台风"山竹"影响下的城市风场数值模拟研究

基于中尺度气象模式(weather?research?and?forecasting,WRF),对2018年第1822号超强台风"山竹"影响期间深圳气象观测梯度塔附近城市风场开展了数值模拟研究,并结合气象观测塔的现场实测数据进行比较验证.采用移动嵌套网格模拟得到了台风"山竹"的演化过程;耦合城市冠层模型(urban?canopy?model,UCM)完成了城市台风风场的多尺度精细化模拟;分析了城市冠层模型对WRF模式城市风场模拟精度的影响.基于UCM模型和高精度的下垫面数据,准确模拟出了台风影响下的风场空间分布情况;数值模拟得到的深圳气象梯度塔位置不同高度处台风风速结果与现场实测数据吻合较好,表明耦合UCM模型的WRF模拟能够较为精确地捕捉到台风过境时的城市风场特性.与未耦合UCM模型的WRF模拟结果相比,UCM模型的采用进一步提高了城市台风风场近地面风速的模拟精度.     

强台风登陆过程大跨桥梁风特性特征及其抖振响应分析

台风环境条件的风场特征对沿海大跨桥梁结构的风致响应影响显著.结合强台风黑格比(0814)的登陆演变全过程风场逐时记录数据,对台风气候条件下的实测近地平均风特性(平均风速、风向角和风攻角)和脉动风功率谱进行了统计分析,研究了中心过境强台风的风场演变特征.随后分别采用规范谱和实测台风谱对位于台风影响区内的一座大跨斜拉桥(主跨448?m)进行了三维风致抖振响应分析,研究了台风演变过程中桥梁结构抖振响应特征.采用实测台风谱计算的桥梁抖振响应与仅考虑规范谱的结果差异显著.进一步研究了来流大攻角效应对桥梁抖振响应的影响,结果显示,结构竖向和扭转抖振位移分别为仅考虑规范谱响应结果的204.12％和264.87％,横向位移增加67.27％.研究表明:强台风气候条件下,来流大攻角和高频湍流能量卓越的脉动风速对桥梁抖振响应影响突出.因此,关于桥梁风致抖振的相关研究亟需慎重对待,并应加强桥梁风致安全评估.     

龙卷风风场特性的CFD数值模拟

基于计算流体动力学方法建立了龙卷风发生装置的数值计算模型,对具有单涡结构的龙卷风风场特性进行了研究.分析了切向风速沿径向和高度的分布规律,并将切向速度沿径向的分布与Rankin涡模型和参数化气旋模型理论公式进行对比,验证龙卷风风场数值模拟结果的合理性.进一步研究了入口风速和入口角度改变对龙卷风风场特性的影响,并给出了各个数值计算模型近地面核心半径、最大切向风速和涡流比,进而可以获得不同尺度和不同强度的龙卷风风场.该方法为龙卷风风场模拟提供了新的研究途径,并可应用于建筑物的抗龙卷风设计研究.     

近海岸强风风场特性现场实测研究

基于近海岸100m测风塔获取的近海面地貌条件5个不同高度风速数据。以10m标准高度平均风速大于10m/s为强风标准,选取台风和季风风场强风样本,应用Bootstrap统计分析法,对强风条件下近地层平均风剖面、湍流强度剖面、湍流特征参数进行分析,探讨了台风和季风条件下这些参数的差异,并将实测结果与风荷载规范规定值进行比较,检验风载荷规范的适宜性。分析结果表明:近地边界层的平均风剖面符合指数律或对数律,台风和季风风剖面指数分别约为0.12和0.06;近地平均湍流度剖面符合指数律,台风风场各高度平均湍流度与现行规范相接近;台风风场各高度阵风因子均值较风荷载规范推算值要大,但季风风场阵风因子均值与规范推算值相接近。     

不同大气稳定度下台风"莫拉克"(2009)的近地风场特性

为了探究台风影响期间不同大气稳定度条件对近地层风场特性的影响,基于2009年台风"莫拉克"移动路径上的三座测风塔测得的高频三维风速时程,分析了台风影响期间中性、稳定、不稳定三种大气层结状况的分布频率,以及不同稳定度条件下近地层平均风场特性(平均风速和风向)和脉动风场特性(湍流强度、阵风因子、湍流积分尺度和脉动风速谱).研究结果表明,台风外围雨带区影响期间非中性层结发生概率约44％;在非中性层结影响下,平均风速出现频率最高的区间(10～12?m/s,14～16?m/s)不同于中性层结(12～14?m/s),且湍流强度最高频数分布较为集中(8％～10％);验证von-Karman谱描述不同大气稳定度下台风脉动风速谱的适用性,发现该经验谱对中性层结下的风速谱刻画较好,对非中性层结下的风速谱存在低频段高估、高频段低估谱能量的现象.进行工程结构抗风设计时,需注意非中性大气层结对风速、湍流强度、脉动风速谱等与结构风荷载确定密切相关的参数的影响.     

