相控阵天线快速校准方法

相控阵天线的快速测量和校准一直是相控阵天线研究的热门问题。传统校准方法的测量速度较慢,不能满足大量工程需求的测量校准要求。针对实际工程应用需求,在对幅相求解算法研究的基础上,提出了一种基于幅度测量的快速校准方法--四相幅度校准法（FPC）。经理论分析,该方法的校准时间仅相当于采用6位数字移相器的旋转矢量法所花费校准时间的1/16。对四相幅度校准法、采用4位数字移相器的旋转矢量法和采用6位数字移相器的旋转矢量法的校准速度和校准精度做了对比试验,试验结果验证了四相幅度校准法的正确性和高效性。      

星载SAR亚马逊雨林辐射定标仿真研究

辐射定标是准确、定量描述星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)系统性能的重要手段.星载SAR在轨运行期间,天线方向图较之发射前可能存在较大的失真,从而严重影响所获取的SAR图像数据质量,因此准确测量在轨飞行时天线俯仰向方向图特性并予以补偿是星载SAR辐射定标的主要内容之一.利用具有均匀后向散射系数特性的分布目标进行外定标是测量双程俯仰向天线方向图的最佳方案,而亚马逊雨林是全球最稳定、最均匀、最平坦的分布目标,后向散射系数几乎不随入射角变化,是公认的理想测试场地.鉴于目前我国尚无自行采集的星载SAR图像数据,我们对星载SAR回波功率仿真、天线方向图模型参数估算进行了深入、系统的研究,利用仿真的亚马逊雨林SAR功率图像成功地实现了星载SAR俯仰向天线方向图在轨测试关键环节的模拟,对我国的星载SAR辐射定标研究具有一定的理论意义和重要的工程实用价值.     

微带双环五端口结设计

五端口结是六端口矢量反射计的核心部件 ,其结构直接影响到六端口反射计的测量特性 ,因此如何设计能使六端口反射计获得最佳测量特性的五端口结一直以来是人们所关注的焦点。在对微波网络相关原理及文献进行仔细分析与研究的基础上 ,提出了利用Microwaveoffice软件对微带五端口双环对称网络进行设计、仿真与优化的新方法 ,根据仿真结果加工出实际电路 ,对该电路进行测试 ,测试结果与仿真结果吻合 ,证明设计思想正确 ,其方法简单、灵活、高效。     

星载GPS观测数据的模拟研究

重点分析了星载GPS观测值模拟的原理、数学模型等,并用模拟软件模拟了CHAMP卫星的星载GPS观测值情况.结果表明,根据本文提供模拟方法所模拟的CHAMP星载GPS观测值,与实测值相比,无论是在大小还是观测噪声水平上都很接近,因此能满足不同层次人员对星载GPS模拟观测值的需要.     

OPC UA技术在智能校准系统中的应用

为提高手持式数字万用表检定系统的自动化程度,结合机器人、工业相机、传感器等具有一定智能技术的设备,研制手持万用表的全自动校准系统。针对系统基于LabVIEW构建的上位机和基于PLC技术构建的下位机之间如何实现安全、稳定的实时数据交互,提出基于创建共享变量的传统技术和基于OPC UA新一代通信技术的两种通讯方法。通过工程实现,充分验证了基于OPC UA技术的新方法实现LabVIEW和PLC通信的可行性,该方法具有开发周期短、稳定性高、响应性快、实时性强等优点,同时编程工作减少,代码更简洁美观,降低维护难度。     

Microwave specular scattering response of soil texture at X-band

Soil texture is an important soil parameter that is useful for meteorology, climatology, hydrology, ecology, etc. Therefore, it is important to classify soil based on soil texture (i.e., sand, silt and clay). A lot of studies with radar remote sensing have been carried out to estimate soil moisture and surface roughness, but less attention has been given to study the effect of individual soil texture on radar scattering, especially in specular direction. The main aim of this paper is to check the behavior of specular scattering with change in soil texture. This effect has also been analyzed in presence of soil moisture and surface roughness. Scattering coefficient has been retrieved for various soil texture fields with indigenously designed X-band bistatic scatterometer for a range of incidence angles (from 30° to 70° in steps of 10°) in both like polarizations, i.e., HH-polarization and VV-polarization. Observations were made at 10 GHz frequency. Four different fields were considered on the basis of soil texture variations; especially changes in sand percentage were made. Roughness (smooth soil to 1.4 cm rms surface height) and moisture (dry soil to 0.21 cm³ cm⁻³ volumetric soil moisture) conditions of these fields were varied for observations. Strong change in specular scattering coefficient is observed by changing the sand percentage in soil for HH-polarization, while in case of VV-polarization a lesser change is observed. Also a high change in specular scattering coefficient is noticed once moisture is added to the soil. It is difficult to observe the change in specular scattering coefficient with change in soil texture when surface is considered as rough. Therefore, it is important to minimize the roughness effect while observing the texture with specular scattering. For this purpose, polarization study was carried out to see how polarization can be helpful to minimize the roughness effect. The effect of soil texture on copolarization ratio is critically analyzed, and it is observed that for higher incidence angle (50°), the distinction in soil texture fields are clearly observable on the basis of copolarization ratio. This type of study will be helpful in near future to design the bistatic radar system for soil parameter monitoring, especially for cartwheel satellite system.     

激光目标模拟器功率现场校准装置

激光探测设备被广泛应用于精确瞄准、捕获、跟踪系统中,在其投入使用前,需要进行多次仿真测试。激光目标模拟器是激光探测设备仿真测试时使用的重要仿真设备,但是具有体积大、不易搬运的特点。本文设计了一种激光目标模拟器现场功率校准装置。该校准装置由光阑、聚焦光学系统、能量探测单元、时域探测单元、二维位移机构、微型转台和控制软件等组成。校准装置可现场对1.064μm、峰值功率范围(10^-5～10^-1)W的激光目标模拟器功率稳定性及均匀性进行准确、快速校准,功率稳定性及均匀性测量不确定度均小于8%（k=2）,从而为激光目标模拟器提供计量保障。     

深空探测器大口径天线指向在轨标定方案

基于深空探测器配备的大口径天线的指向精度要求,给出了一种深空探测器大口径天线在轨指向的标定方案,以解决深空探测器安装的大口径天线的在轨指向评价问题。通过对飞行器特点和约束条件的分析,结合\"嫦娥4号\"中继星天线的具体情况,采用星地协同工作的方法,给出了天线指向在轨标定的方案,并明确了标定的实施流程,最后对标定过程中的误差情况进行了分析。本方案可推广应用于其他深空探测器大口径天线指向标定方案的设计。     

多波段微波辐射计现场定标方法研究

海洋多频段微波辐射计（Oceanic Multiband Microwave Radiometer,OMMR）是一台五频段十通道微波辐射计. 作为中国HY-2卫星扫描微波辐射计定标和检验的现场测试设备,其不但要连续稳定运行一年,而且要在数据质量和精度等方面满足更高定标要求. 根据OMMR定标原理,对其在实验室和现场的测试结果进行研究,分析了OMMR在平台的工作情况并对数据质量进行评价.