Accuracy of source localization using multipath delays

The depth and range of underwater source can be estimated from measurements of propagation delay differences along multiple propagation paths. The accuracy of depth and range estimation using the Cramer-Rao lower bound is studied. The formulas derived can be used in conjunction with a propagation medium (nonconstant velocity profile). Explicit formulas for the bounds are derived for the case of homogeneous medium (constant velocity profile). Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the behavior of these bounds     

Aircraft flight parameter estimation using acoustic multipath delays

The signal emitted by an airborne acoustic source arrives at a stationary sensor located above a flat ground via a direct path and a ground-reflected path. The difference in the times of arrival of the direct path and ground-reflected path signal components, referred to as the multipath delay, provides an instantaneous estimate of the elevation angle of the source. A model is developed to predict the variation with time of the multipath delay for a jet aircraft or other broadband acoustic source in level flight with constant velocity over a hard ground. Based on this model, two methods are formulated to estimate the speed and altitude of the aircraft Both methods require the estimation of the multipath delay as a function of time. The methods differ only in the way the multipath delay is estimated; the first method uses the autocorrelation function, and the second uses the cepstrum, of the sensor output over a short time interval. The performances of both methods are evaluated and compared using real acoustic data. The second method provides the most precise aircraft speed and altitude estimates as compared with the first and two other existing methods.     

Analysis of an adaptive algorithm for unbiased multipath time delay estimation

The multipath equalization time delay estimator (METDE) provides an adaptive approach for estimating the difference in arrival times of a signal received at spatially separated sensors as well as the multipath channel characteristics. However, the parameter estimates of the METDE are biased in the presence of noise. The METDE algorithm is improved for unbiased parameter estimation via minimizing a modified cost function. Convergence behaviors and variances of the system variables of the amended method are derived. Computer simulations are included to corroborate the theoretical analysis and to evaluate the adaptive multipath delay estimation performance of the proposed algorithm.     

DOA estimation under unknown mutual coupling and multipath

We propose a new method for direction of arrival (DOA) estimation in the presence of multipath propagation and mutual coupling for a frequency hopping (FH) system. With the use of pilot symbols and assuming perfect time-frequency synchronization for a linear array, we take mutual coupling and multipath propagation into account, and derive a maximum likelihood (ML) estimator for both the mutual coupling matrix and DOA estimation. We then formulate an iterative alternating minimization (AM) algorithm for finding the mutual coupling and DOA parameters in an alternate manner. Simulation results illustrating the performance of the algorithm and comparison with the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) are also presented.     

Clutter and jammer multipath cancellation in airborne adaptiveradar

Airborne surveillance radars must detect and localize targets in diverse interference environments consisting of ground clutter, conventional jamming, and terrain scattered jammer multipath. Multidimensional adaptive filtering techniques have been proposed to adaptively cancel this interference. However, a detailed analysis that includes the effects of multipath nonstationarity has been elusive. This work addresses the nonstationary nature of the jammer multipath and its impact on clutter cancellation and target localization. It is shown that the weight updating needed to track this interference will also modulate sidelobe signals. At the very least, this complicates the localization of targets. At the worst, it also greatly complicates the rejection of clutter. Several techniques for improving cancellation of jammer multipath and clutter are proposed, including 1) weight vector interpolation, extrapolation, and updating; 2) filter architecture, constraint, and beamspace selection; 3) prefilters; 4) 3-D STAP architectures; and 5) multidimensional sidelobe target editing     

终端区飞机排序的规划模型和算法研究

对终端区到达飞机进行排序是终端区交通管理自动化系统的一项主要任务。提出了一种新的终端区规划排序模型，把飞机的排序问题看作等价于带有准备好时间的渐增周游店员问题，并给出了兼顾解的最优性和计算复杂性的快速启发式算法。分析了静态和动态两种情况，并且考虑了实际的运行限制。计算结果表明，所给模型和算法具有良好的规划性能，能较好地解决终端区排序问题，可应用于我国空中战术流量管制系统。     

非线性广义时变时滞系统鲁棒模糊控制

针对一类参数不确定模糊广义时变时滞系统,研究该系统的鲁棒稳定性控制问题。选取特殊的Lyapunov函数,给出了该系统稳定的充分条件,采用线性矩阵不等式技术,将时变时滞系统稳定性条件转化为求解一组线性矩阵不等式问题,并设计出状态反馈控制器,仿真结果说明该方法的可行性。     

Optimum time delay detection and tracking

An optimum solution to the time delay tracking problems has been previously achieved by recursively computing the time-delay posterior probability density function (PDF), or time-delay PDF conditioned on knowing all observed data, by numerical means. Any optimum estimate is determined from the posterior PDF. The same approach is extended to an optimum solution for the time delay detection problem with a randomly appearing and disappearing signal. The detector-tracker is suitable for a stand-alone detection and tracking system     

Multisignal time delay detection and tracking

An optimum solution to the time delay detection and tracking problem for a single signal is extended to the multisignal problem where the number of signals present in the observed data (if any) is unknown. The number of signals present is determined, and the time delay of each detected signal is tracked. The number of possible global, or first level, hypotheses is large because of the exponential dependence on the number of potential signals. An efficient approximate multisignal detection and tracking solution that is as near optimum as possible for the computational resources required is developed. It has the form of parallel detector-trackers (one for each potential signal) each similar to the single-signal case, with communication between them. Test results demonstrate the utility of the approach     

Observability, ensemble averaging and GPS time

Obtaining time from an ensemble of clocks with a Kalman filter when the system is not observable is examined. Particular attention is given to the Global Positioning System (GPS) master control station (MCS) Kalman filter and the ramifications of estimating ensemble time under conditions of unobservability are explored. The effect of one proposed workaround to problems caused by unobservability is addressed     

Nonlinear filtering and time varying Schrodinger equation

Based on our previous work we have successfully reduced the nonlinear filtering problem for Yau filtering system to the time-varying Schrodinger equation. In order to solve the nonlinear filtering problem, one needs to solve the time-varying Schrodinger equation with an arbitrary initial condition. We then solve the time-varying Schrodinger equation by constructing the fundamental solution explicitly via a system of nonlinear ODES in case the potential is quadratic in state variables. This system of nonlinear ODES is solved explicitly by the power series method.     

