Numerical simulation of a cabin ventilation subsystem in a space station oriented real-time system

An environment control and life support system(ECLSS) is an important system in a space station. The ECLSS is a typical complex system, and the real-time simulation technology can help to accelerate its research process by using distributed hardware in a loop simulation system. An implicit fixed time step numerical integration method is recommended for a real-time simulation system with time-varying parameters. However, its computational efficiency is too low to satisfy the real-time data interaction, especially for the complex ECLSS system running on a PC cluster. The instability problem of an explicit method strongly limits its application in the ECLSS real-time simulation although it has a high computational efficiency. This paper proposes an improved numerical simulation method to overcome the instability problem based on the explicit Euler method. A temperature and humidity control subsystem(THCS) is firstly established, and its numerical stability is analyzed by using the eigenvalue estimation theory. Furthermore, an adaptive operator is proposed to avoid the potential instability problem. The stability and accuracy of the proposed method are investigated carefully. Simulation results show that this proposed method can provide a good way for some complex time-variant systems to run their real-time simulation on a PC cluster.     

双L型阵列DOA估计的PM算法的性能分析与改进

 双L型阵列天线的二维信号来向（DOA）估计采用传播算子法（PM），运算简单、计算量小。但对于非对称的双L型阵列天线，其中阵元数目少的均匀直线阵会引起较大的DOA估计误差。为此进行PM算法的性能分析与误差讨论，在单个信号源的前提下提出一种改进的PM算法。理论分析与计算机仿真结果均表明，该改进的PM算法保持了PM本身计算量小的优点，能够实现实时二维DOA估计。同时提高了测角精度，降低了方差，且对双L型阵列的使用更具普遍性。     

Convergence analysis for inexact mechanization of Kalman filtering

A computational aspect of real-time estimation is considered, in which the estimation algorithm to be used has the standard optimal Kalman filtering structure, but the actual inverse matrix within the Kalman gain is replaced by an expedient approximation at each instant. In real-time applications, most Kalman filtering schemes are approximate to a degree as a consequence of numerical roundoff matrix inversion. The convergence properties and error estimates of such schemes are obtained to provide a theoretical basis for gauging the utility of using the above approximations of the Kalman gain matrix at each time instant. A new exponentially convergent scheme is also suggested for approximating the inverse matrix within the Kalman gain. Conditions are determined under which online approximate matrix inversion can be eliminated as the cause of Kalman filter divergence in real-time implementations     

无人飞行器集群仅测距初始相对位姿确定方法研究CSCD

针对全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)拒止环境下无人飞行器集群成员间的相对定位问题,研究了一种基于机载惯性测量单元(IMU)、气压高度计与数据链测距组合的初始相对位姿求解算法。首先,在高度计稳定输出较为精确的高度信息的前提下,将飞行器的三维运动解耦成二维水平运动,给出了三维加速度和角速度、测距信息的水平坐标系投影等效模型。在此基础上,以待求量相对位置和航向角的非线性形式构造了新的待求状态量,并将相对位置和航向角的非线性求解问题转化成了新状态量的线性模型最小二乘求解问题。然后,通过引入递推最小二乘算法(RLS),建立了该相对位姿求解算法的实时输出递推形式,有效降低了机载在线计算的负载。接着,对所提算法进行了可观测性分析,并给出了使系统状态量不可观测的几种相对运动形式。最后,对所提算法进行了数值仿真实验,仿真结果表明,该算法能够有效、快速求解初始相对位姿,位置误差在初始相对距离的10%以内,航向角误差在初始相对角度的1%以内。     

基于DCT-CS的脉冲星周期超快速估计方法

受快速傅里叶变换（fast Fourier transform，FFT）的影响，基于FFT和压缩感知（compressive sensing, CS）的脉冲星周期快速估计算法的计算量大。为进一步减小计算量并提高计算精度，利用离散余弦变换（discrete cosine transform，DCT)取代FFT，提出了一种基于DCT-CS的脉冲星周期超快速估计算法。在该方法中，利用DCT提取脉冲星信号的低频部分构建低频DCT矩阵；构建畸变轮廓字典并获取累积轮廓；提出了利用最大值超分辨率稀疏恢复估计脉冲星周期的方法。仿真结果表明，DCT-CS的脉冲星周期估计精度达到了3.82×10-12 s，计算时间达到了9.31 ms。与FFT-CS相比，周期估计精度提高了约16%，计算时间缩短了约37.5%，实现了实时高精度的脉冲星周期估计。     

基于深度学习的飞行载荷测试与反演方法研究

飞行载荷测试技术对飞机的载荷设计、强度试飞以及寿命监控等有重要的意义。为了实现复杂翼结 构气动载荷的实时在线分布测试,提出基于精细化有限元仿真数据驱动的载荷反演方法;使用深度学习方法建 立神经网络代理模型,通过有限元方法构建典型载荷下的结构响应数据集,对模型进行训练;将基于深度学习 方法的翼面载荷反演结果与有限元计算结果进行对比验证。结果表明:总载荷的平均误差约为0.2%,压心位 置误差约为1%,该方法可以使用少量的应变测点数据对整个翼面结构的载荷分布实时反演与重构。     

