中去,本文以南澳岛风场作为研究对象,在中性大气条件假设下,对风场区域以30°风向为间隔进行数值模拟。研究采用不同入口边界条件对数值计算结果的影响。比对模拟结果发现,风场中的风加速与湍流强度基本上不随来流条件发生变化。基于这一规律,结合全年测风数据评估风场的风资源分布状况,建立了一套风资源评估的数值模拟及后处理方法,为工程实际提供了有力参考。     

上海地区台风风特性Monte-Carlo随机模拟研究

收集和整理了1949年至2005年台风年鉴统计资料和上海崇明岛侯家镇气象站逐时(连续)气象观测记录.对于上海近年来两次强台风(麦莎0509和卡努0515)进行了案例分析,表明台风风场的强变异性不容忽视,台风风环境评价采用可靠度分析理论具有相当的优势.Monte-Carlo台风随机模拟结果亦表明极值风速样本分布具有偏态性,由此建议了极值风速估算保证率系数的合理取值.采用Monte-Carlo台风风场随机模型和敏感度分析方法计算了不同场地条件风环境随机参数对于台风极值风速的贡献程度,并对上海地区的台风风场参数合理取值进行了优化.最后,以越界峰值法和广义Pareto分布探讨了工程场地目标重现期内极值风速预测过程,再现了几类典型工程场地台风风环境的梯度风高度、平均风剖面、极值风速和阵风因子取值特点,并与建筑结构荷载规范进行了对比.     

大型风力机三维空气动力学数值模拟

采用数值模拟的方法,对三种风力机叶片的空气动力学性能进行研究.计算得到了旋转功率随着来流速度的变化曲线,并将所得结果与基于动量叶素理论的工程设计方法结果、风洞实验结果和风场实测结果进行对比.计算结果体现了CFD方法解决这种问题的有效性.所用的数值模拟方法可以广泛地应用到风力机设计和气动性能评价中,所得结果可作为叶片动态特性及气弹稳定性分析的载荷而被应用于风力机性能和可靠性的评估当中.     

从科技论文的特点看科技论文的选题

本文论述了科技文的特点及选师原则。在特点方面主要就科技论文的科学性,创造性,理论性进行了阐述,在选题方面科技论文选题的客观需要与主条件进行阐述,旨在揭示科技论文的特点与课题选择之间的关系,从而了解其特点,并据此选题,写出符合要求的科技论文。     

某任务计算机调试设备配套软件的设计与实现

简介了任务计算机调试设备配套软件在任务计算机仿真环境中的重要作用 ,对该软件设计方法和流程进行了详细的说明 ,主要介绍了VC ++6 .0环境下串行通信和显示控制软件的设计技术 ,并讨论了如何提高应用程序性能的途径。     

Effect of a transverse plasma jet on a shock wave induced by a ramp

We conducted experiments in a wind tunnel with Mach number 2 to explore the evolution of a transverse plasma jet and its modification effect on a shock wave induced by a ramp with an angle of 24°. The transverse plasma jet was created by arc discharge in a small cylindrical cavity with a 2 mm diameter orifice. Three group tests with different actuator arrangements in the spanwise or streamwise direction upstream from the ramp were respectively studied to compare their disturbances to the shock wave. As shown by a time-resolved schlieren system, an unsteady motion of the shock wave by actuation was found: the shock wave was significantly modified by the plasma jet with an upstream motion and a reduced angle. Compared to spanwise actuation, a more intensive impact was obtained with two or three streamwise actuators working together. From shock wave structures, the control effect of the plasma jet on the shock motion based on a thermal effect, a potential cause of shock modification, was discussed. Furthermore, we performed a numerical simulation by using the Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation(IDDES) method to simulate the evolution of the transverse plasma jet plume produced by two streamwise actuators. The results show that flow structures are similar to those identified in schlieren images. Two streamwise vortices were recognized, which indicates that the higher jet plume is the result of the overlap of two streamwise jets.     

Flow about a jet source with a deflector

We suggest a method to solve one of the model problems of aerohydrodynamics, namely, a problem of a flow about a point source, from which a fluid with density and total pressure, different from the corresponding values in the incoming flow enters. The calculations are carried out for various values of the determining parameter; and the data are compared with the known results. We revealed the advantages of the suggested method in comparison with the known ones.     

Impact of a cavitation bubble on a wall

Impulse action of a cavitation bubble on a rigid wall is studied depending on the distance between them. We determine the distances at which the periphery pressure maximums on a wall are preserved as well as the distances at which these maximums exceed the water hammer pressure.     

Analysis of a redshifted plasma flow over a sunspot

The ultraviolet spectrum of a redshifted plasma flow appearing over a sunspot observed during the first flight of the High Resolution Telescope Spectrograph (HRTS I) is analysed, and interpreted as a radiatively cooling plasma. For most of the lines emitted from this plasma, the assumption of ionization equilibrium during the cooling is good. However for He II (and other ions with a single electron outside of closed shells), this is not the case. Integrating differential equations for the various ionization fractions of helium and the temperature allows an approximate determination of the abundance of helium relative to other elements whose lines appear in the spectrum of the plasma flow.     

The intersection of a Loxodrome with a great circle

The intersections of a loxodrome (rhumb line) and a great circle are of interest for some navigational problems, but a closed-form solution cannot be formulated. An algorithm is given for computing approximations to any desired degree of accuracy using Newton's method. By using the equatorial angle φ as an independent variable all solutions can be found rapidly using the modest computational capabilities of a personal computer     

Oscillations of a viscous liquid in a cylindrical container

The natural damped frequencies of a viscous liquid in a circular cylindrical container are obtained for slipping and anchored contact line at the container wall r = a. In addition the response to translational forced excitation has been determined. The results may also be applied to viscous liquid in a micro-gravity environment, as long as the contact angle of the liquid surface to the cylindrical container wall is in the vicinity of π/2, indicating, that the free liquid surface equilibrium position remains a plane surface. It could be found that there exists in contrast to frictionless liquid a small filling range, in which the liquid performs only an aperiodic motion. The adherence condition at the side wall was replaced by the somewhat weaker condition of an anchored contact line.     

Relativistic Energy-Momentum of a Body with a Finite Volume

The problem of energy-momentum in a body with a finite volume has been causing confusion in the theory of relativity, especially in relativistic thermodynamics. Its correct understanding has been given since the early years of relativity, however, erroneous misunderstandings are still found in papers and textbooks to this date. The present paper introduces a simple paradox to demonstrate the problem, and gives a brief review on a way to handle the energy-momentum correctly.     

Solving a radiation problem with forward speed using a lifting surface method with a Green''s function

The progress of seakeeping computations requires development of computating codes for unsteady flows around a ship or its elements. In this paper, we present a method of calculation concerning waves radiated by an oscillating surface-piercing flat plate with forward speed, with a yaw angle. By use of Green's third identity, the problem is transformed into the resolution of a Fredholm integral equation of the first kind by a panel method using Green's function. The Green's diffraction-radiation function with forward speed is used. Its numerical values are calculated by an adaptative integration procedure to reduce the computation time. The present method permits determination of the pressure jump distribution across the plate, the total forces and moments. The results obtained are compared with other numerical methods in hydrodynamics and in aerodynamics, and with experimental data obtained in a water tank.