平底圆筒底部垂直撞水的实验及数值计算

实验采用 4种不同厚度底板的圆筒模型。以不同下落高度撞水,测量底板径向压力分布和应变响应。数值计算中联立求解底板弹性动力响应方程和流场方程。实验和数值分析表明底板的初始几何缺陷和弹性变形对冲击压力具有较大影响     

动压气体止推轴承间隙气动热及流动特性分析

以波箔型动压气体止推轴承为研究对象,建立变截面气膜间隙润滑模型,研究了有无黏性耗散时动压气体止推轴承间隙压力场及温度场分布,获得几何参数以及转速对轴承间隙气膜压力和温度的影响规律。结果表明：考虑黏性耗散时,在收敛段末端和平直段外缘形成高温区;无黏性耗散时,轴承气膜高温区位于收敛间隙末端;轴承气膜温升随转速线性增加;考虑黏性耗散时,气膜温升随楔形因子的增加而减小,无黏性耗散热时则与之相反;气膜厚度越大,温升越小,厚度对轴承气膜温度分布无影响。本文参数范围内,黏性耗散产生的温升占比达90%。该研究证实了黏性耗散对动压气体止推轴承热流动物理机制有重要的影响,可为动压气体轴承设计和高效运行提供理论基础。     

用于篦齿封严装置的阻尼套筒减振性能研究

在篦齿封严装置减振的开口阻尼环设计方法的基础上,对比研究了阻尼套筒的设计方法.采用动柔度法求解了安装有阻尼套筒的篦齿封严装置的动力响应.分析了阻尼套筒结构尺寸(厚度、接触面积)和安装过盈量等参数对篦齿封严装置动力响应的影响规律;在篦齿封严装置和阻尼套筒的组合结构中,存在最佳的阻尼套筒结构参数,此时阻尼套筒减振效果最佳;对组合结构不同的周波型振动,阻尼套筒的减振效果不同.      

燃烧室头部部件几何特性对温度场的影响

对常温常压下燃烧室头部各部件（一级涡流器、二级涡流器、套筒、喷嘴型式等）的几何特性对燃烧室内各主要截面温度场的影响进行了试验研究，并将其中两种典型头部组合进行了轴向温度场变化试验，得出由A型一级涡流器、A型二级涡流器与A型头部套筒组合时，有较理想的燃烧室内及出口的温度分布。     

冲击粗糙壁面复合冷却实验研究

对有初始横流的冲击粗糙壁面复合冷却技术进行了实验研究。由以往研究可知,影响换热效果的因素很多,主要可分为流动参数和几何参数。本文主要通过实验以了解各种流动参数、几何参数对换热特性的影响规律,并对其结构设计提出有价值的参考意见。      

带有阻尼环(套筒)的篦齿封严装置动力响应特性实验

以带有开口阻尼环(套筒)的悬臂柱壳为对象,进行了悬臂柱壳/阻尼环(套筒)组合结构动力响应特性实验研究,并将实验结果与理论结果进行了对比,以验证理论分析的正确性.通过实验研究了阻尼环的安装位置、阻尼套筒的厚度、宽度、开口量和激振力等参数对组合结构动力响应特性的影响规律.阻尼环在悬臂柱壳上的安装位置对其减振效果有很大的影响;阻尼套筒通过"移频"和干摩擦阻尼作用,有效地降低了组合结构的振动峰值;当组合结构发生不同的周波型振动时,即使是相同的阻尼环(套筒),它的减振效果也是不同的.      

瓣高宽比对波瓣强迫混合排气系统性能影响

以某涡扇发动机波瓣强迫混合排气系统为研究对象,在波瓣数以及波瓣长度不变的情况下,分别固定波瓣宽度改变波瓣高度和固定波瓣高度改变波瓣宽度,得到了一系列不同波瓣高宽比的几何模型,并对其进行了三维数值模拟研究,获得了不同高宽比对波瓣混合器流场、热混合效率和总压恢复系数的影响规律.结果表明:在混合器出口处,当高宽比在2~5范围内变化时,热混合效率在波瓣宽度和高度分别不变时,随高宽比的增加,分别呈现出不断增大以及不断减小的趋势;当宽度不变时,总压恢复系数随高宽比的增大而减小,当高度不变时,总压恢复系数随高宽比的增大而增大.      

