带冷罩的自旋弹头在液氮消耗时的姿态模型

研究了带液氮冷屏蔽罩(冷罩)的自旋弹头在自由飞行段中,冷罩多孔介质层内液氮不断消耗时弹头姿态的变化规律.针对工程上无法利用数值计算直接研究多孔介质中液氮消耗对弹头姿态运动影响的问题,以均相模型分析多孔介质层内气液混合物的运动规律,建立了均相介质在离心力作用下的渗流运动方程.对此方程进行无量纲化,分析了均相介质的运动规律,得到了变质量弹头的姿态动力学模型.通过分析与仿真发现,自旋角速度随冷罩内液氮消耗而不断增大,非自旋方向角速度不为零时,其运动频率不断增大,且会产生运动阻尼,但频率变化很小,运动阻尼量级也极小,工程中可忽略冷罩中液氮消耗对非自旋方向的影响.     

热毛细效应对细丝薄膜流动不稳定性的影响

根据重力与热毛细力耦合作用薄膜在细丝上的流动情况,采用长波近似推导了界面的演化方程.通过色散关系分析热毛细作用对Rayleigh-Plateau稳定性的影响;通过时空模式的稳定性分析,研究了系统的绝对对流不稳定性特性;通过直接数值模拟,研究了薄膜破裂和绝对对流稳定性的关系.      

毛细泵回路蒸发器的数值研究

文章针对毛细泵回路(CPL)蒸发器内的多孔芯结构, 建立了描述换热和流动的非稳态数值模型。该模型采用焓模型来处理多孔介质内工质的相变问题, 通过分区计算既避免了采用耗时复杂的自适应网格技术又能方便地跟踪汽液界面, 为处理多孔介质中的毛细力带来方便; 在处理流动问题时, 通过对源项的处理考虑了毛细抽力的作用, 体现了毛细抽力是CPL的动力源, 从给定的算例来分析, 该数值模型较好地反映了毛细芯的工作特性。     

生物皮肤传质的研究

针对皮肤各层结构主要由细胞和细胞间液构成的特点提出了可行的3层多孔介质物理模型,根据不同层的具体特点建立了相应的浓度和能量数学方程.利用浓度方程对模型进行了浓度分析求解,和编程计算了在不同灌流率、传质系数和各层厚度下对浓度的影响.与传质系数实验所得结果相比较,结果一致.      

液体不完全起旋时充液陀螺稳定性研究

一些旋转充液系统,尽管理论上满足固化液体系统的陀螺稳定性条件,并且也不在章动与液体惯性波的共振区域内,但是在实验时系统却出现运动不稳定.这一现象无法由SWM(Stewartson-Wedemeyer-Murphy)线性理论解释,致使在工程设计中很难避开不稳定的参数区域.本文采用数值方法分析了液体未完全起旋对高速旋转充液陀螺稳定性的影响,并应用Lyapunov-Rumjantsev 部分变量稳定性理论,得出了液体不完全起旋时,充液陀螺稳定性条件.      

环形液池热毛细对流的线性稳定性研究

对外壁加热的环形液池热毛细对流进行了线性稳定性分析.采用Chebyshev配点法对Pr=6.8、内外径之比为0.5、深宽比A范围为0.25～1.4的数值结果进行分析,发现流动的临界状态均为振荡形式,并且随着A的增大,临界雷诺数减小,相应的临界波数与振荡频率也呈减小趋势.能量分析结果表明,小扰动与基本流相互作用项较小,表面张力在径向做功与周向做功对小扰动的动能变化起主导作用.观察三者与液池深宽比的关系,发现A=0.8时表面张力在径向做功项达到极小值,周向做功项以及小扰动与基本流相互作用项达到极大值.      

桨根柔性无铰旋翼桨叶气弹稳定性建模分析

建立了任意剖面无铰旋翼桨叶气弹稳定性分析模型,分析了复合材料柔性梁对无铰旋翼桨叶气弹稳定性的影响.将旋翼桨叶简化为二维截面特性线性分析和一维梁非线性分析,二维特性分析考虑了面内和面外翘曲,一维分析采用中等变形梁理论,考虑了剪切变形和与扭转相关的翘曲.采用准定常气动力,运用有限元理论,得出了无铰旋翼桨叶稳定性分析的有限元列式.研究了柔性梁不同铺层方式对气动弹性稳定性的影响.算例表明复合材料柔性梁铺层角对旋翼桨叶气动弹性稳定性影响明显,充分地利用这些影响变化规律,能够设计出更为先进的复合材料悬翼桨叶.      

