Arrangement of low-emission combustion in the annular GTE combustion chamber

The results of experimental studies carried out for creation and development of an annular combustion chamber with reduced NO _x emission for a full-scale gas turbine plant are presented.     

湍流燃烧模型在航空发动机喷雾燃烧中的应用

使用自主开发的计算软件,数值模拟航空发动机旋流杯环形燃烧室三维湍流煤油两相燃烧过程,采用多维经验分析法与多步反应火焰面模型预测旋流杯环形燃烧室污染物排放,对4种湍流燃烧模型预测喷雾燃烧流场与污染物排放能力进行评估.各模型所得的计算值与试验数据较为相符,表明这些模型都可用来预测旋流杯环形燃烧室两相燃烧流场和污染物排放能力,但是不同模型的计算精度不相同.其中多步反应火焰面模型所得的出口温度分布与污染物排放与试验结果最接近,其预测精度高于其他模型.因此合理选择湍流燃烧模型可以提高计算准确性和可靠性.      

预混燃烧大涡模拟和燃烧模型的检验

用代数二阶矩亚网格(ASOM-SGS)燃烧模型对文献中测量的钝体后方丙烷-空气预混燃烧进行了大涡模拟,模拟统计的时平均速度、速度脉动均方根值和温度分布与实验数据结果吻合很好,表明所采用的ASOM-SGS亚网格燃烧模型是合理的。模拟的瞬态结果显现了钝体后方湍流流动和火焰结构。将大涡模拟数据统计得到的反应率系数-浓度关联量的分布规律,与代数二阶矩RANS(ASOM-RANS)燃烧模型的模拟值进行对比,结果发现,大涡模拟统计值和ASOM-RANS模型的模拟值很接近,从而证明了湍流燃烧代数二阶矩RANS模型的合理性。     

湍流燃烧模型对氢燃料超燃室流场模拟的影响

采用化学平衡的假定概率密度函数(PDF)模型和火焰面模型计算了德国宇航研究中心的超燃室反应流,计算结果与有限速率反应模型的和实验的结果进行了对比.使用有限体积法离散Favre平均的N-S方程,湍流模型采用k-ε模型.研究表明:(1)有限速率反应模型在喷氢孔近场,化学平衡的假定PDF模型在喷氢孔远场不能准确捕捉流场的细致结构,而火焰面模型对全流场预测较好,后两种模型的计算时间较有限速率反应模型节省约38%;(2)超燃室内湍流和燃烧相互作用不可忽略,从预测精度和计算效率来看,火焰面模型有较好的工程应用前景.      

Investigation of aqueous ethanol combustion in the reciprocating internal combustion engine

The results of an experimental research, conducted to study a possibility of reducing nitrogen oxide emission in the reciprocating internal combustion engine (ICE) at the combustion mode close to stoichiometric one by increasing the water content in the aqueous ethanol solution are presented. It has been established that as the water quantity in aqueous ethanol grows, a 30-fold reduction in the nitrogen oxides emission level is achieved without a drop in the engine power-to-weight ratio.     

两种亚网格燃烧模型的旋流扩散燃烧大涡模拟

用二阶矩亚网格（SOM—SGS）燃烧模型和文献中的涡旋破碎亚网格（EBU—SGS）燃烧模型，对甲烷一空气旋流扩散燃烧进行了大涡模拟，将二者得到的LES统计平均温度分布和实验结果以及用二阶矩燃烧模型的统观模拟（RANS—SOM）结果比较，表明LES—SOM和RANS—SOM的模拟结果都和实验符合较好，而LES—EBU的模拟结果和实验不符合，在不同区域内高估或者低估了燃烧温度。其原因是由于EBU模型不能有效地考虑有限反应动力学的作用。LES—SOM模拟的瞬态结果显示了旋流扩散火焰的湍流大涡结构不同于射流火焰的特点。     

Experimental of combustion instability in NTO/MMH impinging combustion chambers

This paper presents an experimental study into dynamics of chamber pressure and heat release rate during self-excited spinning and standing azimuthal mode in NTO/MMH (nitrogen tetroxide/monomethylhydrazine) impinging combustion chambers. Nine cases including two combustion chamber configurations were conducted. The operating conditions of all unstable cases were located in the instability region according to Hewitt empirical correlation. The results show that chamber pressure oscillations keep pace with the corresponding OH* chemiluminescence intensity over the whole combustion region in the spinning and standing modes. It is indicated that the Rayleigh index is positive over the whole combustion area in all the unstable cases. A significant supersonic flame front structure of the first-order spinning mode was found in a cylindrical chamber, which means that a detonation wave could exist in the cylindrical chamber without a center body. The pressure and heat release rate oscillations at the pressure node are nonnegligible although their amplitudes are lower than those at the pressure antinode in the first-order standing mode with an annular chamber. Besides, the dominant frequency of pressure and heat release rate oscillations at the pressure node is twice as high as that at the pressure antinode.     

