大载荷缠绕杆件的拉伸和压缩性能

采用缠绕成型的方法制备了碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料杆件,对杆件进行了拉伸、压缩试验,并且对缠绕用原材料的性能进行测试。结果表明:缠绕原材料的拉伸及层剪性能优异,缠绕成型的复合材料杆件力学性能较高,压缩与拉伸强度分别大于400与240 MPa,杆件端头是应力集中区域,端头的设计连接以及复合材料的层间性能是影响复合材料杆件拉伸、压缩性能的重要因素。     

Thermal and hydraulic characteristics of discretely rough tubes at transient flow regimes

Results are presented from an experimental study of heat transfer and hydraulic friction in tubes with discrete roughness in the form of annular protrusions and systems of spherical protrusions in forced convection of water. The thermohydraulic efficiency of these tubes is estimated.     

Advances and trends in plastic forming technologies for welded tubes

With the implementation of environmental protection, sustainable development and conservation-oriented policies, components and parts of thin-walled welded tubes have gained increasing application in the aircraft and automotive industries because of their advantages: easily achieving forming and manufacturing process at low cost and in a short time. The current research on welded tube plastic forming is mainly concentrated on tube internal high-pressure forming, tube bending forming, and tube spinning forming. The focuses are on the material properties and characterization of welded tubes, finite element modeling for welded tube forming, and inhomogeneous deformation behavior and the mechanism and rules of deformation coordination in welded tube plastic forming. This paper summarizes the research progress in welded tube plastic forming from these aspects. Finally, with a focus on the urgent demand of the aviation, aerospace and automotive industries for high-strength and light-weight tubes, this paper discusses the development trends and challenges in the theory and technology of welded tube plastic forming in the future. Among them,laser tailor-welded technology will find application in the manufacture of high-strength steel tubes.Tube-end forming technology, such as tube flaring and flanging technology, will expand its application in welded tubes. Therefore, future studies will focus on the FE modeling regarding how to consider effects of welding on residual stresses, welding distortions and microstructure, the inhomogeneous deformation and coordination mechanism of the plastic forming process of tailor-welded tubes, and some end-forming processes of welded tubes, and more comprehensive research on the forming mechanism and limit of welded tubes.     

缠绕角度对碳/环氧厚壁管件轴压性能影响的实验研究

文摘采用缠绕工艺制备了20°、30°和40°三种缠绕角度的碳/环氧厚壁管件,通过轴压实验研究了缠绕角度对厚壁管件的轴压模量和轴压强度的影响,并对轴压破坏模式进行了分析。实验测得轴向模量值比有限元模型计算值偏小,破坏模式为纤维层向外崩裂破坏与有限元分析结果一致。     

Effects of geometrical parameters on wrinkling of thin-walled rectangular aluminum alloy wave-guide tubes in rotary-draw bending

Inner flange and side wrinkling often occur in rotary-draw bending process of rectangular aluminum alloy wave-guide tubes, and the distribution and magnitude of wrinkling is related to geometrical parameters of the tubes. In order to study the effects of geometrical parameters on wrinkling of rectangular wave-guide tubes, a 3D-FE model for rotary-draw bending processes of thin-walled rectangular aluminum alloy wave-guide tubes was built based on the platform of ABA-QUS/Explicit, and its reliability was validated by experiments. Simulation and analysis of the influence laws of geometrical parameters on the wave heights of inner flange and side wrinkling were then carried out. The results show that inner flange wrinkling is the main wrinkling way to rectan- gular wave-guide tubes in rotary-draw bending processes, but side wrinkling cannot be neglected because side wrinkling is 2/3 of inner flange wrinkling when b and h are smaller. Inner flange and side wrinkling increase with increasing b and h; the influence of b on side wrinkling is larger than that of h, while both b and h affect inner flange wrinkling greatly. Inner flange and side wrinkling decrease with increasing R/h; the influence of h on inner flange and side wrinkling is larger than that of R.     

脉冲爆震发动机管外复杂波系的数值计算

为了研究脉冲爆震发动机外流场复杂波系的变化特点,用时空守恒元与求解元(CE/SE)方法对单爆震管和三爆震管脉冲爆震发动机外流场进行了计算。三个爆震管并排排列,管内填充按化学当量比混合的乙烯氧气混和物。通过计算,获得了脉冲爆震发动机外流场的压力分布、温度分布、激波与膨胀波的变化特点。计算结果表明该时空守恒元与求解元方法是一种较好的爆震波模拟方法,能有效地捕捉激波等强间断;三爆震管脉冲爆震发动机相对于单爆震管脉冲爆震发动机外流场复杂,存在多道相互作用、相互影响的激波和膨胀波。     