Lateral Flight Technical Error Estimation Model for Performance Based Navigation

Flight technical error (FTE) combined with navigation system error (NSE) is the main part of total system error (TSE) in performance based navigation (PBN).The implementation of PBN requires pre-flight prediction and en-route short-term dynamical prediction of the TSE.Once the sum of predicted lateral FTE and NSE is greater than the specified PBN value,the PBN cannot operate.Thus,accurate modeling and thorough analysis of lateral FTE are indispensible.Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) lateral track control system of a transport aircraft is designed using linear quadratic Gaussian and loop transfer recovery (LQG/LTR) method,and the lateral FTE of a turbulence disturbed approach operation is analyzed.The error estimation mapping function of latera FTE and its bound estimation algorithm are proposed based on singular value theory.According to the forming mechanism of lateral FTE,the algorithm considers environmental turbulence fluctuation disturbance,aircraft dynamics and control system parameters.Real-data-based Monte-Carlo simulation validates the theoretical analysis of FTE.It also shows that FTE is mainly caused by turbulence fluctuation disturbance when automatic flight control system (AFCS) is engaged and would increase with escalating environmental turbulence intensity.     

基于自适应代理模型的结构动力可靠度分析方法

结构动力可靠度分析对于衡量结构的安全状态和工作性能具有重要的指导意义。采用一种同时考虑 动态激励载荷和材料力学性能参数随机性的动力可靠度计算高效方法,通过建立不确定性材料力学性能参数 与条件动力可靠度之间的 Kriging代理模型,推导动力可靠度的解析表达式;提出一个新的学习函数来构建自 适应的 Kriging代理过程,通过复合材料飞行器蒙皮骨架结构在随机振动载荷和随机材料力学性能参数共同作 用下的动力可靠度分析对所提方法的准确性与高效性进行验证。结果表明:所提方法不仅能够避免使用代理 模型对动力可靠度求解时由于使用数值积分所引入的误差,同时能够使用尽可能少的计算成本获得准确的动 力可靠度结果。     

Periodic Error Compensation for Quartz MEMS Gyroscope Drift of INS

In order to improve the navigation accuracy of an inertial navigation system （INS）, composed of quartz gyroscopes, the existing real-time compensation methods for periodic errors in quartz gyroscope drift and the periodic error term relationship between sampled original data and smoothed data are reviewed. On the base of the results, a new compensation method called using former period characteristics to compensate latter smoothness data （UFCL for short） method is proposed considering the INS working characteristics. This new method uses the original data without smoothing to work out an error conversion formula at the INS initial alignment time and then compensate the smoothed data errors by way of the formula at the navigation time. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results demonstrate that this method is able to cut down on computational time and raise the accuracy which makes it a better real-time compensation approach for periodic error terms of quartz micro electronic mechanical system （MEMS） gyroscope＇s zero drift.     

复杂结构飞行器的飞行载荷建模方法研究

复杂结构飞行器的传统飞行载荷建模方法存在误差大、效率低的问题。考虑电桥指标及载荷方程指标对载荷模型的综合影响,提出一种飞行载荷改进建模方法,以多梁多墙结构为例,基于某型机机翼地面载荷校准试验数据建立载荷模型,将改进方法与传统方法计算的弯矩及剪力进行对比,结合试飞数据对改进方法所得模型进行验证。结果表明：该飞行载荷改进建...     

Tracking a ballistic target: comparison of several nonlinear filters

This paper studies the problem of tracking a ballistic object in the reentry phase by processing radar measurements. A suitable (highly nonlinear) model of target motion is developed and the theoretical Cramer-Rao lower bounds (CRLB) of estimation error are derived. The estimation performance (error mean and standard deviation; consistency test) of the following nonlinear filters is compared: the extended Kalman filter (EKF), the. statistical linearization, the particle filtering, and the unscented Kalman filter (UKF). The simulation results favor the EKF; it combines the statistical efficiency with a modest computational load. This conclusion is valid when the target ballistic coefficient is a priori known.     

A direct position determination method with combined TDOA and FDOA based on particle filter

The localization of a stationary transmitter using moving receivers is considered. The original Direct Position Determination (DPD) methods, with combined Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) and Frequency Difference of Arrival (FDOA), do not perform well under low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), and worse still, the computation cost is difficult to accept when the computational capabilities are limited. To get better positioning performance, we present a new DPD algorithm that proves to be more computationally efficient and more precise for weak signals than the conventional approach. The algorithm partitions the signal received with the same receiver into multiple non-overlapping short-time signal segments, and then uses the TDOA, the FDOA and the coherency among the short-time signals to locate the target. The fast maximum likelihood estimation, one iterative method based on particle filter, is designed to solve the problem of high computation load. A secondary but important result is a derivation of closed-form expressions of the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB). The simulation results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper outperforms the traditional DPD algorithms with more accurate results and higher computational efficiency, and especially at low SNR, it is more close to the CRLB.     

