网络中心战对导弹关键技术发展的影响

＂网络中心战＂是未来信息化作战的发展趋势。首先介绍了＂网络中心战＂的基本概念及其作战结构模式,在此基础上,主要以美国海军在网络中心战中使用的导弹武器为例,阐述了网络中心战对于导弹关键技术的影响,可为今后导弹关键技术的发展提供参考。     

网络电磁空间作战情报保障效能评估指标体系构建

为全面评价网络电磁空间作战情报保障的效能,提出将网络电磁空间作战情报保障效能评估指标体系划分为三层结构,并进一步研究各层次的效能指标,最终形成完整的效能评估指标体系.     

海军作战天基通信智能支援模式构想

正海洋在国家战略中具有重要地位,我国海军担负着抵御海上威胁、保障海上安全、维护海上领土主权和保护海洋资源等作战任务。目前,我军海上作战部队缺乏基础通信设施,存在跨域可靠通信保障困难、情报信息难以及时高效回传等困难。通信卫星具有覆盖全球、地面设施依赖程度小、灵活性强的优点。天基卫星通信网可满足我军在跨域环境中对命令、语音、数据、视频、互联网接入和远程指控等业务的通信保障需求,提升海军作战的"懂天、用天"能力。本文对国内外通信卫星的发展进行了梳理与分析,总结了卫星通信在海军作战中所发挥的作用,提出了天地协同的"云+端+边"一体化卫星通信系统设想,构建了海军作战中卫星通信智能支援的若干模式,为我国海军作战模式的发展提供参考。     

基于作战环和联合信息熵的体系作战效能评估方法

针对信息化条件下体系作战效能评估难的问题,首先借鉴作战环的建模思想将各作战要素抽象为节点,要素之间的关系抽象为信息链路边和对抗行动边,构建作战网络模型;然后基于信息熵量化节点和信息链路边的不确定性,基于联合熵量化对抗行动边的不确定性,在此基础上给出了体系作战效能评估的具体流程;最后以战斗机突防作战体系为例进行分析,验证了提出方法的可行性和合理性。     

美军天基通用数据链及发展

现代战争的作战样式已经发展到由指挥控制系统、侦察监视系统、联合火力打击系统等各种系统构成的作战体系的对抗.而这种体系对抗的胜负是取决于所有参战武器装备所构成的体系的整体作战效能.这就在客观上要求不同的武器系统之间实现互联、互通和互操作,各种资源被充分共享.通过数据链,可以将众多复杂的武器平台以及指挥控制平台有机地连为一体,实现战场态势共享,缩短决策时间,提高指挥控制速度及协同作战能力,发挥体系的整体作战效能.天基通用数据链(Space CDL)作为美军“作战响应空间”(ORS)计划下重点发展的关键技术之一,成功验证了成像侦察卫星的战术应用能力,并将成为美军构建多源战场情报体系的重要手段.     

空天一体作战C4I系统效能研究

根据空天一体作战指挥控制系统结构特点,建立了关于C4I系统的结构模型和指挥控制系统的逻辑模型,分析了该模型对未来空天作战的影响.在建立的网络结构模型的基础上,建立了编队攻击网络机构模型.运用梅特卡夫定律和组合数学相结合建立评估编队能力指数的评价标准.该算法与实际作战相结合,能较好地量化作战编队的作战效能.     

分布式网络雷达抗ARM摧毁可行性分析

为了解决雷达生存能力问题,提出了建立分布式网络雷达的设想,从降低ARM作战效能出发,研究和论证了分布式网络雷达体制抗ARM摧毁的可行性.该方案有利于雷达网的稳定,可提高雷达生存能力.     

电子装备作战效能评估

论述了开展电子装备作战效能评估的意义、作战效能评估的基本概念和评估方法,提出了电子装备作战效能评估系统的主要构成有典型作战试验环境、评估指标体系、评估准则体系和试验系统,并对如何开展作战效能评估提出了一个基本思路。     

卫星导航系统作战效能评估

定义了卫星导航系统的作战效能,分析了卫星导航系统作战效能的特点,根据卫星导航系统在现代战争中的主要作战任务,建立了其作战效能的评估指标体系,讨论了基于领域专家知识的性能指标度量方法.     