气动谐振管加热过程气体参数的测量与分析

实验研究了圆柱形、圆锥形和锥柱形三种结构形式的气动谐振加热管,采用高温高频压力传感器和灵敏度较高的温度传感器直接测量了谐振管加热过程中谐振腔底气体的压力和温度的时间历程。实验结果确认了谐振管加热的主要机理是激波振荡累积加热机制,而且表明谐振温升与管内气体压力振荡幅值有关,而谐振管压力振荡幅值与驱动气体压力有关;结构形式不同的谐振管,加热特性显著不同。实验结果有助于液体火箭发动机谐振管点火器的实际设计,而且可以用来检验数值模拟的正确性。      

B/Al复合管材的轴压破坏及力学性能分析

对B／Al复合管材进行了整体轴压破坏试验，并对材料基本力学性能进行了测试。结果表明，管材轴压的理论计算值比试验破坏值小得多，平均修正系数达1．57；管材基本力学性能σ拉伸、E拉伸分别达到了1130MPa,228GPa,σ压缩、E压缩达到了2510MPa,243GPa。对管材破坏模式的研究认为，为了提高管子的压缩破坏载荷，必须减小管子与接头处的应力集中，改进管子的成型工艺，尽力消除管子成型模具接缝处的薄弱区。     

倾斜管内自然对流沸腾临界热流密度的研究

用实验方法对浸没在饱和液体中的倾斜加热细管内的自然对流沸腾临界热流密度进行了研究,考察了管径,管长,倾斜角和工质对临界热流密度的影响。实验条件是:管内径从0.9mm到8mm;管长从100mm到400mm;倾斜角从90°到30°。实验工质使用了水和R-11两种液体。本研究中考虑倾斜角对重力的影响,对作者过去提出的用于预示垂直加热管内自然对流沸腾临界热流密度的半理论半经验式进行了修正,修正后的公式能较好的预示本实验结果。      

APC—2／AS4预浸料带热芯缠绕的显微特征

通过对ＡＰＣ－２／ＡＳ４热塑性预浸带缠绕过程的研究，分析了缠绕管件的断面显微特征，认为热塑性预浸带热芯缠绕成形过程中，形成孔隙的主要原因是层间的不良浸渍而非基体的降解。提高缠绕张力和树脂含量有利于孔隙的消除，但又对制件中树脂的均匀性及外表面尺寸稳定性有影响。     

六管吸气式脉冲爆震发动机试验

设计了单管内径为68mm的六管吸气式脉冲爆震发动机试验系统,以汽油为燃料,空气为氧化剂,成功地进行了多循环爆震试验.结果表明:六管均能形成多次可重复的爆震波;各管之间的相互影响小;共同工作的同步性好;长时间工作起爆稳定.研究结果对多管脉冲爆震发动机的工程应用具有较大的参考价值.      

歼击机水平尾翼大轴的优化设计

为了研究歼击机水平尾翼大轴的结构设计,本文采用工程梁理论进行结构建模,将尺寸变量与坐标变量作为两个设计空间中的设计变量,其中,利用近似函数与黄金分割法相结合进行尺寸优化,再使用Nelder-M ead单纯形方法进行几何优化,分别进行交替优化,直至迭代收敛。实际算例的优化结果表明,与传统的经验设计相比,本方法对大轴结构减重效果明显,在工程上是可行的。     

脉冲爆震发动机的蒸发助爆器试验

为使φ180 mm的燃用汽油的气动阀式脉冲爆震发动机成功起爆,设计了几种型式的蒸发助爆器以提高燃油的蒸发率,通过蒸发助爆器内产生爆震波来触发大管内的爆震波。进行了不同蒸发助爆器管内径(φ13mm,φ16 mm,φ29 mm)的试验比较,φ29 mm的蒸发助爆器内装螺旋型钝体与不装螺旋型钝体的试验比较,以及φ29 mm和φ37 mm都装螺旋型钝体的蒸发助爆器试验比较,分析了不同管径及不同结构蒸发助爆器对爆震波产生的影响及机理,及对爆震波压力、推力的影响。结果表明,采用多管形蒸发助爆器可以使PDE成功起爆。在同样堵塞比下,在蒸发助爆器的小管内加螺旋型钝体并增加螺旋形钝体钢丝直径,减小小管壁厚,对降低推力损失有利。      

飞机导管数字化生产线探讨

介绍了国内外飞机导管制造技术的现状。参考国外飞机导管数字化生产的先进经验,结合国内实际情况,提出了实现导管数字化生产线总体设想方案。在导管CATIA数据转换、智能工艺性审查、三维弯曲仿真、数控弯管、组合夹具设计与制造、导管数控测量、系统集成等方面提出了切实可行的实施途径。     