Mini-TED跨声速气动特性及其增升机理

通过求解二维可压Navier-Stokes方程,研究了NACA0012翼型加装微型后缘增升装置（mini-TED）后的跨声速流场特性,与Gurney flap （GF）对比分析了几何参数对mini-TED后方涡系及翼型气动特性的影响.将mini-TED的几何细节参数定义为弦向长度和有效高度,两者方向正交.在相同迎角下仅改变mini-TED的弦向长度,后缘涡系结构虽发生变化,但翼型气动力几乎没有影响;反之仅改变有效高度则后缘涡系和翼型气动力系数同时发生明显改变,且与同等高度下的GF气动系数相近.结果表明：有效高度是影响翼型气动特性的决定因素.有效高度改变了mini-TED后涡系的发生范围,而相对于整个翼型绕流,后缘涡系的大小是影响翼型流场最重要的因素,而涡系的微观结构和形态的改变影响相对很小.加装mini-TED后上表面激波位置后移、下表面激波强度削弱,从而翼型表面压力分布特性发生了改变.随有效高度增大,mini-TED诱导的涡系发生区域随之增大,引流作用增强,翼型升力系数、阻力系数和低头力矩系数提高,同时相同迎角下翼型的升阻比明显提高.     

燃气轮机间冷器结构改进试验研究

为了分析间冷器翅片高度、翅片厚度、隔板厚度等结构参数对换热性能的影响,根据船用间冷循环燃气轮机长期工作在海洋环境的性能要求及结构特点,初步设计了机上间冷器,并对其进行了试验验证。根据前期验证结果,对间冷器结构进行了迭代改进。结果表明:在一定范围内,翅片高度增加导致换热效率降低和总压恢复系数增大;翅片厚度增加,导致换热效率提高和总压恢复系数减小;隔板厚度增加导致换热效率降低。     

喷管温度场计算的加权余数有限元方法

喷管温度场计算是固体火箭发动机喷管设计中遇到的一个重要问题。利用差分法计算温度场已有很多文献报导,本文提供一个加权余数有限元法计算喷管的温度场,其突出的优点是能与热结构计算程序联用,组成热分析和热结构的统一程序,因为加权余数有限元与变分原理有限元在节点网格的划分,有限元几何参数的计算,变带宽的一维储存和代数方程组的求解都有相同之处。为了说明方法的精度和可靠性,本文给出了有限元计算与解析解的比较,有限元计算与地面试验结果的比较,这些比较表明:本文提供的方法是可靠的,可供     

Nickel-hydrogen multicell common pressure vessel batterydevelopment update

Flight qualification of the multicell common pressure vessel (CPV) nickel-hydrogen (Ni-H₂) battery is discussed. The battery has completed full flight qualification, including random vibration at 19.5 g for two minutes in each axis, electrical characterization in a thermal vacuum chamber, and mass-spectroscopy vessel leak detection. A first launch is scheduled in 1992. Several design variations, ranging from 9 Ah to 125 Ah and 12 to 32 V, have been developed and prototypes fabricated. Designs for smaller capacity, smaller diameter (6.4-8.9 cm), and higher voltage (up to 100 V) are in progress. The CPV battery offers cost and weight savings of up to 30% as compared to traditional nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) and individual pressure vessel (IPV) Ni-H₂ batteries. The fully qualified design provided a 50% weight savings over its Nd-Cd predecessor for the same application. Its reduced volume also provides a significant advantage over IPV technology. Resistance data show a further advantage     

An equivalent ground thermal test method for single-phase fluid loop space radiator

Thermal vacuum test is widely used for the ground validation of spacecraft thermal control system. However, the conduction and convection can be simulated in normal ground pressure environment completely. By the employment of pumped fluid loops’ thermal control technology on spacecraft, conduction and convection become the main heat transfer behavior between radiator and inside cabin. As long as the heat transfer behavior between radiator and outer space can be equivalently simulated in normal pressure, the thermal vacuum test can be substituted by the normal ground pressure thermal test. In this paper, an equivalent normal pressure thermal test method for the spacecraft single-phase fluid loop radiator is proposed. The heat radiation between radiator and outer space has been equivalently simulated by combination of a group of refrigerators and thermal electrical cooler(TEC) array. By adjusting the heat rejection of each device, the relationship between heat flux and surface temperature of the radiator can be maintained. To verify this method,a validating system has been built up and the experiments have been carried out. The results indicate that the proposed equivalent ground thermal test method can simulate the heat rejection performance of radiator correctly and the temperature error between in-orbit theory value and experiment result of the radiator is less than 0.5 C, except for the equipment startup period. This provides a potential method for the thermal test of space systems especially for extra-large spacecraft which employs single-phase fluid loop radiator as thermal control approach.     

