大型圆柱壳体与法兰对接环缝焊接变形的数值分析

用数值方法及相似分析法研究了大型圆柱壳体与法兰对接环缝引起的焊接变形。研究结果表明：圆柱形壳体与法兰对接环缝将引起壳体的径向变形及法兰平面度的变化；当不考虑角变形时，采用纵向收缩力模型对圆柱形壳体与法兰对接环缝进行有限元分析的结果与相似分析相吻合，且与实际焊接结果一致。     

运载火箭贮箱筒段环缝焊接应力变形数值模拟

以5 m直径大型运载火箭贮箱筒段为研究对象,对该筒段进行了环缝焊接过程的有限元模拟,得到了焊接过程的温度场分布情况以及简化工装约束条件下焊接后和约束卸载后的应力变形情况.结果表明,筒段的整体变形以径向变形为主;焊后最大应力出现在焊缝,最大应力429 MPa,由于应变强化而高于屈服强度;焊缝处的应力除外表面轴向应力为压应力,其他皆为拉应力.     

金属内衬纤维增强复合材料筒体设计

研究了金属内衬纤维增强复合材料筒体的设计方法,推导出了环向及螺旋加环向纤维缠绕的金属内衬筒体计算公式。以算例表明,该方法在保证壳体爆破强度前提下,达到了壳体减重和增加刚度的效果。本研究以固体火箭发动机壳体设计为背景,可以延伸用于一般压力容器。     

液体发动机涡轮泵端面密封长期贮存变形研究

为分析长期贮存条件下液体火箭发动机涡轮泵端面密封变形问题,采用有限元分析软件对其静环组件过盈配合过程中的变形及长期贮存中的蠕变进行了分析计算,考虑静环座与石墨环间摩擦不均匀及二者为椭圆等因素对变形的影响,估算得到最大变形量引起的介质泄漏率。研究表明:长期贮存条件下,石墨环端面沿圆周方向会出现马鞍形变形,径向为内高外低,石墨环变形会引起较大的介质泄漏率,长期贮存条件下的石墨环变形会对液体发动机安全使用构成隐患。     

液体火箭发动机缓冲式高压阀门关闭特性的流固耦合仿真研究

针对大推力液体火箭发动机阀门密封副结构易受冲击、寿命较短的问题，本文设计了一款缓冲式高压阀门，并对其关闭特性开展了流固耦合仿真研究。本文的仿真工作采用了基于任意拉格朗日欧拉法（Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian,ALE）的动网格技术，研究了阀门结构对缓冲效果的影响，获得了阀门关闭过程的动态流场特性与阀瓣运动特性。结果表明，相对无缓冲阀门，缓冲结构可使阀门动量增量绝对值减小25.14%，从而有效解决高压阀门关闭过程中产生的水击压力峰过大及对主阀座产生过强冲击问题，缓冲效果受最小环缝间隙与壳体间隙影响较大；最小环缝间隙与壳体间隙越小，缓冲效果越好；壳体间隙较小时，阀瓣主要表面压力更小，更有利于保护阀门部件与管路系统。     

贮箱筒段焊接装配内撑变形有限元分析

本文基于运载火箭贮箱筒段内撑工装撑出方式,通过有限元法,对筒段内撑变形进行数值模拟,研究筒段在内撑工装不同撑出量的作用下,其相应应力应变状态、径向变形,获得内撑工装撑出量与径向变形关系。     

法兰环缝局部真空电子束焊机的研制

对所研制的法兰环缝局部真空电子束焊机作了简要介绍，对焊机的微机控制系统和电子 枪极坐标行走的控制、二次电子焊缝对中、焊接轨迹的示教再现、真空系统和焊接工艺的微机控制等关键技术作了较为详细的阐述。通过焊接工艺试验，用法兰环缝局部真空电子束焊机焊接出了成形良好、焊缝内部质量符合GJB1718－93Ⅰ级标准的铝合金法兰环缝典型工艺件。     

汽车消声器筒体及其制造设备

主要介绍了单层纵缝焊接筒体，单层纵缝咬边筒体和缠绕式点焊筒体等３种类型的汽车消声器筒体的结构及其制造设备的原理，结构，性能与特点。     

半开口状薄壁环体焊接变形控制技术

文章以焊接变形导致壳体装卸困难为背景,通过分析壳体的结构和焊接变形特点,以焊接变形数据为基础,运用反变形焊接原理,反复调试,获得了一整套半开口状薄壁环体焊接变形控制技术,成功解决了薄壁大孔壳体的窄间隙配合装卸难题。     