Rate-aided multisignal time delay detection and tracking

Time delay detection and tracking problems have been investigated in previous papers. The approach used is applicable to many problems. In those papers, a first-order Markov process was assumed for the signal parameter (time delay) dynamic model and a constant signal parameter value was assumed within a “block”, or processing unit of time. A performance degradation is incurred when the signal parameter value is “nearly constant-rate”. Also, “crossing” signal parameter values from different signals cannot be tracked. The detector-trackers will “switch” signals. To combat these difficulties, the signal parameter dynamic model is assumed to be a second-order Markov process, and signal parameter rate of change information is computed within a block. A rate-aided multisignal detection and tracking system is developed with these assumptions     

Correlations between GPS and USNO Master Clock time

The U.S. Naval Observatory Master Clock is used to steer the Global Positioning System (GPS) time. Time transfer data consisting of the difference between the Master Clock and GPS time has been acquired from all satellites in the GPS constellation covering a time period from 10 October 1995 to 12 December 1995. A Fourier analysis of the data shows a distinct peak in the Fourier spectrum corresponding to approximately a one day period. In order to determine this period more accurately, correlations are computed between successive days of the data, and an average of twenty five correlation functions shows that there exists a correlation equal to 0.52 at delay time 23 h 56 min, which corresponds to twice the average GPS satellite period. This correlation indicates that GPS time, as measured by the U.S. Naval Observatory, is periodic with respect to the Master Clock, with a period of 23 h and 56 min. An autocorrelation of a five day segment of data indicates that these correlations persist for four successive days     

Spectra and time variability of GX 5-1

From a short observation of GX 5-1 with EXOSAT we have derived information on spectral and temporal behaviour in the energy range 1–20 keV. The source was found to be variable on time scales from 10 s to 1 h. Describing the spectrum one is forced to assume at least two spectral components. The best fit is reached using a spectrum composed of two blackbody functions with typical temperatures 1 keV and 2 keV, corresponding to apparent blackbody radii of 43 km and 11 km, respectively (for a distance of 10 kpc). With respect to the hot component there is evidence for variability in temperature as well as in apparent blackbody radius. No periodic variability has been found over the period range 0.25 s to 2000 s. There is no evidence for an iron emission line.     

Trajectory reshaping based guidance with impact time and angle constraints

This study presents a novel impact time and angle constrained guidance law for homing missiles. The guidance law is first developed with the prior-assumption of a stationary target, which is followed by the practical extension to a maneuvering target scenario. To derive the closed-form guidance law, the trajectory reshaping technique is utilized and it results in defining a specific poly-nomial function with two unknown coefficients. These coefficients are determined to satisfy the impact time and angle constraints as well as the zero miss distance. Furthermore, the proposed guidance law has three additional guidance gains as design parameters which make it possible to adjust the guided trajectory according to the operational conditions and missile’s capability. Numerical simulations are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed guidance law. ? 2016 Chinese Society of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Production and hosting by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).     

Estimation and classification of FM signals using time frequency transforms

This work deals with electronic warfare: we have to process an intercepted radar-emitted signal assumed to be frequency-modulated (FM). A battery of parametric models being available, we face the two main problems: the parameter estimation, given a model, and the classification, given the battery. For the former, we propose the classical maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) and an original numerical scheme to reach it. For the latter, we construct a test based on the estimated variances cross-ratios. Both perform very efficiently with respect to (w.r.t.) the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) and the rate of correct classification, respectively, for low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs).     

Precise navigation using adaptive FIR filtering and time domainspectral estimation

This paper introduces a new low cost, short range, positioning system based on adaptive finite impulse response (FIR) filtering and time domain spectral estimation. The system can determine absolute positions with a high degree of accuracy and is well suited for real time navigation. The approach is based upon signal processing techniques and a priori knowledge of the system transfer function. The first step is to measure the phase response of the linear transfer function and then using a FIR filter the time response of the system can be determined. The FIR filter computes the time response by performing a deconvolution between the measured phase response, and the complex conjugate of the transfer function. By correlating the known input impulse response with the output of the FIR filter, an error term is generated. The time delay of the system is determined by adjusting the FIR filter coefficients to minimize the error term. Simulated analysis of the system indicates a worst case error of ±16 cm     

操作系统实时性指标研究与测试结果分析

为研究操作系统的实时性能指标及其影响因素,以常用的实时操作系统与通用操作系统作比较,通过编写测试用例和测试程序,使用基于硬件的μs级计时器获得时间参考,测试出影响系统实时性相关的参数,并通过对比Windows和RTX+Windows的实时指标,评估系统的实时性能,结果为数值分析和研究报告。实时性测试方法可以使用户在特定的领域选择适用的实时操作系统。