坚持持续安全理念 科学构建空管设备保障体系

在今年的全国空管工作会议上,苏兰根局长再一次阐述了空管系统“三横三纵”体系建设的重要性及“三横三纵”体系建设的目标、原则和思路,并强调指出在当前和今后一段时期,空管系统要牢固树立持续安全理念,以“三横三纵”体系建设为重点,以完善一体化建设为保障,建立符合航空运输发展需求的空中交通管理系统。苏局长关于“三横三纵”体系的论述,是全面落实科学发展观,保证空管持续安全、促进空管系统又好又快发展的重要指导思想,同时也是空管一体化后,在科学分析当前空管事业发展的阶段性特征和形势做出的创新性和前瞻性的战略决策。     

缓解管制员精神压力 创造空管安全氛围

民航事业的蓬勃发展,推动了空中交通管制工作的不断前进。对于空管系统保证安全的核心、直接负责飞行指挥的管制员队伍来说,也承担着更多的各种高强度、高应激性、高危险性工作,使得这一群体的压力异常巨大,直接危及着飞行安全。IATA(国际航空运输协会)的统计资料表明:80%以上的空难是人为差错造成的。心理学研究发现,80%的人为差错又是因为个人问题造成工作状态下降而导致的。因此,要保证空管安全就必须抓好管制员队伍建设,就必须抓好管制员心理健康的维护管理。近年来,我们认识到管制员心理素质的重要性,注意加强了对管制员的心理压力基…     

管制专业技术人才的梯级培养机制

古人讲“欲求木长者，必先固其本”，当前，我国的管制员不仅数量少，总体质量也不是很高，这与我国提出的20年内建立安全、经济、高效和管理、服务、保障一体化的现代化空中交通管理系统目标存在矛盾。因此，要想取得空管事业的长远发展，就必须高度重视人才培养，培养标准要迅速与国际接轨，适度超前发展和借用先进培养评估技术，培养和造就一批爱空管、懂空管、掌握和引导空管发展趋势的专业人才，不断提高空管队伍的整体素质，     

需求牵动 标准先行 创新发展

北京、上海、广州新区域管制中心建设工程是我国空管发展史上最大的空管建设工程项目，是适应面对新世纪我国民航事业飞速发展需要的重点工程。为了搞好工程和应用系统的建设，我们在工程的各个阶段和各个方面始终坚持了“需求牵动、标准先行、创新发展”的指导思想，使得工程和各个应用保障系统的建设得以顺利进行，也将使工程和系统为今后正常、可靠的运行创造良好的条件。     

空管安全文化建设之我见

安全文化建设是现代企业发展的产物，是行业文化建设的重要组成部分。我国的民航事业飞速发展，飞行流量日益加大，对空管安全文化建设与完善提出了迫切要求。因此，做好安全文化建设是事关行业安全的头等大事。那么，如何做好空管安全文化建设呢?笔者结合实际情况，谈一点个人看法，与同行共同探讨。     

浅析如何克服管制见习中的“瓶颈”问题

随着民航事业的不断发展，航班流量的不断增加，空管行业人员供需比就成为一个非常尖锐的问题，作为直接为机组提供管制服务的管制员，就显得尤为缺乏。为此，各空管中心（站）都采取各种形式培训和培养管制员，而见习则是每一个管制员都必须经历的，也是最为关键的一步，它是管制员由不成熟走向成熟的必经之路。     

空中交通管制的疲劳管理和预防

根据美国FAA的统计数据，大约有21％的航空器事故与疲劳有关：根据英国安全报告系统（CHIRP）的数据显示，13％的运行差错直接与管制员的疲劳有关；根据厦门空管安全报告系统数据显示，有18％的工作失误与管制员的疲劳有关。随着我国航班基数的不断增加，因管制员疲劳引发的空中交通不安全事件的数量也越来越明显。民航总局空管局和各级空管部门已将疲劳的管理和预防作为一项长期研究的重要课题。     

建设全数字化话音交换和信令的内话通信网络

民航内话通信系统是一个可以动态配置、灵活使用各种无线电台和电话资源的平台，让管制员在席位面板上选择这些资源，为管制员的管制移交协调工作和对空指挥提供了友好的人机界面。民航内话通信系统提供空管设施内管制员之间的通信，提供与其他空管设施管制员的通信，也提供管制员和飞行器之间的通信。     

心理健康与空管安全——怎样培养良好的心理健康

近年来,随着我国民航事业的蓬勃发展、蒸蒸日上,并随着空中交通流量的快速增长,空管系统面临越来越大的压力,在给空管带来了新的机遇、新的挑战的同时,也给空管提出了更高、更新的要求。空管工作由管制员直接担负,而管制员的管制行为则由意识产生,意识又来源于生理健康与心理健     

管制员的心理品质与空管安全

影响空管安全的因素有很多，其中空中交通管制员的心理品质是一个重要的因素。众所周知，空管不安全事件的调查结果显示，有一些就是因为管制员心理因素造成的，从管制员的心理角度来看，多数都与管制员的精力、判断、应急处置能力等有着密不可分的联系。实际上，由于空中交通管制员的心理品质不良而造成的飞行冲突、危险接近等管制差错的空管不安全事件已是屡见不鲜。因此，加强对管制员心理特点的研究，     

On the stability of the track of the space elevator

A string moving with geostationary angular velocity in its radial relative equilibrium configuration around the Earth, reaching from the surface of the Earth far beyond the geostationary height, could be used as track for an Earth to space elevator. This is an old dream of mankind, originating about 100 years ago in Russia. Besides the question of feasibility from a technological point of view also the question concerning the stability of such a configuration has not yet been completely solved. Under the assumption that a proper material (carbon nanotubes) is available, making the connection possible technologically, we address the question of existence and stability of the radial relative equilibrium of a tapered string on a circular geosynchronous trajectory around the Earth, reaching from the surface of the Earth far beyond the geostationary height.     