纤维缠绕压力容器的可靠性分析

文摘运用一次二阶距(FOSM)法,对纤维缠绕复合材料压力容器进行了可靠性分析,并与传统网格理论设计法进行了对比,讨论了纤维拉伸强度、爆破压力、压力容器半径、纤维缠绕层总厚度及缠绕角的变异系数对纤维强度发挥系数和压力容器壁厚的影响。结果表明:随着各设计参数变异系数的均匀增大,纤维强度发挥系数迅速减小,压力容器壁厚迅速增大;缠绕角度和纤维拉伸强度的变异系数对它们的影响最为显著。     

Aerospace and military battery applications

This paper gives a review of the papers presented at the IEEE 17th Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances, Long Beach, CA, USA, 2002. The topics covered are: Li batteries for satellites, capacity fade of Li-ion cells cycled at different temperatures, Ni-H/sub 2/ battery lifetime, batteries for Mars-exploring vehicles, Li-ion cell performance enhancement at low temperatures, navy service batteries, and US Army man portable applications and mobile power challenges.     

新型整星隔振平台的被动隔振性能及星箭耦合特性分析

针对卫星的隔振要求,提出一种新型半主动整星隔振平台,采用磁流变(MR)阻尼器作为半主动作动器。为增加平台的横向转动刚度,提出一种套筒式防摇结构。建立新型整星隔振系统的详细有限元(FE)模型,对隔振系统进行基础随机激励下的响应分析和隔振平台的振级落差分析,并建立星箭系统的详细有限元模型,分析星箭结合后对整星隔振性能的影响情况,以及加入新型隔振平台后对火箭动态特性的影响。结果表明:新型整星隔振平台具有优良的被动隔振性能;火箭的动态特性对新型隔振系统的性能有一定影响,但当火箭和隔振平台结合处的刚度较大时,影响较小;加入新型隔振平台后,在火箭点火时到一级分离时,火箭整体的动态特性无明显变化。     

PowerCore combining structure and batteries for increased energy toweight ratio

Much of the mass of a battery is comprised of nonreactive materials. In an NiH₂ battery, this includes the pressure vessel and 50% of the positive electrode. PowerCore reconfigures the battery materials to serve as a structural sandwich panel. The effective specific energy of the new device can exceed 100 Wh/kg. PowerCore is intended to handle power demands of low Earth orbiting communications satellites such as IRIDIUM. This paper describes the concept and development progress     

压力敏感涂料的标定及在气膜冷却效率测量中的应用

采用自行设计的标定装置对压力敏感涂料进行了标定实验,研究了激励光源光强、温度两种参数对标定曲线的影响.结果表明:当激励光源光强能够使得光敏分子发生氧猝熄条件下,激励光源光强对标定曲线的影响可以忽略不计;标定曲线对温度变化较为敏感.据此提出了采用二维插值方法得出发射光强关于压力比、温度比的表达式,从而对测量结果进行温度修正.在此基础上,将压力敏感涂料测试技术分别应用于圆柱孔、扇形孔气膜冷却效率的测量中,所得实验数据与前人结果符合较好.      

收口套筒主燃区流场的PIV测量

在常温常压下,采用PIV技术测量了旋流器套筒为收口套筒时单头部矩形燃烧室主燃区的流场,获得了主燃区速度场和涡量场的详细信息.试验结果表明收口套筒形成了小尺度回流区大角涡的主燃区流场结构;收口套筒对旋转气流的收缩作用可以很好的改善燃烧室内油气的混合.      

旋流杯套筒混合段长度对点火特性的影响

为研究旋流杯套筒过长的混合段长度对燃烧室点火特性的影响,设计了两种不同的套筒混合段长度试验件,在常温常压条件下,采用单头部模型燃烧室进行了起动点火性能试验,同时采用马尔文进行了燃油雾化颗粒度测量,并结合Fluent软件的数值模拟对结果进行分析.研究结果表明:套筒混合段长度对燃烧室头部流场和油雾分布有很大影响,过长的套筒混合段长度将造成液雾与套筒壁碰撞,限制旋转射流和液滴的径向运动,造成喷雾锥角减小了32%,贫油起动点火油气比增加了20%左右.      

Validation test of 125 Ah advanced design IPV nickel-hydrogenflight cells

An update of validation test results confirming the advanced design nickel-hydrogen cell is presented. An advanced 125 Ah individual pressure vessel (IPV) nickel-hydrogen cell was designed for storing and delivering energy for long-term, low-earth-orbit (LEO) spacecraft missions. The new features of this design are: the use of 26% rather than 31% potassium hydroxide (KOH) electrolyte; a patented catalyzed wall wick; serrated-edge separators to facilitate gaseous oxygen and hydrogen flow within the cell, while maintaining physical contact with the wall wick for electrolyte management; and a floating rather than a fixed stack to accommodate nickel electrode expansion. The resulting improvements include extended cycle life and enhanced thermal, electrolyte, and oxygen management; and accommodation of nickel electrode expansion. Six 125-Ah flight cells based on this design are in the process of being evaluated in a LEO cycle life test