ESM对2D雷达引导性能分析

 对于由 ESM和雷达组成的多传感器系统,分析和推导了用 ESM对 2 D雷达成功引导的概率解析表示式,为求解成功引导概率提供了依据;研究了 ESM对 2 D雷达成功引导概率随一些特征参数的变化规律,并得出了 4个特性;在多种情况下进行了成功引导概率的数值计算,验证了成功引导概率的一些变化规律,并得出了一些有意义的结论,从而对研究和设计同地配置的 ESM对雷达引导系统具有一定的参考价值。     

从干扰地对空雷达到干扰空对地雷达效果的等效推算

通过建立干扰条件下地对空雷达上视工作和空对地雷达下视工作的数学模型,结合在发现概率和虚警概率给定情况下检测因子为定值的雷达检测理论,推导出了从干扰机干扰地对空雷达时的干扰效果等效外推到干扰空对地雷达的干扰效果的推理模型。该模型具有外场可操作性。     

航迹规划中反舰巡航导弹的雷达突防能力

在导弹航迹规划中，需要计算导弹突防过程中被雷达发现的概率。为此，在雷达方程中引入雷达系统特征常数以简化雷达方程，从探测概率与信噪比的关系出发，通过一系列的推导并考虑杂波的影响得出探测概率与目标距离的关系，提出在航迹规划中用横距探测概率来表征反舰巡航导弹的雷达突防能力。算例计算结果较为真实，表明该方法有一定应用价值。     

ADS-B监视下飞行间隔评估方法研究

广播式自动相关监视（ADS-B）技术推广使用的首要问题是间隔标准的确定,为此ADS-B下飞行间隔的评估就成为亟待解决的问题。采用与基准系统进行比较的方法,对ADS-B监视下的飞行间隔的安全评估方法进行了研究。建立了ADS-B监视下的危险接近概率模型,确定了ADS-B下飞行间隔的研究方法,对雷达监视和ADS-B监视下的危险接近概率进行比较分析,在不低于雷达监视的安全目标水平下确定出ADS-B监视下对应的最小间隔。研究结果表明：在不低于雷达监视的安全目标水平下,ADS-B监视下的飞行间隔标准更小,因此方法适用于国内ADS-B监视下的飞行间隔的评估。     

航迹规划中雷达探测空间的生成

从飞机突防习行任务规划出发，综合考虑地球曲率、陆地（或海洋）的反射和杂波干扰、大气折射和吸收损耗等因素的影响，采用临界散射截面法生成了对空警戒雷达在不同地貌、发现概率下，对不同雷达散射截面的目标的探测空间。计算并分析了飞行高度、目标雷达散射截面、发现概率和地貌等因素对雷达探测空间的影响，以便选择低探测概率的飞行走廓，这对制定和实施安全突防飞行策略有实际意义。     

有限姿控能力的低RCS微小卫星姿态实时规划

 为提高在轨微小卫星使用效能及生存能力,提出一种受姿控能源消耗及驱动能力约束的低雷达散射截面（RCS）微小卫星姿态实时规划算法。算法应用曲面像素法、时域有限差分法及假设检验,在三维空间内对微小卫星的RCS及雷达探测水平进行建模,并结合雷达分布模型构建了相应的威胁评估函数及规划代价评估函数。同时,为提高算法的实时性能,采用了粒子群优化(PSO)算法以降低计算复杂度。仿真结果表明,在有限计算量的基础上,算法能够以较小规划代价有效降低卫星威胁方向的RCS及雷达探测概率,满足对微小卫星飞行姿态实时规划的需要。     

Calculation of Probability of Detection with Target Scintillation

This paper presents a computational method for the calculation of probability of detection using measured radar target cross-section data. The described method can also be used for probability of detection calculations when the radar target cross section follows a specified probability density function. Using the computational procedure of the paper, a number of curves are generated which can be used for probability of detection calculations with exponential and Gaussian radar target cross-section distributions. The results obtained using theoretical distributions are compared with the corresponding results using actual target cross-section measurements. The results of computer runs are compared to the corresponding values in the literature where available.     

关于低RCS目标外形优化中目标函数的确定

在分析了低RCS目标外形优化中现有的两种目标函数的局限性的基础上,根据雷达检测概率与目标RCS分布之间的关系,提出了一种新的目标函数,即目标在威胁区域内其RCS大于规定的临界RCS的概率。算例表明本文所提出的目标函数比现有的目标函数更为有效,适用范围更广。为低RCS目标外形优化设计以及气动与隐身一体化设计提供了一个合理而有效的目标函数。     

Systematic Approach for Classification of Modern Surveillance Radar Systems

Inherent search volume is proposed as a tool for systematic comparison of modern phased-array surveillance radar systems. The advantage of the inherent search volume over the existing approaches based on single-scan and cumulative probability of detection is that the inherent search volume depends only on the unadjustable parameters of the radar. A comparison algorithm based on the inherent search volume criterion is presented.     