液体火箭发动机非稳态燃烧过程对其稳定性的影响

基于模型分析了由非稳态燃烧过程引起的不稳定热释放这一激励源项对稳定性的影响,探讨了相应的激励机理。采用小扰动分析方法,将一维层流预混火焰燃烧模型方程分解为稳态和非稳态两类控制方程,建立了线性增长率中燃烧释热项的计算方法,获得了温度及释热量的空间分布,探讨了初始温度及比热比变化对其影响规律。结果表明:采用高能推进剂的燃烧系统具有相对较低的稳定性,而对于同一种推进剂,比热比的增加会导致稳定性对频率的敏感程度增加,且具有明显的频率选择性。      

基于射流搅拌燃烧反应器加压条件下的航空煤油燃烧NOx排放

为了研究碳氢燃料燃烧产物NOx的排放,构建了射流搅拌燃烧反应器(JSCR)试验系统,并经过了初步验证.随后利用该试验系统对航空煤油RP-3的燃烧NOx排放进行了测试,射流搅拌燃烧反应器内压力为2×105 Pa和3×105 Pa,进口温度为650K,当量比范围为0.5~1.2.研究结果表明:在当量比为0.5~1.2范围内,航空煤油燃烧NOx排放先随当量比的增大而增多,在当量比为0.95附近达到最大值,随后减少;NOx排放随压力的增大而增多.同时,验证了该射流搅拌燃烧反应器可作为研究碳氢燃料燃烧产物的基础试验平台.     

空气引射式燃烧室的无焰燃烧特性分析

进一步降低燃气轮机的污染物排放就必须采用新的燃烧技术.设计的空气引射式模型燃烧室内部具有新的燃烧组织方式.火焰筒头部用非旋流高速空气引射机匣内的预热空气进行助燃,机匣内的其余冷却空气经火焰筒壁面换热后由尾部稀释孔射出,实现出口的混合调温调质.用CFD数值方法研究了模型燃烧室的无焰燃烧特性.研究结果表明新型燃烧室的各项燃烧性能优良,NOx排放远低于常规燃烧室.对低污染燃烧室设计有工程应用价值.     

多旋流LPP影响燃烧特性的数值分析

对贫油经由双级旋流器在突扩燃烧室内的旋流扩散燃烧反应进行了CFD数值研究。通过改变一级旋流器和二级旋流器的空气流量分配,定量研究了旋流杯内油气的局部混合和蒸发对双旋流燃烧特性的影响。结果表明,合理的气量分配使旋流杯内的油气具有较明显的贫油部分预混合预蒸发LPP效应;使燃烧室头部区域具有LPP燃烧特性：头部燃烧区位置和结构合理,温场峰值低且比较均匀,产生较少的NO污染物。相关计算结果与试验结果相符合。     

Experimental study of rotating gliding arc discharge plasma-assisted combustion in an aero-engine combustion chamber

The combustion chamber is the core component of an aero-engine, and affects its reliability and security operation, even the performance of the aircraft. In this work, a Plasma-Assisted Combustion(PAC) test platform was developed to validate the feasibility of using PAC actuators to enhance annular combustor performance. Two plans of PAC(rotating gliding arc discharge plasma) were designed, Assisted Combustion from Primary Holes(ACPH) and Assisted Combustion from Dilution Holes(ACDH). Comparative experiments and analysis between conventional combustion and PAC were conducted to study the effects of ACPH and ACDH on the performances including average outlet temperature, combustion efficiency, pattern factor under four different excessive air coefficients(0.8, 1, 2, and 4), and lean blowout performance at different inlet airflow velocities. Experimental results show that the combustion efficiency is improved after PAC compared with that in normal conditions, and the combustion efficiency of ACPH increases2.45%, 1.49%, 1.04%, and 0.47%, while it increases 2.75%, 1.67%, 1.36%, and 0.36% under ACDH conditions. The uniformity of the outlet temperature field and the lean blowout performance are improved after PAC. Especially for ACPH, the widening of the lean blowout limit is8.3%, 12.4%, 12.8%, and 25% respectively when the inlet velocity ranges from 60 m/s to120 m/s. These results offer new perspectives for using PAC devices to enhance aero-engine combustors' performances.     

