极向运动极光结构和喉区极光光学观测特征的对比分析

利用中国北极黄河站高时间分辨率的三波段全天空成像仪极光观测数据,联合太阳风和行星际磁场等观测,分析了极向运动极光结构（PMAFs）和喉区极光的形成及演化特征.研究发现：一系列PMAFs与喉区极光事件同时出现在观测视野中,其中PMAFs主要发生在日侧极隙区极光卵赤道向边界的极向一侧,沿东西方向分布,点亮后向高纬运动;喉区极光紧靠PMAF一侧发生,从极光卵赤道向边界向低纬延伸,沿南北方向分布,点亮后向高纬偏西方向运动;观测期间PMAFs发生频率高于喉区极光;当PMAFs与喉区极光同时出现时,PMAFs可以与喉区极光几乎同时出现或略晚于喉区极光出现,持续时间较喉区极光短.观测结果表明：与PMAF相对应的磁层顶重联过程和与喉区极光对应的磁层顶凹陷导致的磁重联过程在日侧磁层顶上的相邻区域分别发生,两种极光事件的形成过程相对独立,可能不存在相互触发关系.     

极光区电离层特性和磁层—电离层耦合

本文用EISCAT雷达的综合资料,分析了磁静条件下极光区电离层的季节、昼夜变化,与磁扰时的特殊形态进行了比较,讨论了磁层-电离层耦合对电离层形态的影响.     

暴时极光区热层大气焦耳加热与F区电离耗空的EISCAT雷达观测

利用ＥＩＳＣＡＴ雷达探测数据，分析计算了太阳活动高年夏季发生的一次强磁暴期间，极光区电离层对流电场、电导率以及焦耳加热速率等着重考察了Ｅ区热怪大气焦耳加热和Ｆ区离子摩擦增温与Ｆ区电子密度耗空的关系发现在下午东向极光电集流期间，电子密度最大耗空出现在Ｆ区３００－３２５ｋｍ高度，时间恰在积分的Ｅ区大气焦耳加热量大值和Ｆ区最大离子增温之后５－１０ｍｉｎ，耗空率达７０％。     

亚极光区极化流发生期间电离层离子下行的统计

亚极光区极化流是地球磁层–电离层耦合过程中最重要的现象之一,对电离层具有重要的调制作用。多数情况下,亚极光区极化流发生时会伴随局地离子上行流动,目前已对其有充分的研究,但对离子下行的研究却甚少。本文分析了DMSP卫星在2001 － 2015年间16个地磁暴中的观测数据,在483个亚极光区极化流事件中找到102个离子下行事件,并对其开展统计研究,分析离子下行在亚极光区极化流事件中的发生率,在南北半球的分布以及有助于离子下行形成的条件。结果表明：离子下行在亚极光区极化流事件中发生概率较小,离子下行事件的发生与分布具有比较明显的南北半球差异,并且亚极光区极化流的速度与离子下行速度具有高度相关性,表现为线性关系;而离子下行极有可能是因为双极扩散与地球重力共同作用而产生的,并且离子的热运动强弱对离子下行的速度大小也具有重要影响。这些研究结果有助于进一步理解亚极光区极化流对地球电离层动力学的调制作用。

     

基于U-net的紫外极光观测极光卵形态提取

极光卵形态提取是极光研究的重要手段.如何提高强干扰背景下的紫外极光图像极光卵形态提取精度,目前仍是一个难题.本文提出一种基于深度学习语义分割模型U-net的方法,实现了对极光卵形态的高精度提取.在Polar卫星紫外极光观测数据的实验结果表明,该方法相比于已有算法精度更高,对完整型极光卵和缺口型极光卵图像均能得到更加精确的提取结果,特别是针对强日辉干扰、灰度不均匀和对比度低情况下的紫外极光图像时,该方法显示了明显优势.     