概率有限状态机在动态效能评估中的应用

为了反映作战过程中实时战场变化对武器作战效能的影响，本文对武器作战动态效能评估(DEE)方法进行研究，提出一种基于概率有限状态机(PFSM)的动态效能评估方法。利用该方法对武器作战过程进行动态效能评估的同时，能够快速准确地分析影响武器作战效能的关键因素，为作战方案决策及武器研发提供依据。该方法考虑了武器装备、战场环境、作战方案及作战目标这四个战场信息空间对武器效能的影响，能够根据实时战场信息输出动态效能变化曲线。本文以反舰导弹为例，对其进行动态效能评估，结果表明,本文所提出的方法能够动态评估不同战场信息对效能的影响，并快速找到影响其效能的关键因素，从而为作战方案优化提供参考。     

Development Study on ATREX Engine

This is the status report of the development study on ATREX engine (Air Turbo Ramjet) that is now under way in the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) cooperation with the Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Industries (IHI), the Kawasaki Heavy Industries (KHI), the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI). ATREX engine will be applied for the propulsion system of fly-back booster of TSTO space plane. ATREX is the combined cycle (a fan-boosted ramjet) engine providing the effective thrust from sea level static to flight Mach number 6. ATREX is worked on the expander cycle with precooling the incoming air as shown in Fig. 1. ATREX employs the tip turbine configuration which allows the compactness and the light weight of turbo machinery and the variable geometry airintake and plugnozzle which allow the wide range operation conditions.From 1990 to 1992, “ ATREX-500“ has been tested at the sea level static conditions. ATREX-500 is the 1/4-scale model of which fan inlet diameter is 300 mm and overall length 2,200 mm. From 1992 have been performed the wind tunnel tests on the primary components of ATREX, the axisymmetric variable geometry airintakes, the precoolers and the variable geometry plug nozzles. In parallel to the windtunnel tests, the ram combusters have been tested simulating the hypersonic flight conditions and the application studies on advanced carbon-carbon composite for the tip-turbine and fan assembly has been proceeded.In 1994 initiated the flight test plan in which ATREX will be verified in the practical flight conditions by using an unmanned flying test bench.In 1995 will be tested ATREX-500 installing the precooler under the sea level static conditions to examine the engine performance and the icing on the precooler.The present paper addresses the high loading ram combuster experiment using the mixer with skewed lobes to generate swirl flow and the analytical studies and the designs on the precooler and the precooled ATREX engine and the flight test plan.     

防空导弹网络化作战研究

介绍了防空导弹网络化作战的发展与现状,在详细阐述防空导弹网络化作战系统体系结构设计的基本思路和设计原则的基础上,按照网络中心战的概念,研究了由跟踪制导网、指挥控制网和拦截兵器网组成的防空导弹网络化作战C^4ISR系统体系结构。     

The first "space" vegetables have been grown in the "SVET" greenhouse using controlled environmental conditions

The paper describes the "SVET" project--a new generation of space greenhouse with small dimensions. Through the use of a minicomputer, "SVET" is fully capable of automatically operating and controlling environmental systems for higher plant growth. A number of preliminary studies have shown the radish and cabbage to be potentially important crops for CELSS (Closed Environmental Life Support System). The "SVET" space greenhouse was mounted on the "CRYSTAL" technological module docked to the Mir orbital space station on 10 June 1990. Soviet cosmonauts Balandin and Solovyov started the first experiments with the greenhouse on 15 June 1990. Preliminary results of seed cultivation over an initial 54-day period in "SVET" are presented. Morphometrical characteristics of plants brought back to Earth are given. Alteration in plant characteristics, such as growth and developmental changes, or morphological contents were noted. A crop of radish plants was harvested under microgravity conditions. Characteristics of plant environmental control parameters and an estimation of functional properties of control and regulation systems of the "SVET" greenhouse in space flight as received via telemetry data is reported.     

Long-term operation of "Orlan" space suits in the "Mir" orbiting station: experience obtained and its application

The started assembly of the International Space Station (ISS) and its further operation will call for a great number of extravehicular activity sorties (EVA) to be performed by ISS crews. Therefore, of great importance is to make use of the EVA experience gained by cosmonauts in the process of 15-year operation of the Mir orbiting station (OS). Over the 15-year period, Mir crewmembers wearing Orlan type semi-rigid space suits have accumulated 158 man/sorties from the orbiting station. Crewmembers used 15 suits in orbit and some of the suits were in operation for more than 3 years. The paper presents principal design features, which provide effective and safe operation of orbit-based suits, and briefly describes procedures for preparation and maintenance of suit systems, which ensure long-term operation of space suit in orbit. The paper gives results of the space suit modifications, presents suit performance characteristics and lists novel or upgraded components of the space suit and its systems. The paper also summarizes improvements in the Orlan type suits described in some earlier publications. They refer, in the first run, to the improvement of space suit operations characteristics and reliability, and the utilization of the Orlan type space suit in the ISS program. The paper analyses the experience gained and drawbacks detected and observations made, and gives statistical data on long-term space suit operations aboard the Mir station. The paper reviews certain problems in the process of EVAs performed from the station, and describes the ways of their solution as applied to the further utilization of the suit within the ISS program.     