非壅塞火箭冲压发动机补燃室两相流数值模拟

采用颗粒轨道模型进行了非壅塞火箭冲压发动机补燃室两相流的数值模拟,其中铝颗粒的燃烧模型采用的是Davis扩散控制燃速的燃烧模型,建立了发动机补然室简单反应流模型,并在该模型下对某实验发动机进行了模拟,得出颗粒在补燃室内的分布,结果表明:与颗粒确定轨道模型相比,颗粒随机轨道模型更加适合模拟冲压发动机中的两相流动,并且颗粒的初始直径对颗粒燃烧效率有很大的影响。     

RBCC发动机燃料喷注位置变化对混合燃烧模式燃烧的影响

为了研究混合燃烧模式下燃料喷注位置对燃烧的影响,通过数值模拟的方法,研究了喷注位置变化时,流道组分质量分数分布、高温放热区域及流道压强分布的变化规律.结果表明,混合燃烧模式中,喷注位置变化对燃烧流场影响很大.在燃烧室中,燃料喷注位置靠前能给燃烧带来帮助,提高燃料与二次来流的掺混能力,并且由于燃料与一次火箭高温羽流相互掺混等影响提前,加快燃料的雾化蒸发,促进燃烧流场的火焰传播,减少煤油点火延迟时间,提高了燃烧效率.因此为了提高混合燃烧模式下的燃烧性能,应尽可能选择燃烧室前端位置进行燃料喷注.      

当量油气比对内燃波转子燃烧特性的影响

为了研究当量油气比对内燃波转子燃烧特性的影响规律,采用控制变量法,保持内燃波转子转速、混气填充速度不变,通过调节燃料喷射体积流量改变混气的当量油气比。在不同的当量油气比下开展内燃波转子燃烧特性试验。试验结果表明:当量油气比对于内燃波转子燃烧过程影响很大,随着当量油气比的增加,内燃波转子获得的燃烧压力增益增大,在内燃波转子转速为900r/min、混气填充速度为6.741m/s、当量油气比为1.442时,6个工作循环内平均燃烧压力增益达到246.29％,火焰平均传播速度随当量油气比呈类似正态分布,在化学恰当比附近达到最大10.8m/s。当量油气比小于1时,两组工况下火焰锋面呈向下倾斜状传播,当量油气比大于1时,两组工况下火焰锋面呈向上倾斜状传播。      

Investigation of the loop combustion chamber

As a result of the experimental-theoretical study of the loop (countercurrent) combustion chamber of the gas turbine engine, the data and theoretical dependences are obtained on the change in the combustion completeness and combustion temperature in various operating modes.     

空气节流对超燃发动机燃烧性能的影响

为优化隔离段及燃烧室内的流场结构,减小流动速度,提高流道压力,在凹槽稳焰器下游布置空气节流装置,向燃烧室内喷入高压空气,目的是在隔离段建立合适的激波串,以利于点火和火焰稳定.采用CFD方法,对比了无/有空气节流时的冷流流场、燃烧流场,结果表明:节流激波串扩大了低动量区域,激波引起的流动扭曲和较长的驻留时间使得分离流内的空气/燃料混合程度得到显著增强,混合效率由无节流时的40%提高到85%,燃烧效率由无节流时的10%提高到60%.对节流位置和节流量进行了参数化研究,以隔离段入口为坐标原点,分别考察了785,1000,1100mm三个流向节流位置,以及10%,15%,30%三种节流量的影响,结果表明:距离凹槽较近的节流位置对燃烧的影响更为显著,所需节流量更少.30%的节流量将使燃烧室背压急剧提高,引起流动壅塞.研究表明在785mm的流向节流位置采用15%的节流量可获得最好的燃烧性能.      

煤油超声速燃烧的数值分析

利用计算流体力学软件对煤油在所设计的双模态超声速燃烧室内的超声速喷雾燃烧进行了数值模拟。采用离散液滴模型、概率密度函数紊流扩散燃烧模型和紊流k ω模型计算了在飞行马赫数为5,煤油与空气的当量比为0 551时的情况。数值结果得到的壁面静压分布与实验数据基本一致;计算所得到的总压损失系数是0 696,非常接近实验测量值0 707,但计算得到的燃烧室燃烧效率远比实验值高。     

Simulation of thermal radiation emitted by heterogeneous combustion products in the combustion chamber of a model engine

The paper presents technology and results of the computational experiment on investigation of thermal radiation in the combustion chamber of a model rocket engine. Dependence of optical properties, radiation characteristics and emission characteristics on the main determining factors and parameters is analyzed.     

Detailed modeling of aluminum particle combustion——From single particles to cloud combustion in Bunsen flames

A numerical model for aluminum cloud combustion which includes the effects of interphase heat transfer, phase change, heterogeneous surface reactions, homogeneous combustion,oxide cap growth and radiation within the Euler–Lagrange framework is proposed. The model is validated in single particle configurations with varying particle diameters. The combustion process of a single aluminum particle is analyzed in detail and the particle consumption rates as well as the heat release rates due to the v...