高精度双星快速定向方法研究

采用转动基线的方法解决利用“北斗”卫星载波相位进行定向的关键技术问题——初始相位整周模糊度的确定,并进行了仿真实验,结果表明:当原始载波相位观测精度优于2％周时,利用2m基线在5min时间内可达到方位0.01°的定向精度.     

单星定向技术研究

提出了一种仅利用一颗地球静止轨道卫星完成定向的新方法,并利用北斗双星定位系统进行了定向试验.试验结果表明,对于0.827 m长基线,单星定向精度可达0.07°,从而说明利用一颗地球静止轨道卫星进行定向在原理上是正确的,方法是可行的.      

基于双GPS接收机的精密定向研究

GPS定位系统除了可以进行定位、测速和授时外 ,还可以利用两个或多个GPS测量值进行方位测量和三轴姿态测量。文章对利用两块GPSOEM板同步接收的载波相位观测量来精密测定方位进行了深入研究。首先利用载波相位的双差观测方程 ;再根据两个天线间距离已知这个条件 ,对方位和俯仰进行二维搜索 ,并采用了模糊度函数作为搜索的判断依据 ;最后根据最小二乘计算出两个天线的基线矢量 ,从而最终计算出精密的方位值和俯仰角。经过大量的试验表明 ,该算法是切实可行的 ,在 5m基线下 ,方位精度达到 0 0 8°,而且定向时间一般只需 1min左右     

一种新的惯导系统静基座快速初始对准方法

惯导系统中的一个十分重要的问题是其初始对准问题,提高其初始对准的速度和精度无论对军用或民用领域都具有十分重要的意义.由于惯导系统静基座对准时的可观测性很差,将卡尔曼滤波器用于解决惯导系统的初始对准问题时,方位失准角收敛很慢.提出一种快速估计方位失准角的方法,直接利用两水平失准角快速收敛的估计结果估计方位失准角,从而大大提高了整个惯导系统静基座对准的速度,计算机仿真结果验证了该方法的快速性和有效性.      

双星定姿技术试验研究

本文深入探讨了双星定姿方法,仅利用2颗GPS卫星进行了实际的双星定姿试验.文中综合应用长短基线法和序列优化法求解整周模糊度.试验结果表明,当基线长约1m时,该方法定姿成功率达90%以上,定姿均方差优于0.5°      

基于方位多假设的单基线干涉仪定位方法

为了解决机载单站无源定位系统中一维单基线干涉仪测量相位差信息的模糊问题,改进仅利用相位差变化率定位方法,将模糊相位差作为有效的定位参数,提出一种基于方位多假设的单基线干涉仪定位方法。利用模糊相位差和相位差变化率初始化辐射源目标的可能距离方位信息,并通过高斯-扩展卡尔曼滤波（GS-EKF）算法解算辐射源目标位置。所提方法克服了仅利用相位差变化率定位受观测平台机动影响的缺陷,有效缩短了定位时间,同时不必考虑解相位模糊,定位性能均优于仅利用相位差或相位差变化率的定位方法,在实际工程运用中可以降低设备复杂度和成本。      

短基线约束条件下的整周模糊度二维搜索算法

通过对基线仰角和方位角的搜索,在二次残差最小的条件下确定整周模糊度。建立了搜索模型,论述了搜索原理及其应用的具体过程,推导了粗搜索和精搜索的步长。通过试验与最小二乘降相关平差(Least-squares Ambiguity Decorrelation Adjustment,LAMBDA)算法进行分析比较,验证了新方法的正确性及可靠性,得到了1cm的基线精度,0.6°的仰角和0.4°的方位角精度,且算法简单,搜索效率高,适用于载体的姿态测量。     

基于多矢量定姿的动基座最优化对准算法

针对车载捷联惯导系统（Strapdown Inertial Navigation System, SINS）的传统动基座粗对准方法精度低且环境适应性差的问题,提出了一种基于多矢量定姿的动基座最优化粗对准算法。在传统的基于重力矢量的初始对准方法基础上,将姿态矩阵求解问题转化为Wahba问题,实现对多个时刻重力矢量信息的充分利用,并通过SVD算法实现对Wahba问题的求解,结合全球导航卫星系统（Global Navigation Satellite System, GNSS）输出信息和SINS输出信息,构建状态方程和量测方程,采用Sage-Husa自适应滤波算法以解决量测噪声不准确问题,不断修正载体系变换矩阵以获得更加精确的姿态转换矩阵。仿真和半物理实验表明,改进算法能够明显提高惯导系统在动基座下的姿态精度,转台实验对准方位误差小于0.05°。     

GPS实时定姿系统的设计与实现

以GPS OEM板为基本硬件,在自行研制GPS实时定姿软件的基础上,搭建了GPS实时定姿系统。该系统硬件结构简单,成本低廉。定姿软件解决了数据接收、解码、同步,模糊数快速计算,动态检校等关键技术。经多次静态、动态试验验证,系统运行稳定,动态跟踪性能良好。基线长度为1.2m时,定姿精度优于0.3°,可单独用于系统的导航,或作为系统导航设备的校准装置,具有很好的应用价值。     

神舟八号飞船交会对接CCD光学成像敏感器

介绍了CCD光学成像敏感器的功能和组成,以及低噪声视频电路、高速数据处理平台、抗杂光干扰算法、杂光干扰地面试验验证方法等关键技术,并给出了相关测试结果.实际飞行结果表明,CCD光学成像敏感器相机各项指标满足任务书要求,在最后的对接段最远测量距离达164m,位置测量精度优于2mm,滚动轴姿态测量精度优于0.03°,横轴姿态精度优于0.1°,位置和姿态测量精度超过了世界先进水平.     

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

基于最小值原理的冗余度机器人动力学控制

为了解冗余度机器人全局法优化中数值求解的困难,本文讨论了动力学方程的建立,无约束和有约束最优控制问题之间的内在联系,重点分析了求解最优控制问题的数值方法,文中提出了双向异步积分迭代的求解正则方程组的直接迭代法,较好解决了状态方程和协态方程稳定相逆给求解两点这值问题带来的困难。     

基于GPS载波相位的微卫星姿态算法研究

GPS姿态系统是利用GPS载波相位测量来确定载体的航向和姿态角。本文对微卫星的GPS姿态系统进行了研究。重点解决短基线的GPS状态算法，讨论了姿态价格函数的了小化方法。测试结果表明，所提的算法对小于1m的基线是有效的。