Estimation of dynamic characteristics of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">International Space Station</Emphasis> from measurements of microaccelerations

We describe the results of determining the mass of the International Space Station using the data of MAMS accelerometer taken during correction of the station orbit on August 20, 2004. The correction was made by approach and attitude control engines (ACE) of the Progress transporting spacecraft. The engines were preliminary calibrated in an autonomous flight using the onboard device for measuring apparent velocity increment. The method of calibration is described and its results are presented. The error in station mass determination is about 1%. The same data of MAMS and similar data obtained during the orbit correction on August 26, 2004 were used for the analysis of high-frequency vibrations of the station mainframe caused by operation of the ACE of Progress. Natural frequencies of the ACE are determined. They lie in the frequency band 0.024–0.11 Hz. ACE operation is demonstrated to result in a substantial increase of microaccelerations onboard the station in the frequency range 0–1 Hz. The frequencies are indicated at which disturbances increase by more than an order of magnitude. The study described was carried out as a part of the Tensor technological experiment.     

带移动负载海上浮筒系统运动响应特性初步研究

将某类海上自动作业系统简化为带移动负载的浮筒系统,其中负载简化为外径为180mm、约50kg重的柱型体,浮筒为外径533mm的圆筒;初步设计了浮筒系统的主参数。在此基础上,采用频域数值模拟计算,获得了浮筒自由状态下的固有周期和运动响应传递函数(RAO);再采用时域模拟方法,预报了3级海况下(JONSWAP谱)浮筒系统整体的运动响应特性,给出了运动响应幅值、最小干舷高度等特性参数,可为相关装备设计提供技术参考和借鉴。     

Results of space experiment program "Interferon"

The results of the biological space experiment "Interferon" performed by two international cosmonaut teams (26 May 1980, and 16 May 1981) aboard space laboratory Solyut-6 are reported: (1) Human lymphocytes separated from blood of healthy donors and placed into "Interferon I" equipment could be kept for 7 days in suspension culture under spaceflight conditions. Interferon production could be induced in human lymphocytes by preparations of different origin: virus, synthetic polyribonucleotides, bacterial protein and plant pigment. An increased lymphocyte interferon production in space laboratory compared to ground control was observed. (2) Human interferon preparations and interferon inducers placed in space laboratory at room temperature for 7 days maintained their biological activity. (3) A decrease of induced interferon production and natural killer activity of lymphocytes isolated from peripheral blood of cosmonauts was observed on the 1st day on Earth after 7-days spaceflight.     

俄罗斯“火星—96”探测器

该文主要叙述俄罗斯“火星—96”探测器的飞行过程,着陆器在火星上的着陆过程以及穿透器的工作情况。     

基于Sentinel-1卫星的北冰洋海冰信息提取

为研究北极海冰分布、形态特征的变化规律,基于Sentinel-1卫星的SAR数据,对弗雷姆海峡区域的海冰进行长时间序列的提取及变化分析。对试验影像预处理,利用K-均值聚类算法提取海冰。基于浮冰面积大小,将浮冰进行分类,研究各参数与海冰破碎物理过程的关系,海冰分布以密集度体现,海冰的形态特征以面积、周长、圆度等参数描述。结果表明:利用高分辨率SAR数据,能获取精细的海冰分布信息,将其与传统的海冰密集度产品结合,可构造信息更丰富的多尺度冰情图,为极地海冰监测提供支持,对维护北极航道安全、分析北冰洋海冰气候效应等有重要意义。     

贯彻“三个代表”促进高校德育工作

“三个代表”是我党的立党之本、执政之基、力量之源,以“三个代表”重要思想为指导改进高校德育工作,是高校面临的重要任务。我们必须在认清高校德育工作现状的基础上,充分认识“三个代表”思想的重要地位,促进高校德育工作的开展。