J2摄动作用下近地轨道卫星编队构形长期演化机理分析

研究近地轨道卫星编队构形在引力摄动作用下的长期演化机理。把用转移矩阵法得出的相对运动分析解表达成一般轨道根数形式，为研究摄动影响而进一步表达成无奇点轨道根数形式；根据各轨道根数的J2摄动解分别研究编队构形在轨道坐标系三个方向上的振幅与相位的长期变化情况，揭示了构形引力摄动的长期演化机理；给出编队构形的摄动表达式，并以仿真实例验证其可信性；最后给出构形长期引力摄动的相关结论，并对编队构形设计提出建议，这将为研究编队构形的规划技术带来方便。     

Perturbation effect of the Coulomb drag on the orbital elements of the earth satellite moving in the ionosphere

The perturbation effects of the Coulomb drag on the orbital elements of the earth satellite moving in the ionosphere are studied. The theoretical results show that the Coulomb drag results in both the secular and periodic variation in the semi-major axis and eccentricity. However, the argument of the perigee exhibits no secular variation, but only periodic variation. The inclination and the ascending node remain no variation. As an example, the secular effects of the Coulomb drag on the semi-major axis and the eccentricity of an ionosphere satellite Alouette (S-27) are calculated in the ionosphere with the mean height 1000 km. It can be shown that the semi-major axis contracts and the eccentricity decreases for the case of the Coulomb drag under the interaction of the ions with the electric field of an earth satellite.     

Orbital corrections by a single-input impulsive control applied along the geomagnetic field

This paper examines the possibility of regular orbital corrections for a satellite controlled by an impulsive force applied along the induction vector of the local geomagnetic field. The main purpose of the correcting considered in the paper is to eliminate the drift in secular variation of the relative orbital parameters over the orbital period. The obtained results are applied to the formation flying problem. The developed method is tested using numerical simulation.     

Orbital corrections by a single-input impulsive control applied along the geomagnetic field

This paper examines the possibility of regular orbital corrections for a satellite controlled by an impulsive force applied along the induction vector of the local geomagnetic field. The main purpose of the correcting considered in the paper is to eliminate the drift in secular variation of the relative orbital parameters over the orbital period. The obtained results are applied to the formation flying problem. The developed method is tested using numerical simulation.     

考虑地球扁率的大椭圆轨道编队飞行优化设计

大椭圆轨道上卫星编队的相对运动特性及其所受摄动力的影响给编队轨道设计者提出了新的挑战.本文总结了大椭圆轨道卫星编队的五种基本形式,利用数值积分法计算了主星轨道倾角、近地点角和平近点角初值对地球扁率作用下基本编队形式相对位置极值点漂移量的影响规律.结合零J2项摄动条件,提出基于主星平近点角初值的J2项编队相对轨道优化设计方法,进而获得瞬时根数描述的编队初始条件.仿真算例表明：优化设计结果可以明显降低大椭圆轨道编队卫星的相对漂移量,与平根数描述的编队初始条件的设计结果相比,相对距离极大值点的漂移量降低约81.8681%,验证了基于主星平近点角初值的大椭圆轨道编队优化设计方法的可行性.     

三轴稳定通信卫星在地球搜索模式下的陀螺标定

本文介绍三轴稳定通信卫星在转移轨道远地点点火前，在地球搜索模式下的陀螺标定方法和计算公式。此种陀螺标定需进行两次姿态机动，利用太阳敏感器和速率积分陀螺遥测数据标定陀螺的常值漂移。     

Rapid rotations of a satellite with a cavity filled with viscous fluid under the action of moments of gravity and light pressure forces

Rapid rotational motion of a dynamically asymmetric satellite relative to the center of mass is studied. The satellite has a cavity filled with viscous fluid at low Reynolds numbers, and it moves under the action of moments of gravity and light pressure forces. Orbital motions with an arbitrary eccentricity are supposed to be specified. The system, obtained after averaging over the Euler-Poinsot motion and applying the modified averaging method, is analyzed. The numerical analysis in the general case is performed, and the analytical study in the axial rotation vicinity is carried out. The motion in the specific case of a dynamically symmetric satellite is considered.     