温州地区不同时距下近地台风特性观测研究

基于2008年影响温州地区的台风海鸥、凤凰和蔷薇的实测风场资料,分析了不同平均时距下近地台风的湍流特性(如平均风速、风向、湍流度和阵风因子)。实测结果表明:同一地点不同台风的平均风向角可能相差很大,不同时距最大平均风速不是同步出现;随着平均风速的增大,湍流度和阵风因子有逐渐减小的趋势;当地湍流度实测结果明显大于已有平坦市郊区地形的实测值和日本风荷载规范经验公式计算值;不同平均时距的横风向与顺风向阵风因子的比值变化较大;1m in或3 s平均时距值可较好地反映出台风风速、风向、湍流度和阵风因子的脉动性和变化规律。     

地面效应对尾涡消散的影响研究

采用大涡模拟方法可以分析和计算近地阶段尾涡消散和运动规律,但模型繁琐、计算复杂。本研究基于镜像涡方法建立了形式相对简单、计算迅速的近地尾涡运动模型和消散模型,计算结果与激光雷达测量数据和大涡模拟数据的偏差都不超过5％,满足动态尾涡间隔研究的需要。     

雷暴冲击风荷载的大涡模拟

雷暴冲击风具有同常规的大气边界层风完全不同的风场特征.为研究雷暴冲击风场中建筑物的风荷载,采用大涡模拟(LES)方法对方形截面高层建筑进行了雷暴冲击风场数值模拟,获得了高层建筑在雷暴冲击风作用下的风荷载参数.同时,对雷暴冲击风场进行了数值模拟,所得结果与理论结果吻合良好,验证了方法的可靠性.     

海洋运动对台风过境全过程水平风速特性的影响

现行台风模型大多采用基于有限实测数据修正的工程经验模型,忽略了波浪、海流等海洋运动与其水平风速之间的实时耦合作用.为揭示海洋运动对台风过境全过程的影响机制,基于MCT耦合器,采用中尺度WRF大气模型、第三代浅海海浪SWAN模型以及三维水动力FVCOM模型,建立了大气-海洋-海浪(W-S-F)的实时耦合模拟平台.在此基础上,模拟了台风"莫兰蒂"过境全过程海洋环境时空演变,对比分析了W-S-F耦合平台与非耦合WRF模式下台风过境全过程的差异性,最终提炼出海洋运动对水平风速特性的影响规律.结果表明:本文提出的W-S-F耦合平台可以准确模拟考虑海洋运动的台风过境全过程风速场;低空处海洋运动促进台风水平风速发展,且随高度增加影响逐渐减小,高空处海洋运动对台风水平风速产生抑制作用,且这种消耗随高度增大而加强;在台风整个发展周期,海洋运动对低空台风强度的影响呈现先促进后抑制规律,随着高度增加逐渐形成相反特点.     

基于数值模拟的复杂地形风场风资源评估方法

与采用线性模型的WAsP软件相比,CFD方法具有可以逼真模拟复杂地形三维风场大气流动的优势,因此成为了复杂地形风场风资源评估的发展方向。为了把CFD软件包FINE/TURBO和带有壁面函数的k-ε湍流模型用于复杂地形地貌风电场的风资源评估和微观选址中去,本文以南澳岛风场作为研究对象,在中性大气条件假设下,对风场区域以30°风向为间隔进行数值模拟。研究采用不同入口边界条件对数值计算结果的影响。比对模拟结果发现,风场中的风加速与湍流强度基本上不随来流条件发生变化。基于这一规律,结合全年测风数据评估风场的风资源分布状况,建立了一套风资源评估的数值模拟及后处理方法,为工程实际提供了有力参考。     

从科技论文的特点看科技论文的选题

本文论述了科技文的特点及选师原则。在特点方面主要就科技论文的科学性,创造性,理论性进行了阐述,在选题方面科技论文选题的客观需要与主条件进行阐述,旨在揭示科技论文的特点与课题选择之间的关系,从而了解其特点,并据此选题,写出符合要求的科技论文。     

某任务计算机调试设备配套软件的设计与实现

简介了任务计算机调试设备配套软件在任务计算机仿真环境中的重要作用 ,对该软件设计方法和流程进行了详细的说明 ,主要介绍了VC ++6 .0环境下串行通信和显示控制软件的设计技术 ,并讨论了如何提高应用程序性能的途径。     