轴向通流旋转盘腔内流动不稳定性研究

为了研究旋转腔内流动不稳定性问题,采用旋转坐标系稳态方程,用数值模拟的方法分析了轴向通流旋转盘腔内的流动,得到了旋转系下哥氏力和离心浮升力分别对流动不稳定的作用,以及这两个力的非线性综合作用对流动不稳定的影响.结果表明:哥氏力是恢复力,不影响流动稳定性;离心浮升力是造成流动不稳定的主要因素,盘腔内的流动是离心力场下的Rayleigh-Benard对流和强迫对流的混合流,随着浮升力的增强流动由稳态发展为非稳态;哥氏力与离心浮升力的综合作用加剧了流动不稳定性,盘腔内r-θ面出现了明显的旋向相反的对涡.     

Effect of gravity on coupled convective and interfacial instabilities during directional solidification

We investigate the role of gravity in a linear stability analysis of the onset of coupled convective and morphological instabilities during directional solidification at constant velocity of a dilute alloy of tin in lead. For solidification vertically upwards, the temperature gradient alone would cause a negative density gradient and the solute gradient alone would cause a positive density gradient. Two types of instability are found, a convective type that occurs for long wavelengths and a morphological type that occurs for short wavelengths. In general, these are coupled but the morphological instabilities are practically independent of gravity and thus correspond to the predictions of previous morphological stability theory in which density changes and convection are neglected. The convective instabilities depend strongly on gravity; for a growth velocity of V = 1 μm/s and a temperature gradient in the liquid of G_L = 200 K/cm, the critical concentrations for convective instabilities are 3.1 × 10^?4, 3.1 × 10^?2 and 2.39 wt. % for g_e = 980 cm/s², 10^?4 g_e and 10^?6 g_e, respectively. For low velocities, the convective instabilities occur at much lower solute concentrations than the morphological instabilities whereas at high velocities, the reverse is true. At intermediate velocities where the changeover takes place, there are oscillitory instabilities of mixed character whose periods range from 60 s at g_e to 6 × 10⁴ s at 10^?6 g_e.     

A capillary-driven root module for plant growth in microgravity.

A new capillary-driven root module design for growing plants in microgravity was developed which requires minimal external control. Unlike existing systems, the water supply to the capillary-driven system is passive and relies on root uptake and media properties to develop driving gradients which operate a suction-induced flow control valve. A collapsible reservoir supplies water to the porous membrane which functions to maintain hydraulic continuity. Sheet and tubular membranes consisting of nylon, polyester and sintered porous stainless steel were tested. While finer pore sized membranes allow greater range of operation, they also reduce liquid flux thereby constraining system efficiency. Membrane selection should consider both the maximum anticipated liquid uptake rate and maximum operating matric head (suction) of the system. Matching growth media water retention characteristics to the porous membrane characteristics is essential for supplying adequate liquid flux and gas exchange. A minimum of 10% air-filled porosity (AFP) was necessary for adequate aeration. The capillary-driven module maintained hydraulic continuity and proper gas exchange rates for more than 80 days in a plant growth experiment.     

Water movement on the convex surfaces of porous media under microgravity

A plant growth system for crop production under microgravity is part of a life supporting system designed for long-duration space missions. A plant growth in soil in space requires the understanding of water movement in soil void spaces under microgravity. Under 1G-force condition, on earth, water movement in porous media is driven by gradients of matric and gravitational potentials. Under microgravity condition, water movement in porous media is supposed to be driven only by a matric potential gradient, but it is still not well understood. We hypothesized that under microgravity water in void spaces of porous media hardly moved comparing in void spaces without obstacles because the concave surfaces of the porous media hindered water movement. The objective of this study was to investigate water movement on the convex surfaces of porous media under microgravity. We conducted parabolic flight experiments that provided 20–25?s of microgravity at the top of a parabolic flight. We observed water movement in void spaces in soil-like porous media made by glass beads and glass spheres (round-bottomed glass flasks) in the different conditions of water injection under microgravity. Without water injection, water did not move much in neither glass beads nor glass spheres. When water was injected during microgravity, water accumulated in contacts between the particles, and the water made thick fluid films on the particles surface. When the water injection was stopped under microgravity, water was held in the contacts between the particles. This study showed that water did not move upward in the void spaces with or without the water injection. In addition, our results suggested that the difficulty of water movement on the convex (i.e. particle surfaces) might result in slower water move in porous media under microgravity than at 1G-force.     