一种基于随机优化算法的民用飞机突风动载荷重建方法

民用飞机突风载荷的准确重建对于飞行安全具有十分重要的意义。基于随机优化算法,提出一种突风动载荷重建方法。首先,基于频域气弹耦合方程,建立一个突风动载荷时域分析模型,其次,引入Hicks-Henne 型函数进行突风速度场的参数化建模,在此基础上,基于随机优化算法对各型函数参数进行迭代寻优,使得优化目标值与测量值一致,最终得到重建后的突风速度及对应的动态响应及载荷。最后,以GTA 模型经历1-cos 形状突风为例进行数值仿真。结果表明：本文提出的突风动载荷重建方法可有效实现突风速度场的识别,进而完成突风动载荷的重建;针对本文算例,过载最大误差为3.5%,载荷最大误差不超过1%。     

基于EKF的小型涵道式无人机航姿系统算法研究

针对小型涵道式无人机,设计了一种基于扩展Kalman滤波的航姿估计算法。采用四元数作为状态变量,利用陀螺仪的输出构成状态方程,通过加速度计与磁阻传感器构造观测方程来进行扩展Kalman滤波解算。相对于通常的航姿估计算法,这种算法减少了运算量,更适合于基于嵌入式微处理器的航姿估计。实验结果表明这种算法有效的抑制了航姿系统的各种噪声与干扰,同时保证了姿态输出的精度与实时性,可以为小型无人机提供准确的航姿信息。     

无线电外弹道测量设备轴系误差修正方法改进

对无线电外弹道测量设备轴系误差的性质进行分析,论述了传统轴系误差修正方法的缺点,采用坐标系转换的原理,推出了一种轴系误差的精确修正方法。对各种误差项进行分离,将传统的轴系误差修正方法改进为实时快速修正方法,并利用实际标定的误差数据,仿真计算不同修正方法的修正效果,验证了轴系误差精确修正方法的正确性,验证了实时快速修正方法的正确性和快速性。     

鲁棒EKF在脉冲星导航系统中的应用

针对脉冲星导航系统的滤波问题,传统的扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)算法存在不能克服系统模型存在不确定性参数以及乘性噪声等缺陷,提出一种鲁棒EKF算法。首先,分析了状态预测误差方程和估计误差方程,利用统计学原理,得到了状态预测方差矩阵和状态估计方差矩阵计算等式。由于系统模型存在不确定性参数,状态预测协方差矩阵和状态估计协方差矩阵无法计算;因此,利用4个重要矩阵不等式,分析并找到预测方差矩阵和状态估计方差矩阵的上界。最后,利用状态估计误差协方差矩阵上界设计状态增益矩阵,使得状态估计协方差矩阵的迹最小。将该算法对脉冲星导航系统进行仿真,仿真结果验证了所提算法的有效性。     

On-orbit real-time magnetometer bias determination for micro-satellites without attitude information

Due to the disadvantages such as complex calculation, low accuracy of estimation, and being non real time in present methods, a new real-time algorithm is developed for on-orbit magnetometer bias determination of micro-satellites without attitude knowledge in this paper. This method uses the differential value approach. It avoids the impact of quartic nature and uses the iterative method to satisfy real-time applications. Simulation results indicate that the new real-time algorithm is more accurate compared with other methods, which are also tested by an experiment system using real noise data. With the new real-time algorithm, a magnetometer calibration can be taken on-orbit and will reduce the demand for computing power effectively.     

求解常微分方程组的小波技术

研究发展一种新的求解常微分方程的数值方法—快速小波配置法 (FWCM) ,该方法与传统的时间推进或频率区间方法完全不同。快速小波配置法是将任意函数展开为小波基函数 ,用快速离散小波转换技术 (DWT) ,有效地构造常微分方程的近似解。计算过程中 ,在小波展开层次和自变量区间两个不同方面采用了多层自适应和多区间自适应处理技术 ,提高了计算过程的稳定性和收敛性 ,并且具有均匀的误差分布。特别是在常微分方程的长时间解方面 ,与Runge-Kutta方法比较 ,具有稳定的长时间性态。     

基于协方差矩阵高阶幂的二维DOA估计新算法

 针对稀疏分解方法进行均匀圆阵(UCA)的二维波达方向(DOA)估计运算复杂度大的问题,提出了一种基于协方差矩阵高阶幂稀疏分解的二维DOA估计新算法。该算法首先利用协方差矩阵高阶幂无需进行特征值分解和信源数估计的特性,构建了协方差矩阵高阶幂的稀疏分解向量;然后运用粒度分层思想,构造了粗区域估计和细方位估计的分层多粒度的快速分解模型,分层字典的长度大大减少,在保持估计精度的前提下,算法运算时间远小于现有的恒定冗余字典的稀疏分解方法,从而解决了基于稀疏分解的圆阵二维DOA估计问题。论文提出的算法与二维MUSIC算法相比,估计精度高,且能满足对相干信号的估计。仿真结果验证了算法的有效性和可行性。     

传递矩阵法特征值问题解法改进

传递矩阵法实特征值方程的形式为:D(Ω)=0(1)式中D(Ω)是随Ω而变化的N阶特征行列式。