聚合物固态电解质在锂硫电池中的应用

采用微观和宏观包覆两种方式制备聚合物固态电解质包覆的硫@碳纤维复合固态电极,利用扫描电镜、元素分析和电化学测试表征电极的微观形貌,研究相应锂硫电池的电池性能。结果表明:微观的聚合物固态电解质包覆活性材料的电极结构有利于离子传输;电极表面宏观构建一层聚合物固态电解质薄膜有助于改善电极的循环稳定性,抑制穿梭效应;利用膜电极结构组装的全固态锂硫电池具有良好的循环性能,循环270次后库仑效率仍保持98%以上。     

可用于红外隐身的纳米石墨薄膜热辐射调制器的研究

碳材料以重量轻、比表面积大、机械强度高、导电性好等特性在隐身技术领域有巨大的应用潜力。本文基于化学气相沉积方法，通过优化生长温度、降温速率和氢气流量制备出厚度为500～700nm、表面褶皱且具有高结晶度的石墨薄膜。进一步通过构建夹层结构的中红外热辐射调制器，研究了离子插入对纳米石墨薄膜红外热辐射性能的影响，发现在0～4V电压调控范围，通过电控制离子液体插入，石墨薄膜的红外发射率可以从0.38降低到0.06，且红外发射率调谐性能可逆。这种纳米石墨薄膜可以作为一种新型的智能热表面材料，用于复杂背景下的动态热伪装或红外隐身，同时其发射率可动态调谐的性能使其在辐射冷却、个人热管理和红外通信等方面也有巨大的潜在应用价值。     

面向空间应用的薄膜可展开结构研究进展及技术挑战

空间可展开结构正向着大型化、轻量化和高精度的方向发展,薄膜可展开结构以其高收纳比、高比刚度等优势而成为大型空间可展开结构的重要实现手段之一。结合未来构建大型空间结构系统的需求,梳理了薄膜可展开结构在大面积电池阵、大口径星载天线、太阳帆、遮光板、再入减速装置及太空舱等多个方面的典型空间应用,介绍了各类空间薄膜可展开结构的研究进展,探讨了薄膜可展开结构在系统设计、柔性材料、收拢展开、结构控制和加工测试等方面存在的技术挑战。     

赝火花脉冲电子束烧蚀制备纳米薄膜

类似于脉冲激光束烧蚀法制备薄膜 ,利用纳秒赝火花脉冲电子束与靶材料相互作用 ,通过靶材料的瞬间熔化、蒸发或以团簇抛出的方式 ,在低温衬底上重新成核、凝结 ,得到了与靶材的化学计量比相同的薄膜。讨论了材料烧蚀和沉积过程中出现的诸多现象 ,并给出高分辨电子显微镜、X射线衍射、光电子能谱分析等方法的测试结果。研究表明 ,由于赝火花脉冲电子束高功率密度 (10 9W cm2 )的瞬态烧蚀作用 ,为研究和制备多元素氧化物薄膜、难熔金属多层膜或氧化物 金属多层膜提供了一种新手段     

基于I-Br-Cl三元杂化钙钛矿薄膜的制备及表征

钙钛矿具有吸收系数高、载流子扩散长度长和带隙可调节等优点，是目前最有应用前景的光电材料。研究表明，掺杂Br、Cl的MAPbI₃可以提高钙钛矿薄膜的稳定性和光谱性能。为探索I-Br-Cl三元卤素杂化钙钛矿薄膜可行性，采用一步旋涂法制备了掺I、Br、Cl量不同的钙钛矿薄膜，并对其微观形貌和结构进行表征，对其光谱性能进行测试。结果表明：在所制备的薄膜试样中，MAPb(I_0.85Br_0.05Cl_0.10)₃钙钛矿可形成连续完整的薄膜，其结晶度最高，吸光度最大；MAPb(I_0.80Br_0.05Cl_0.15)₃钙钛矿薄膜的发光强度最高。     

富锂锰基正极材料研究进展

随着社会发展,电动汽车、消费类(3C)电子产品、储能装置等对锂离子电池的能量密度提出了更高要求。富锂锰基正极材料具有高比容量(≈250 mAh/g)、高工作电压(≈3.6 V)及低成本等优势,有望成为下一代商用高比能电池正极材料。首次库仑效率低、倍率性能差、电压/容量衰减快等问题限制了富锂锰基正极材料的工程化应用。本文综述了富锂锰基正极材料的最新研究进展,重点从材料结构、电化学反应机理、失效机制和改性方法等几方面进行了阐述。研究表明,采用离子掺杂、表面包覆、晶体结构调控等技术,可显著改善富锂锰基正极材料的电化学性能。最后,对富锂锰基正极材料的发展方向进行了展望。     

TiO2-SiO2复合薄膜亲水性能研究

采用溶胶一凝胶法,钛酸丁酯和正硅酸乙酯为前驱体,在玻璃载体上制备了具有光致亲水性能的复合型TiO2-S iO2薄膜。研究了试剂配比、试剂加入方式、凝胶时间、镀膜速度、焙烧升温速度等对薄膜性能的影响。通过对试剂配比和工艺参数的优化,提高了复合薄膜的亲水性能。     

化学液相沉积制备PbSe薄膜生长过程及其性能研究

采用化学液相沉积方法在醋酸铅溶液体系中制备了厚度在微米量级的PbSe薄膜,通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射和红外光谱分析等测试手段研究了PbSe薄膜的生长过程以及沉积时间对薄膜相结构、表面形貌和红外透光性能的影响.研究结果表明:随着沉积时间的增加,薄膜致密度增大,Se/Pb原子比增加,都为表面富Se的PbSe薄膜;在不同沉积时...     

磁控溅射用W-Ti合金靶材的研究进展

W-Ti合金靶材可作为原材料,通过磁控溅射技术,制备W-Ti、W-Ti-N、W-Ti-O等功能薄膜,应用于集成电路、薄膜太阳能电池等领域。本文介绍了W-Ti合金靶材的性能指标、各种制备技术和应用领域,提出高纯度、全致密、少富Ti相、小粒径、大尺寸、低成本是W-Ti合金靶材的重要方向。     

离子束辅助沉积WS_2-Ti-Ag复合薄膜的摩擦性能

采用ZDH-100型号离子束复合沉积设备沉积WS_2-Ti-Ag复合薄膜,基材为轴承钢和单晶硅(100).采用场发射扫描电子显微镜、XRD衍射仪,检测复合薄膜的表面形貌、微观结构.采用球-盘式摩擦磨损试验机,对复合薄膜在大气环境中的摩擦性能进行了研究.结果表明:采用离子束辅助沉积技术制备的WS_2-Ti-Ag复合薄膜是非晶态薄膜;并且随法向载荷的增加,复合薄膜的摩擦因数减小,摩擦状态越稳定,耐磨寿命越短.     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.