成果简介

１　特型喷管扩散段模具加工工艺大型火箭发动机特型喷管扩散段模具为焊接结构件。焊缝总长６０余米，焊层总长４００余米，焊缝稠密，相邻焊缝间距仅９０ｍｍ～１００ｍｍ。焊接坡口平均深１８ｍｍ～２０ｍｍ，极易形成焊接热聚集，焊接收缩量大，变形倾向大。必须采取工艺措施控制焊接变形，使所有焊缝在焊接热循环中产生对等对称收缩，减少收缩量。为此采用：对称定位焊法；小线能量焊法；严格控制第一、二层焊接收缩量；采用相邻两环缝对称１８０°起始焊法；采用两层间环缝起始焊接位置间隔９０°焊法；单道单层焊法。为保证精度要求，…     

固体火箭发动机喷管座和壳体接头组合结构的优化设计

本文采用准则法和数学规划法相结合的方法成功地解决了固体火箭发动机喷管座和壳体接头组合结构的优化设计问题,为减轻结构质量,为寻求喷管座最佳型面和尺寸提供了有价值的方法和结论。以现有某结构为例,经过优化设计,质量降低 16.35%,明显地提高了发动机质量比。      

Analysis of nonlinear deformation and stability of reinforced elliptic cylindrical shells under bending with internal pressure

A finite element statement of solving problems on stability of reinforced elliptic cylindrical shells taking into account momentness and nonlinearity of their subcritical stress strain state is presented. The explicit expressions for displacements of noncircular cylindrical shell elements as rigid bodies are determined by integrating the equations obtained by equating the components of linear strains to zero. These expressions were used to construct the form functions for an efficient quadrilateral finite element of natural curvature. An efficient numerical algorithm of nonlinear deformation and stability of shells was developed. The stability of reinforced elliptic cylindrical shells under combined loading by bending moment, transverse boundary force and internal pressure is analyzed. We also examine how the critical loads are affected by the strain nonlinearity and ellipticity of shell deformation at the subcritical stage.     

航空发动机机匣电子束焊接变形模拟分析与优化

为了对焊接变形进行预测与控制,建立了焊接接头的弹塑性有限元模型,并对电子束热源模型进行了校核,获得了接头焊接位置的塑性应变区域大小;建立了风扇叶片机匣3D壳单元有限元模型,并采用固有应变法对机匣焊接变形进行了模拟计算,获取了焊接过程的变形分布,通过实测机匣变形量并与仿真结果进行对标,验证了模型的准确性;通过对风扇叶片机匣焊接顺序以及焊接熔池宽度等工艺参数的优化,获得了控制风扇叶片机匣焊后变形的最优方案。结果表明:模拟与实测的平均变形误差仅10.3%,基于固有应变法的中心面3D壳单元有限元模型适用于大型复杂薄壁件的电子束焊接变形预测,该方法已得到应用;风扇叶片机匣焊接熔池宽度的优化能够有效控制焊后变形,焊缝上熔池宽度降低为2.7 mm,焊后平均径向变形量降低30%,能够明显降低机匣径向收缩变形,焊接顺序的优化对变形控制效果较差。      

含孔复合材料圆柱壳冲击破坏试验与有限元分析

 为了揭示轴向压缩载荷与径向冲击载荷共同作用下复合材料壳体开孔处裂纹的产生机理,开展了含圆孔复合材料圆柱壳冲击试验,并对冲击试验进行了有限元仿真分析。提出复杂冲击载荷作用下的动态响应分析方法,运用LS-DYNA对冲击载荷作用下含圆孔复合材料圆柱壳动态响应过程进行了模拟,采用含刚度退化的Chang-Chang失效准则预测复合材料圆柱壳破坏过程,得到的冲击加速度响应曲线及破坏区域与试验结果一致,验证了本文方法的正确性。对有限元模型进行动力学及静力学破坏分析,结果表明,径向冲击引起的环向拉应力是圆孔边缘破坏区域90°铺层纤维断裂与基体开裂的主要原因,而拉应力只引起0°铺层基体开裂。由破坏起始分析可知,将复合材料圆柱壳90°铺层含量由20%提高至50%,可使结构承载能力增加56%。     