编队飞行小卫星相对姿态控制研究

以四元数作为定位参数对编队飞行小卫星进行相对姿态控制。首先给出了以误差四元数作为反馈量 ,基于参考卫星的相对姿态控制律 ,其次 ,研究了由若干颗相同卫星组成的编队卫星 ,在卫星姿态达到指定的方位时 ,相互之间也要满足一定要求的相对姿态控制律。最后进行了仿真计算 ,说明了两种相对姿态控制的有效性和可行性     

地球磁场对带电赤道卫星的轨道半长轴和偏心率的摄动影响

本文利用摄动理论研究了带电的赤道卫星在地球磁场中做椭圆轨道运动时地磁摄动力对轨道半长径和偏心率的摄动影响。研究结果表明：地磁场对带电赤道卫星的轨道半长径没有摄动影响，既无周期摄动，也无长期摄动，但对轨道偏心率有摄动影响，且只有周期性摄动，而无长期摄动。当卫星自身带电量较大时，这种摄动影响必须予以考虑     

GPS历书数据的有效龄期

历书数据的有效性是决定接收机启动状态进而影响首次定位时间的重要因素之一。对不同龄期的历书数据在估计卫星仰角、信号传播时延、多普勒频率偏移和GDOP值时引入的误差进行测试和分析,提出了截止角递增选星法,将GPS历书数据的有效龄期从一个月延长至一年,为接收机启动时充分利用GPS历书数据,辅助卫星信号的快速捕获提供有力的依据。     

摄动椭圆参考轨道的相对运动状态转移方程

当面质比不同的主从卫星在近地轨道上作编队飞行时,大气阻力摄动和J2项摄动就成为影响编队队形的两个最主要的因素,这样描述相对运动的状态转移方程必须考虑这两项摄动。该文利用相对轨道要素法推导了包含J2项摄动和大气阻力摄动参考轨道为椭圆的卫星编队相对运动较精确的状态转移方程。当主从卫星的面质比相等时大气阻力摄动对卫星编队队形的影响很小而可以忽略,这样上面的状态转移方程可以化为更简单的形式。仿真结果表明该状态转移方程能较精确的预测编队飞行的相对运动。     

近赤道卫星绕飞编队的运动学分析及轨道设计研究

首先对一般运动学方法在进行近赤道卫星编队相对运动分析和轨道设计时存在的问题进行了分析 ;其次介绍了一种基于零倾角轨道变换的运动学新方法 ,用其对近赤道卫星编队中参考卫星轨道倾角对环绕卫星轨道根数的影响进行了研究 ;最后对零倾角卫星编队相对运动方程的线性化误差进行了理论分析 ,并利用数值仿真对两种运动学方法的相对运动方程线性化误差进行了比较分析。数值仿真的结果表明 :由基于零倾角轨道变换运动学方法得到的相对运动方程的线性化误差不随参考卫星轨道倾角改变 ,而由一般运动学得到的相对运动方程的线性化误差随着卫星编队接近赤道而呈非线性增大。     

速率积分陀螺的数学模型和常值漂移的在轨标定

介绍了东方红三号卫星的速率积分陀螺的基本工作原理和性能指标, 描述了速率积分陀螺的数学模型。分析了东方红三号卫星陀螺在轨飞行四十天中的常值漂移标定和补偿的结果, 证明了BICE生产的速率积分陀螺的可用性和两种标定方法的正确性     

Feasibility of using statellites in non-equatorial 24-hour circular orbits for communications

The early sixties witnessed the debate among competing candidate orbits that led to the emergence of perfect geostationary systems as virtually the sole “instruments” for satellite communication. The subsequent problem of overcrowding of geostationary ring on one hand and explosive growth in demand on communication capacity on the other led comsat experts to focus on the alternate routes through various near-earth and medium attitude satellite constellations later proposed for uninterrupted communication. However, the opportunities thrown up by quasi-stationary orbits for augmentation of the space communication capacity have gone abegging. This paper attempts to draw attention of communication satellite designers/planners to the immense potential for utilization of the non-equatorial, 24-hour circular orbits for communication. For the proposed quasi-stationary orbits, the change and/or control of the inclination of the plane is not envisaged in the launch and/or operational phase. The resulting significant payload weight advantage is associated with the problem of periodic as well as secular apparent angular satellite drift relative to the ground terminal. However, the problem may be largely overcome through controlled satellite tilting using solar radiation pressure or through the use of tethered auxiliary mass attachment. Alternatively, it may be possible to overcome the attitude control problem by the use of systems such as on-bard electronically steerable phased array antenna capable of following the line-of-sight to the co-operative ground station.     