Effect of a transverse plasma jet on a shock wave induced by a ramp

We conducted experiments in a wind tunnel with Mach number 2 to explore the evolution of a transverse plasma jet and its modification effect on a shock wave induced by a ramp with an angle of 24°. The transverse plasma jet was created by arc discharge in a small cylindrical cavity with a 2 mm diameter orifice. Three group tests with different actuator arrangements in the spanwise or streamwise direction upstream from the ramp were respectively studied to compare their disturbances to the shock wave. As shown by a time-resolved schlieren system, an unsteady motion of the shock wave by actuation was found: the shock wave was significantly modified by the plasma jet with an upstream motion and a reduced angle. Compared to spanwise actuation, a more intensive impact was obtained with two or three streamwise actuators working together. From shock wave structures, the control effect of the plasma jet on the shock motion based on a thermal effect, a potential cause of shock modification, was discussed. Furthermore, we performed a numerical simulation by using the Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation(IDDES) method to simulate the evolution of the transverse plasma jet plume produced by two streamwise actuators. The results show that flow structures are similar to those identified in schlieren images. Two streamwise vortices were recognized, which indicates that the higher jet plume is the result of the overlap of two streamwise jets.     

Flow about a jet source with a deflector

We suggest a method to solve one of the model problems of aerohydrodynamics, namely, a problem of a flow about a point source, from which a fluid with density and total pressure, different from the corresponding values in the incoming flow enters. The calculations are carried out for various values of the determining parameter; and the data are compared with the known results. We revealed the advantages of the suggested method in comparison with the known ones.     

Impact of a cavitation bubble on a wall

Impulse action of a cavitation bubble on a rigid wall is studied depending on the distance between them. We determine the distances at which the periphery pressure maximums on a wall are preserved as well as the distances at which these maximums exceed the water hammer pressure.     

Analysis of a redshifted plasma flow over a sunspot

The ultraviolet spectrum of a redshifted plasma flow appearing over a sunspot observed during the first flight of the High Resolution Telescope Spectrograph (HRTS I) is analysed, and interpreted as a radiatively cooling plasma. For most of the lines emitted from this plasma, the assumption of ionization equilibrium during the cooling is good. However for He II (and other ions with a single electron outside of closed shells), this is not the case. Integrating differential equations for the various ionization fractions of helium and the temperature allows an approximate determination of the abundance of helium relative to other elements whose lines appear in the spectrum of the plasma flow.     

The intersection of a Loxodrome with a great circle

The intersections of a loxodrome (rhumb line) and a great circle are of interest for some navigational problems, but a closed-form solution cannot be formulated. An algorithm is given for computing approximations to any desired degree of accuracy using Newton's method. By using the equatorial angle φ as an independent variable all solutions can be found rapidly using the modest computational capabilities of a personal computer     

Oscillations of a viscous liquid in a cylindrical container

The natural damped frequencies of a viscous liquid in a circular cylindrical container are obtained for slipping and anchored contact line at the container wall r = a. In addition the response to translational forced excitation has been determined. The results may also be applied to viscous liquid in a micro-gravity environment, as long as the contact angle of the liquid surface to the cylindrical container wall is in the vicinity of π/2, indicating, that the free liquid surface equilibrium position remains a plane surface. It could be found that there exists in contrast to frictionless liquid a small filling range, in which the liquid performs only an aperiodic motion. The adherence condition at the side wall was replaced by the somewhat weaker condition of an anchored contact line.     

Solving a radiation problem with forward speed using a lifting surface method with a Green''s function

The progress of seakeeping computations requires development of computating codes for unsteady flows around a ship or its elements. In this paper, we present a method of calculation concerning waves radiated by an oscillating surface-piercing flat plate with forward speed, with a yaw angle. By use of Green's third identity, the problem is transformed into the resolution of a Fredholm integral equation of the first kind by a panel method using Green's function. The Green's diffraction-radiation function with forward speed is used. Its numerical values are calculated by an adaptative integration procedure to reduce the computation time. The present method permits determination of the pressure jump distribution across the plate, the total forces and moments. The results obtained are compared with other numerical methods in hydrodynamics and in aerodynamics, and with experimental data obtained in a water tank.     

Relativistic Energy-Momentum of a Body with a Finite Volume

The problem of energy-momentum in a body with a finite volume has been causing confusion in the theory of relativity, especially in relativistic thermodynamics. Its correct understanding has been given since the early years of relativity, however, erroneous misunderstandings are still found in papers and textbooks to this date. The present paper introduces a simple paradox to demonstrate the problem, and gives a brief review on a way to handle the energy-momentum correctly.