基于紫外极光图像的极光电集流指数模型

极光电集流指数AE是描述地磁亚暴强弱的重要指标,且与极区磁层扰动及极光粒子沉降过程密切相关。因此,建立更加准确的极光电集流指数模型对空间天气的研究具有重要意义。利用1997年POLAR卫星紫外极光图像数据探究了紫外极光图像中极光强度IAP的空间分布与AE指数在不同季节的相关性,并在此基础上提出了基于紫外极光图像的AE指数模型。以网格化方法提取极光强度空间分布特征,采用广义回归神经网络,通过相关系数法和方差选择法构建Cor-GRNN和Var-GRNN两种AE指数模型,并针对冬至月份、夏至月份、分点月份3个季节分别进行训练。研究结果表明,AE指数与IAP具有相似的半年变化趋势,其相关性在不同季节差异较大。相比于太阳风驱动下的AE指数神经网络预测模型,基于极光图像的AE指数模型在ERMS和R2标准上均优于其他模型,其中归一化ERMS小于0.1,模型对于AE指数变化的可解释度提升了10%左右。     

基于深度表征学习的紫外极光卵图像聚类

极光受太阳风驱动的地磁亚暴等大尺度动力学影响,其形态及演化因不同的太阳风-磁层-电离层耦合作用可能表现不同。目前,极光卵及其形态的归类大多依据极光演化理论作主观定性分析,没有明确的分类标准,故难以借助统计分析方法和有监督分类模型开展客观定量研究。建立了基于深度表征学习的紫外极光卵图像聚类模型（MoCo-GMM）,并利用空间环境参数设计了评估模型物理合理性的方法,在大规模POLAR卫星紫外极光卵图像数据上进行了实验,聚类结果不仅具有良好的簇内凝聚性和簇间分散性,且具备一定的物理可解释性,有效实现了基于图像的极光卵及其形态的客观归类。     

土星跳跃的极光

土星跳跃的极光并不像25年来科学家所预想的那样。由美国波士顿大学的天文学家John Clarke领导的科研小组的最新研究成果推翻了以前关于土星的磁场作用以及极光产生的理论。     

极光带电急流产生声重波的效率

对大气中声重波的产生源的效率作了分析计算。结果显示,不同源的效率相差很大,而且还随频率、离原的距离和方向,以及不同的波动参量而变。对于极光带电急流产生声重波的源,即洛伦兹力和焦耳加热两个源来说,产生近场声重波的效率以洛伦兹为高、对于沿极光带电急流平面的运场区声重波而言,焦耳加热的效率高得多。但对垂直于极为带电流平面的速度波动则洛伦兹力的产生效率高得多;对于沿极光带电急流平面的法向的远场区内的所有声重波参量而言,洛地兹力的产生效率高得多。     

Dynamics of the dayside Aurora Australis

Current dayside optical studies of Aurora Australis from the Amundsen-Scott Research Station at the South Pole (74 degrees magnetic latitude) show some striking differences from optical results reported from Svalbard. A 6-channel meridian scanning photometer operating during the past three austral winters shows, in particular, the 630 nm emission is much lower, on average, than the Arctic dayside aurora and very weak on some days. The 558 nm intensity is higher relative to 630 nm suggesting the incoming electrons have a higher average energy. There are notable differences in auroral forms, giving further evidence of asymmetries in the two dayside ovals.     

M-FSVM在可靠性寿命分布模式识别中的应用CSCD

在产品的可靠性研究中,准确、有效地识别产品所属的寿命分布,是可靠性建模成败的关键。针对传统支持向量机(SVM)在解决多分类问题时存在不可分区域等缺陷,提出了一种基于多分类模糊支持向量机(M-FSVM)的可靠性寿命分布模式识别方法,建立了包括指数分布、正态分布、对数正态分布和威布尔分布四种常用寿命分布模式识别的模糊支持向量机模型,并进行了仿真试验研究。仿真试验结果表明,该模型能够克服传统支持向量机中存在的不足,能够对常用的寿命分布模式进行智能识别,识别率高,便于工程应用。     

An approach to multi-temporal MODIS image analysis using image classification and segmentation

This paper discusses an approach for river mapping and flood evaluation based on multi-temporal time series analysis of satellite images utilizing pixel spectral information for image classification and region-based segmentation for extracting water-covered regions. Analysis of MODIS satellite images is applied in three stages: before flood, during flood and after flood. Water regions are extracted from the MODIS images using image classification (based on spectral information) and image segmentation (based on spatial information). Multi-temporal MODIS images from “normal” (non-flood) and flood time-periods are processed in two steps. In the first step, image classifiers such as Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) separate the image pixels into water and non-water groups based on their spectral features. The classified image is then segmented using spatial features of the water pixels to remove the misclassified water. From the results obtained, we evaluate the performance of the method and conclude that the use of image classification (SVM and ANN) and region-based image segmentation is an accurate and reliable approach for the extraction of water-covered regions.     