On the Possibility of the Existence of Volatile Compounds in the Region of the Scott Crater on the Moon

In this paper, we analyze the illumination conditions, the thermal regime, and the possibility of deposits of volatile compounds existing in the vicinity region (NSR S5 region) near the southern pole of the Moon. It has been found that there are no permanently shadowed zones near the Scott crater and the NSR S5 region, though the temperature conditions allow the of compounds such as CH₃OH, SO₂, NH₃, CO₂, H₂S, C₂H₄, and water to remain stable relative to evaporation for a long time (≥1 Gyr). It has been also shown that compounds like CO and CH₄ cannot stably exist in these regions.     

对老年人体育锻炼负荷量监控方法的探讨

通过对老年人体育锻炼活动的情况进行相关调查，发现目前老年人体育锻炼中存在一些误区。因此本文针对这些现实情况提出，应根据实际情况运用一些简单易行的方法来对老年人体育锻炼实施医务监督，达到提高老年人体育锻炼的科学性。     

Estimation of the current density and analysis of the geometry of the current system surrounding the Earth

The results of an investigation of the distribution of plasma pressure, pressure gradients, and magnetic field near the equatorial plane in the plasma ring surrounding the Earth under magneto-quiet conditions are presented. Observational data obtained during the international THEMIS mission are used. The picture of the distribution of transverse-current density near the equatorial plane was obtained under assumption of observing the magnetostatic balance condition at geocentric distances from 6 to 12R _E. In estimating the integral transverse current it was accepted that in daytime sector the magnetic-field minima on magnetic field lines are not localized in the equatorial plane. Estimates of the integral transverse current were obtained, which demonstrate the possibility of closing nighttime transverse currents at geocentric distances of up to ～12R _E inside the magnetosphere, which form a high-latitudinal continuation of the ring current.     

实施“三位一体”教育模式 提高学生的综合素质

本文介绍了“三位一体”教育模式的内容,描述亍我们实施该模式所采取的措施及取得的成效。实践表明,“三位一体”教育模式能够提高学生的综合素质,为学生毕业后的发展打下坚实基础,对教育模式的改革具有一定的指导意义。     

Estimating the accuracy of the technique of reconstructing the rotational motion of a satellite based on the measurements of its angular velocity and the magnetic field of the Earth

The paper has studied the accuracy of the technique that allows the rotational motion of the Earth artificial satellites (AES) to be reconstructed based on the data of onboard measurements of angular velocity vectors and the strength of the Earth magnetic field (EMF). The technique is based on kinematic equations of the rotational motion of a rigid body. Both types of measurement data collected over some time interval have been processed jointly. The angular velocity measurements have been approximated using convenient formulas, which are substituted into the kinematic differential equations for the quaternion that specifies the transition from the body-fixed coordinate system of a satellite to the inertial coordinate system. Thus obtained equations represent a kinematic model of the rotational motion of a satellite. The solution of these equations, which approximate real motion, has been found by the least-square method from the condition of best fitting between the data of measurements of the EMF strength vector and its calculated values. The accuracy of the technique has been estimated by processing the data obtained from the board of the service module of the International Space Station (ISS). The reconstruction of station motion using the aforementioned technique has been compared with the telemetry data on the actual motion of the station. The technique has allowed us to reconstruct the station motion in the orbital orientation mode with a maximum error less than 0.6° and the turns with a maximal error of less than 1.2°.     

Optimization of the trajectory of the spacecraft insertion into the system of heliocentric orbits

The possibility of the spacecraft insertion into the system of operational heliocentric orbits has been analyzed. It has been proposed to use a system of several operational heliocentric orbits. On each orbit, the spacecraft makes one or more revolutions around the Sun. These orbits are characterized by a relatively small perihelion radius and relatively high inclination, which allows one to investigate the polar regions of the Sun. The transition of the spacecraft from one orbit to another has been performed using an unpowered gravity assist maneuver near Venus and does not require the cruise propulsion operation. Each maneuver transfers the spacecraft into the sequence of operational heliocentric orbits. We have analyzed several systems of operational heliocentric orbits into which the spacecraft can be inserted by means of the considered transportation system with electric propulsion (EP). The mass of the spacecraft delivered to these systems of operational orbits has been estimated.     

从应变计现状看电阻式传感器的前景

电阻式传感器的核心部件——电阻应变计是目前最常用的应力分析的敏感元件。也常用于测量力、压力、扭矩和加速度等物理量。作者简要回顾了电阻应变计的发展历史，介绍了电阻应变计的结构、分类及现状，展望了电阻式传感器的前景。     

System of works on numerical modeling of the dynamics of the structure of the Space Radiotelescope in the RadioAstron project

The results of modeling the dynamics of the Space Radiotelescope are presented. The results of ground-based vibration-dynamic tests are used to validate the calculation models and estimate the damping levels. The dynamic distortions of the reflecting surface caused by the operation of the pointing mechanism of the high-gain antenna are estimated.     

复杂受载条件下固体火箭发动机壳体屈曲应力的估计

论文简略介绍了静力轴压下园柱壳屈曲应力的工程计算方法,对某固体火箭发动机壳体的复杂受载条件对壳体屈曲应力的影响进行了分析,并对该火箭发动机壳体屈曲应力如何估计提出了建议。