Closed form perturbation solution of a fast rotating triaxial satellite under gravity-gradient torque

The attitude dynamics of a fast rotating triaxial satellite under gravity-gradient is revisited. The essentially unique reduction of the Euler-Poinsot Hamiltonian, which can be performed in different sets of variables, provides a suitable set of canonical variables that expedites the perturbation approach. Two canonical transformations reduce the perturbed problem to its secular terms. The secular Hamiltonian and the transformation equations of the averaging are computed in closed form of the triaxiality coefficient, thus being valid for any triaxial body. The solution depends on Jacobi elliptic functions and integrals, and applies to non-resonant rotations under the assumption that the rotation rate is much higher than the orbital or precessional motion.     

星钟和星历误差分离的广域差分新方法

针对WAAS等传统的广域差分方法存在DOP值太大和要求基准站时 间严格同步等问题,提出了星钟和星历误差相对分离的广域差分新方法。提出的相对分离理 论包括以所有卫星的广播星历为基准的星钟误差的相对分离,以各卫星星钟误差相对分离结 果为基准的相对星历误差分离和固定偏差的星钟二次修正三部分,其可简单归纳为星钟-星 历-星钟的修正思路。这种方法除无需基准站同步外,用户定位比WAAS准。理论论证和算例 仿真证明这种理论是科学的,对建设各种卫星导航系统的差分增强系统均是适用的。     

基于T-H方程的卫星轨迹模型参考输出跟踪控制方法

当目标卫星沿椭圆轨道运行时,描述追踪星与目标星相对运动的线性化方程为T-H方程。将描述航天器相对运动的T-H方程变换为周期系统的状态空间形式,并给出卫星轨迹跟踪控制问题的数学描述。基于周期系统的参量Lyapunov方法和模型参考跟踪控制理论,提出了卫星轨迹跟踪控制器的设计方法。利用该方法设计了带有收敛速率保障的反馈镇定控制器和具有自由参数的前馈控制器。对追踪星相对目标星悬停任务进行了数值仿真,仿真结果表明提出的控制方案是有效的。     

捷联惯导系统中陀螺的初始测漂

本文介绍捷联惯导系统中多个陀螺初始常值漂移的测定和补偿。所谓“常值漂移”是指固定不变的漂移和一部分在各次启动时都不相同的并随时间缓慢变化的“随机常值”。本文采用“双位置(测漂)法”可以测出两个角速度陀螺沿载体系X_b,y_b和z_b测量轴的常值漂移。经过仿真证明,这一方法是完全可行的。     

采用单目视觉的非合作目标星状态估计

针对微小卫星逼近观测未知的空间翻滚非合作目标星任务，提出一种基于单目视觉的目标星相对状态估计方法。在建立追踪星/目标星相对运动模型的基础上，以单目相机识别并测量获得的目标星固有特征的像素位置为观测输入，通过扩展卡尔曼滤波算法实现对目标星相对位置、相对速度、相对姿态、角速度、惯量比和特征位置等状态的估计。仿真结果表明,该方法能够很好地实现对未知非合作目标星的相对状态估计，姿态估计误差小于2°，位置估计误差小于0.1 m，特征点位置平均估计误差小于0.04 m。     

面向空间近距离操作的机械臂与服务卫星协同控制

针对航天器在轨服务任务中涉及的空间近距离操作需求,提出一种机械臂与服务卫星协同控制方法。首先建立了机械臂和服务卫星组合体动力学模型以及服务卫星和目标卫星相对位姿耦合动力学模型。然后采用全局终端滑模控制设计了机械臂轨迹跟踪控制方法,采用PD控制设计了服务卫星相对位姿耦合控制方法,并将机械臂反作用力和力矩作为前馈补偿叠加到服务卫星控制系统中,实现了两者的协同控制。最后通过数值仿真验证了控制方法的有效性。仿真结果表明,该方法能够满足空间近距离操作任务对机械臂和服务卫星的控制精度、稳定性和误差收敛时间的要求,具有工程实用性。