Analysis of the effect of stiffener profile on buckling strength in composite isogrid stiffened shell under axial loading

In this paper, the buckling behavior of thin-walled GFRP cylindrical shells with triangular lattice patterned reinforcements formed by helical and circumferential ribs under axial force is analyzed. In this analysis, various models of composite isogrid stiffened cylindrical shells with outer diameter of 150 millimeters, shell thickness of 0.5 millimeters and height of 280 millimeters, stiffened with 6 helical and 2 circumferential ribs and all with the same material properties of shell and ribs are used. Ribs have constant section areas but different shapes and cross section profiles. The effects of these differences on buckling strengths of structures under axial load are studied. For analysis and modeling of structures, Finite Element Analysis method and ANSYS software were used. The results (elastic buckling load) for each model were derived and based on these results, ratio of buckling strengths to weight parameters were calculated for each model and were compared to results obtained from other models. The effect of profile of the ribs on the buckling of shells under axial loading can be concluded from the results. Results showed that stiffening the shells increased the buckling load from 10% up to 36% while decreased the buckling load to weight ratio to 42% up to 52% of an unstiffened shell.     

Nonlinear deformation and stability of supported oval cylindrical shells under torsion and bending with internal pressure

A problem of geometrically nonlinear deformation and stability of supported cylindrical shells with the oval cross-section contour is solved by the finite element method. The nonlinear deformation and stability of shells under combined loading by bending, torsion moments, transverse force and internal pressure are analyzed. The critical loads and buckling modes of shells are determined. The influence of deformation nonlinearity and shell ovality on critical loads is clarified.     

Nonlinear deformation and stability of discretely reinforced elliptical cylindrical shells under transverse bending and internal pressure

A finite element formulation of solving the stability problems for the discretely reinforced noncircular cylindrical shells is presented taking into account that their subcritical stress strain state is instantaneous and nonlinear. The author-developed finite elements for a natural-curved shell and the beam elements of reinforcements are used. A numerical algorithm to study the nonlinear deformation and stability of shells was developed. The stability of a stringer-stiffened cylindrical shell with an elliptical cross-sectional contour under transverse bending and internal pressure is examined. We also investigate the effect of internal pressure, ellipticity and nonlinearity of deformation, as well as of reinforcement discreteness and heterogeneity.     

Analysis of nonlinear deformation and stability of oval cylindrical shells under combined loading by bending and torsion moments

A problem of geometrically nonlinear deformation and stability of cylindrical shells with noncircular cross-section contour is solved by the finite element method. The nonlinear system of algebraic equations to determine the nodal unknowns of finite elements is obtained with the use of the variational Lagrange principle. The system is solved by the method of successive loadings with the use of the Newton-Kantorovich method of linearization, the method of solving linear Craut’s equations and Sylvestor’s stability criterion. The nonlinear deformation and stability of shells with the oval and elliptical cross-sections under combined loading by bending and torsion moments are analyzed. The critical loads and buckling modes of shells are determined. The influence of deformation nonlinearity, shell ovality and ellipticity on the critical loads is clarified.     

有缺陷圆柱壳振型进动的研究

谐振陀螺是一种不存在高速转子和活动支承的新型陀螺仪。其敏感部件是一个轴对称壳谐振子,圆柱壳便是其中一种。本文建立了圆柱壳在旋转情况下的动力学方程。研究了有缺陷的圆柱壳谐振子振型的进动情况;分析了其环向振型进动因子的相对扰动和绝对扰动;给出了圆柱壳谐振子环向缺陷对其振型进动特性的影响规律及实际加工,选择谐振子的准则。这些对于设计谐振陀螺有指导意义。     

基于场强法的平板法兰角焊缝接头的疲劳寿命估算方法

焊接接头疲劳损伤具有局部性特征.基于应力场强法的基本思想,通过对角焊接接头的场径分析,通过对法兰角焊缝接头应力集中区的弹塑性有限元计算和应力场强数值求解,得到了接头焊趾区局部应力场强.在此基础上,根据光滑试件的S-N曲线,最终得到了法兰角焊缝接头的疲劳寿命的一个估算值.该结果与局部应力应变法相比,疲劳寿命预测精度有较大提高,与试验结果吻合良好.