组合体大迎角侧向气动特性研究

本文通过实验和理论分析，集中研究小展弦细长翼的翼身组合体的大迎角横向气动特性。研究表明，在大迎角定常非对称涡的范围内，由于翼身组合段对后柱体的边界层分离起遮蔽作用，大大削弱了非对称头涡在后柱体上诱导的侧力。实验证实，平置式翼身组合体的侧力要比单独体的侧力大；带两对弹翼的一般翼身组合体，它的侧力主要由前体以及弹翼组成，如果前体涡在弹翼上诱导的侧力与前体的侧力同向，则该侧力要比平置式布局“-О-”的侧力大得多。     

小展弦比弹翼和翼-身组合体大攻角气动特性的数值计算

大攻角时,绕尖前缘细长弹翼上的附面层从前缘分离而形成脱体涡,对于翼-身组合体,除了弹翼上产生脱体涡以外,在弹身背风面上的气流亦发生分离而形成脱体涡(如图1所示),在这些涡系的作用下,使弹翼或翼-身组合体的气动特性随攻角呈非线性变化。     

战术弹亚声速纵横向非线性气动力计算研究

基于势流方程,进一步发展了非线性涡格法,计算研究了“ＸＸ”布局战术弹的纵横向非线性气动性能;与实验数据比较表明,本法适用于Ｍ∞≤０．８,α∞≤１５°。由于该法只需要在物面上划分网格,涡迹的松弛迭代都不超过３０次,使得该法具有适应性广、省机时、使用方便、计算准确的特点。每次计算能详细提供各部件的气动干扰性能以及分离涡的强度和位置,成为气动外形设计、研究的有力手段。     

战术导弹亚声速纵横向非线性气动力计算研究

基于势流方程,进一步发展了非线性涡格法,计算研究了“ＸＸ”布局战术弹的纵横向非线性气动性能;与实验数据比较表明,本法适用于Ｍ∞≤０．８,α∞≤１５°。由于该法只需要在物面上划分网络,涡迹的松驰迭代都不超过３０次,使得该法具有适应性广、省机时、使用方便、计算准确的特点。每次计算能详细提供各部件的气动干扰性能以及分离涡的强度和位置,成为气动外形设计、研究的有力手段。     

细长翼身组合体前体非对称涡特性研究

通过低速和高速风洞试验对翼身组合体的前体非对称分离涡气动特性的研究，以及对旋成体非对称涡进行了大量的资料研究，结果表明：本专题所研制的细长翼身组合体的前体在较大迎角下有多个非对称涡；迎角、旋成体的外形，尤其是头部的几何形状是细长前体出现非对称涡的关键因素。     

超声速X形鸭翼-弹身组合体涡迹发展

应用蒸汽屏方法研究超声速X形鸭翼-弹身组合体涡迹发展。观察了起源于鸭翼后缘的四个翼涡在横截面上形成的“蛙跃”和上反角二翼涡与弹身一对对称脱体涡形成的“混合式蛙跃”现象。在临近蛙跃距离时,有不稳定特性发生。文中还给出了细长体理论计算的涡迹路径跟实验数据比较,结果表明:如果各个旋涡的初始位置和相对强度适合,这种数学模型可计算导弹上的各个旋涡路径,二者存在的差别,可能是由于计算未能模拟涡面和涡量耗散的缘故。为了有助于理解导弹的气动特性,用少量的离散涡计算涡迹路径,作为工程估算是适宜的。     

弹体头部形状与弹翼位置对弹翼涡破裂位置的影响

1.引言 近代战斗机和战术导弹,为获得高机动性能,一般均在大迎用下飞行.众所周知弹翼涡的破裂对大迎角导弹气动特性有着重要影响.因此影响涡破裂的因素是设计部门极为关     

利用涡的有利干扰推迟翼涡破裂

本文通过测力和水槽流态观察试验研究了战斗机和导弹式的翼体组合体翼涡破裂的推迟措施。利用安置于机翼(弹翼)前方和机体两侧的大后掠、小面积的机体边条所产生的边条涡的有利干扰,可以有效地推迟翼涡的破裂,从而达到提高最大升力系数和临界迎角的目的,试验表明,安置在不同位置的机体边条均可不同程度地提高最大升力系数C_(Lmax),在适当位置时,可提高临界迎角α_(kp)达2°～3°。     

连接翼布局气动特性研究

在一个小型低速风洞中进行了五种不同布局形式的连接翼方案实验研究。利用油流法研究了三种连接翼的流谱,初步分析了具有连接翼飞机的气流流动机理。为比较,同时对三角翼常规布局方案进行了实验,所有方案使用相类似的隐身布局机身。实验结果表明,连接翼布局有其特有的流型:翼面分前翼、后翼及外翼三部分,其流型受前翼涡、后翼涡、翼端涡、机身边条涡以及它们互相缠绕形成的新涡的控制。这些涡的产生、发展、离体和破裂的情况不同,形成不同方案气动特性的差别。连接翼布局气动特性优于常规翼布局,特别是最大升阻比可达12以上,失速迎角超过30°。通过前后翼后缘操纵面的有利组合,可以达到提高升阻比,满足纵、横向稳定性和操纵性要求的目的。结果显示,具有扁平机身的连接翼方案是一个有潜力的无人机布局形式。     

大迎角翼—身组合体涡流特性计算

论述了用非线性离散涡法来模拟大迎角下翼－身组合体涡流绕流的计算模型及计算方法；给出了一个典型翼－身组合体的涡流流态计算结果及非线性气动特性和截面压强分布。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.