午后极光强度与太阳风-磁层耦合函数的相关

利用1997年和1998年南极中山站多通道扫描光度计的地面观测数据和Wind卫星在弓激波上游对行星际磁场和太阳风参数的观测数据,对午后高纬极光强度与太阳风-磁层耦合函数之间的相关性进行定量研究.研究表明,午后630.0nm极光强度与太阳风-磁层耦合函数间有很好的相关,而557.7nm的相关性差一些;在考察的所有耦合函数中,午后极光受太阳风电场和能量的影响更直接;同时,行星际磁场的时钟角对午后极光也有很强的控制作用.     

A reflectance spectra-based approach to mapping salt fields using PCA-fused Landsat TM data

In this paper a method based on in situ measured reflectance spectra was developed for accurately mapping salt fields in the Taibei Salt Farm in Lianyungang City of East China. After radiometric correction and geometric rectification, six multispectral ETM+ bands were fused with the panchromatic band via principal components analysis (PCA). The fused data were used to map salt fields in the farm. Salt fields were mapped 91.95% correctly in comparison with ground statistics from raw multispectral bands. This accuracy level rose to 96.4% with the use of the panchromatic band (15 m resolution). However, PCA-fused data produced the highest accuracy of 98.8%. At the zone level, coarse resolution data resulted in an accuracy of 98.93% for crystallization ponds, but only 82.68% for condensation ponds. Use of the panchromatic band alone improved the accuracy for condensation ponds but decreased the accuracy for crystallization and evaporation ponds. Results derived from PCA-fused data are highly consistent with the ground statistics at a discrepancy between 0.35% for evaporation zone and 1.80% for condensation zone. It is concluded that a fine spectral resolution is important to separation of ponds of a varying salt content while a fine spatial resolution is important to their mapped area. Ponds of a lower salt content can be mapped more accurately from fused data than from raw spectral bands.     

An updated model of atomic oxygen redline dayglow emission

A comprehensive model is developed using the updated rate coefficients and transition probabilities to study the redline dayglow emission of atomic oxygen. The solar EUV fluxes are obtained from the Solar Irradiance Platform (SIP), and incorporated into the model successfully. All possible production and loss mechanisms of O(¹D) are considered in the model. The neutral number densities and temperature are adopted from the NRLMSISE-00 model. The ion and electron densities, and electron temperature are adopted from the IRI-07 model. The model results are validated with the help of measurements as provided by the Wind Imaging Interferometer (WINDII) on board Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS). The present results are found in better agreement with the measurements in comparison with the earlier model. The measured volume emission rate profiles are reproduced quite well by the present model. The model results show that the updated rate coefficients and transition probabilities are quite consistent and may be used in the aeronomical studies.     

Morphology of OI 8446 Å dayglow emission

A comprehensive model is developed to study the atomic oxygen OI 8446 Å dayglow emission. The emission rate profiles and intensities are obtained using the recently developed Solar2000 EUV (Extreme Ultra Violet) flux model. These emission profiles are used to construct the morphology of the 8446 Å emission between equator and 45°N in the northern hemisphere. The longitudinal variation of 8446 Å dayglow emission is found about 5% and is not included in the presentation of morphology. A span of five years is chosen to study the effect of varying solar activity on the morphology of the OI 8446 Å dayglow emission. The morphology is studied on April 3 which lies under the equinox conditions. In year 2001 the solar F10.7 index on the chosen date was as high as 223.1 which is the case of solar maximum. From the present calculations it is found that the intensity does not vary linearly with the F10.7 solar index. The morphology shows that the region of maximum emission rate expands towards the higher latitudes as F10.7 solar index increases. The similar effects have also been found in the morphology of 7320 Å dayglow emission (Sunil Krishna and Singh, 2009). The similarities in the morphology of 7320 Å and 8446 Å dayglow emissions further suggest that the photoelectron flux has strong bearing on the production of these emissions.     

Initial phase of mid-latitude aurora during strong geomagnetic storms

Analysing the initial mid-latitude aurora phase during strong geomagnetic storms we found that the initial phase of the mid-latitude aurorae observed at 630 nm emission during the strong geomagnetic storms on March 24, 1991, April 6, 2000, October 30 and November 20, 2003 is characterized by a short (∼1 h) wave-like disturbance. This disturbance corresponds to the beginning of main phase of the magnetic storms. The marked effect of the mid-latitude aurorae is analyzed using data on magnetosphere and ionosphere conditions in observation periods. The features of the dynamics of the 630 nm emission intensity and its connection with the dynamics of magnetospheric–ionospheric structures are considered. Possible excitation mechanisms of the atomic oxygen emission (630 nm) during these disturbances are discussed.