Kink-like mode of a double gradient instability in a compressible plasma current sheet

A linear MHD instability of the electric current sheet, characterized by a small normal magnetic field component, varying along the sheet, is investigated. The tangential magnetic field component is modeled by a hyperbolic function, describing Harris-like variations of the field across the sheet. For this problem, which is formulated in a 3D domain, the conventional compressible ideal MHD equations are applied. By assuming Fourier harmonics along the electric current, the linearized 3D equations are reduced to 2D ones. A finite difference numerical scheme is applied to examine the time evolution of small initial perturbations of the plasma parameters. This work is an extended numerical study of the so called “double gradient instability”, – a possible candidate for the explanation of flapping oscillations in the magnetotail current sheet, which has been analyzed previously in the framework of a simplified analytical approach for an incompressible plasma. The dispersion curve is obtained for the kink-like mode of the instability. It is shown that this curve demonstrates a quantitative agreement with the previous analytical result. The development of the instability is investigated also for various enhanced values of the normal magnetic field component. It is found that the characteristic values of the growth rate of the instability shows a linear dependence on the square root of the parameter, which scales uniformly the normal component of the magnetic field in the current sheet.     

Local stability analysis of interface region of astrophysical viscous shear flows with a gradual velocity gradient

In this paper, we extend the stability analysis of cold sharp shear flows to warm astrophysical cases with, inevitable, gradual velocity gradient in the interface region in the presence of viscosity effect. Using linear perturbation theory as well as the local approximation method, the instability growth rate of the excited electromagnetic modes has been investigated for the relativistic and non-relativistic cases of solar wind interacting with interstellar plasma medium. Results show that astrophysical shear systems with a small velocity gradient in the transition region are more stable rather than larger ones. Moreover, dependent on the viscosity coefficient value, the viscosity effects could have a positive role on the instability growth rate of the system in some range of initial bulk velocity, while it plays a destructive role in other velocity ranges.     

微重力环境下蒸发液层热毛细对流的数值模拟

提出了一种新模型来研究由单一物质构成的液层在其纯蒸气中的蒸发.液层置于微重力环境中并且受到水平方向温度梯度的作用,液层的热毛细对流和蒸发耦合在一起,使得气液界面的传热传质规律更加复杂.用理论分析的方法求解了不考虑热毛细效应的纯蒸发模型,得出温度场分布和界面质量流量的解析表达式.对于热毛细对流和蒸发耦合情况,采用有限差分的投影算法同时求解Navier-Stokes方程和能量方程,得到了不同蒸发Biot数和Marangoni数下流场和温度场的稳态数值解.论述了蒸发Biot数和Marangoni数对界面传热传质的影响,提出并解释了蒸发和热毛细对流耦合的三种模式.      

火星探测的微波遥感技术

从微波遥感的角度出发,综述目前国际上对火星的探测现状,列出对微波遥感探测有影响的火星表层土壤、岩层的结构、分布及其介电特性等参数的已有研究结果,分析对火星地壳表层水(或冰)存在可能性及其分布状态的研究动向.结合地球表面微波遥感技术的最新进展,提出用主动与被动微波遥感探测火星表面浅层土壤物质状态和分层结构的可行性分析,初步研讨了火星表层是否有水(或冰)存在的探测方案.      

毛细芯蒸发器启动和运行特性

通过对毛细芯蒸发器(相当于环路热管在没有连接蒸气管路的情况)进行试验研究,巧妙地避开了工质循环和冷凝器等带来的影响,专注于研究毛细芯孔隙率和热源功率对蒸发器启动和运行特性的影响。结果表明:在某些条件下,毛细芯蒸发器启动时温度会出现剧烈的波动;毛细芯孔隙率越大,产生温度波动所对应的热源功率越小;毛细芯相同时,热源功率越大,越容易出现温度波动,并且温度波动的程度越剧烈。温度波动的原因是毛细芯孔隙率与热源功率等外部参数不匹配。