Modern microwave power sources

The primary advantages of electron tubes over solid-state devices are that they are usually more efficient and will operate at higher temperature. Therefore, they can be smaller, tighter and still dissipate the waste heat that, unavoidably, goes along with the production of high output power. It is no accident that a one-megawatt cw microwave tube (1340 horsepower) is about the same size as a 1250 horsepower internal combustion engine. An assemblage of transistors or integrated circuits would be a much larger maze of circuit boards, power busses, cables, combiners, fuses, heat sinks, and, probably, water pipes. Unlike the situation that pertains for signal and data processing in which Moore's law applies, and complexity and performance increase while size and cost decrease in secular fashion, the transmitter built one hundred years from now will be no smaller and no lighter than the one you build today, unless the active elements are more efficient or run hotter than present-day microwave tubes. At ultra-high frequencies and above, solid-state technology has little hope of providing either advantage. The laws of thermodynamics are not man-made and cannot be broken. Many signals, including both analog and digital TV, digital communications, and EW, have high ratios of peak to average power. The poor efficiency of some microwave solid-state devices in class-A or class-AB operation when compared to that of class-AB gridded electron tubes and TWTs with multistage depressed collectors has interfered with their acceptance as amplifiers of such signals in both commercial and military service at UHF and higher frequencies. In this paper, new data on the new kinds of microwave tubes will be presented with emphasis on their suitability for application in economical, high-reliability, high-performance satellites, and communications, electronic warfare, and radar systems     

叶尖间隙控制系统供气部件特性及模拟方法

针对低压涡轮叶尖间隙控制系统中典型供气管路,即圆形截面90°弯曲冷却管,开展其工作特性和模拟方法研究.通过1∶1单管模型试验结合三维数值模拟方法,研究了冷却管上冲击孔的出流特性,分析了进气参数、冲击孔排布对冷却管内气体流动及流量分配的影响规律.在此基础上,提出了基于冲击孔进口有效总压概念的冷却管一维网络流动计算模型,建立了低压涡轮叶尖间隙系统中典型供气管路的一维网络流动计算方法,并应用于某型发动机组件流量特性试验设计中.研究中发现,随着远离进口位置,冷却管冲击孔出流流量和冲击孔流量系数逐步增加;随着进口雷诺数的增加,冷却管内冲击孔出流流量均有所增加,而冲击孔流量系数基本保持不变.试验数据和计算结果比对表明,所建立的一维网络流动计算模型可以准确模拟出冷却管的出流特性,计算结果同组件流量特性试验数据之间最大相对误差为4.5%,在叶尖间隙控制系统这类系统复杂流路的流动问题分析中具有良好的应用效果.      

Deformation Behavior of Medium-strength TA18 High-pressure Tubes During NC Bending with Different Bending Radii

To improve the forming quality and forming limit of the numerical control (NC) bending of high-pressure titanium alloy tubes, in this study, using three-dimensional (3D) finite element method, deformation behavior of medium-strength TA18 high-pressure tubes during NC bending with different bending radii is investigated. The results show that the cross-sectional deformation and the wall thickness variation during NC bending of TA18 tubes using a small bending radius (less than 2 times of tube outside diameter) are clearly different from that using a normal bending radius (between 2 and 4 times of tube outside diameter). For bending with a normal bending radius, with or without a mandrel, the distribution of the flattening in the bending area resembles a platform and an asymmetric parabola, respectively. For bending with a small bending radius, with or without a mandrel, the flattening both distributes like a parabola, but the former has a stable peak which deflects toward the initial bending section, and the latter has a more pronounced peak with a bending angle and deflects slightly toward the bending section. The wall thickness variations with a normal bending radius, with and without a mandrel, both resemble a platform when the bending angle exceeds a certain angle. For the bending with a small radius, the distribution of the wall thickness variation without a mandrel follows an approximate parabola which increases in value as the bending angle increases. If a mandrel is used, the thickening ratio increases from the initial bending section to the bending section.     

无缝钢管近净下料新工艺及实验研究

针对管材的近净下料问题,给出一种基于疲劳断裂机理的新型近净下料工艺。完成了近净下料机和控制系统的实验平台搭建,利用径向循环偏心加载和管材表面缺口的应力集中效应,通过变频调速改变下料模具加载速度,控制在不同下料阶段对管材的加载频率,实现管材的疲劳断裂,完成近净下料。实验结果表明,该近净下料方法切实可行,能满足工业生产中中小直径厚壁管的下料要求。     

Carbon-Epoxy圆管件的静态吸能特征

Carbon/Epoxy复合材料可以用作理想的吸能材料。为了考察材料体系对结构吸能性能的影响,对一系列Carbon/Epoxy圆管件进行了静态吸能性能试验。试验结果表明,在基体种类相同的条件下,结构的压溃失效模式有很大的区别。材料的吸能性能不仅同材料性能关系密切,而且也受材料纤维方式影响。     

Aviation Radio [A century of powered flight 1903-2003]

The following topics are dealt with: electron tubes; World War I efforts; post WWI radio advances; airmail; antenna developments; weather; and WWII and after.