Sidelobe blanking with integration and target fluctuation

In radar systems, sidelobe blanking (SLB) is used to mitigate impulsive interference that enters the radar through sidelobes of the main antenna. SLB employs an auxiliary antenna channel with the output being compared with that of the main antenna channel and a decision is then made as to whether or not to blank the main channel output. SLB performance determination involves the evaluation of several probability functions. Based on the classical Maisel SLB architecture, this work extends previous performance results, in which detection was limited to the case of a single radar pulse with either Marcum or Swerling I target fluctuation. Probability expressions have been generalized to include both an arbitrary number of integrated pulses and target fluctuation models based on the gamma distribution. The Swerling fluctuation models are all special cases of the gamma distribution. Results are derived in terms of two generalized probability functions, one for detection and the other for blanking. With these generalized probability functions, the SLB design and performance results can be determined. Examples are presented and discussed.     

末制导雷达虚警概率检验方法

针对只有10^-8～10^-9量级的末制导雷达虚警概率难以检验的问题,研究虚警概率与发现概率、虚警时间的关系,论证了将虚警概率转化为虚警时间的检验方法,利用定时截尾统计检验理论,研究了不同鉴别比、不同试验时间、不同接收故障数时研制方与使用方的风险,提出了新型末制导雷达虚警概率的检验方法,解决了该项指标检验的难题。     

Monopulse Radars Excited by Gaussian Signals

This paper presents the theoretical probability densities of the outputs of both an amplitude-comparison monopulse radar and a phase-comparison monopulse radar when the monopulse radars are excited by Gaussian signals plus Gaussian noises. These probability densities are useful for studying the responses of monopulse radars to noise excitations. For example: Noise excitations arise when the monopulse radars are ?viewing? a noise source or a radar target consisting of randomly moving scatterers. The probability densities also serve as useful approximations for characterizing the outputs of monopulse radars when sinusoidal signals plus Gaussian noises excite the monopulse radars. Some special cases of the probability densities are presented in graphs.     

Retention Probability in a Track-While-Scan Radar

The probability of maintaining the track file, after acquisition in a track-while-scan (TWS) radar, has been formulated and computed under various conditions of initial range, velocity, and track drop time. All calculations are based on a predetermined update probability versus range characteristic. Results, obtainable with a digital computer in just seconds of computing time, readily demonstrate the relative superiority of retention characteristics achievable for TWS radar with an electronically steerable array antenna.     

The Jet Fighter Radar Cross Section

Two jet fighter models, 1/8th of original size, have been measured in the "radar range" installed in the anechoic chamber of the Armament Technology and Procurement Group in Berne. The measurements have been made at a frequency of 40 GHz (5 GHz for full scale), with an accuracy of ± 2 dB and a dynamic range of 80 dB. The statistical distribution of the radar cross section has been calculated with the help of a computer, based on the measured data. The detection probability has been calculated with the help of a correlation procedure. This procedure allows explanation of the symmetry relation between the detection probability and the cumulative distribution of the radar cross section, and of a well-known characteristic of the median value of the radar cross section. A statistical model is proposed for the distribution of the radar cross section of jet fighters, consisting of the distribution of a spheroid in which each element itself exhibits a Rayleigh fluctuation. This model presents a certain number of interesting characteristics, and there is an acceptable degree of coincidence with the measured values.     

Estimating matched filter amplitude probability functions byfailure rate analysis

Performance analysis of echolocation systems requires knowledge of the probability density function (pdf) or cumulative distribution function (cdf) of a matched filter output. A method is presented to estimate these and other probability functions from data by estimating the failure rate function, a function employed in reliability theory. The method can also be used to derive approximations to closed-form probability functions. The method is demonstrated using experimental sonar and radar clutter data and a closed-form radar clutter model     

Beam overlap impact on phased-array target detection

The impact of beam overlap on the probability of detection during a single scan of a phased-array volumetric scan radar is examined. Rectangular and triangular beam packing arrangements are considered. Beam positions near the beam most centered on the target are allowed to contribute to the detection process. The treatment of the impact of beam overlap on target detection for a phased array is consistent with the results that would be achieved by proper use of the search radar range equation     

飞机射频隐身表征参量及其影响因素分析

 随着军事装备的不断发展,无源探测器（电子支援系统、雷达告警接收机和电子情报接收机）对飞机的探测能力大大提高。为了避免机载雷达设备辐射的射频(RF)信号被截获,要求飞机具有良好的射频隐身性能。综合考虑机载雷达探测距离和无源截获接收机截获距离之间的关系以及天线空域扫描方式发生捷变对飞机射频隐身性能的影响,指出了用施里海尔(Schleher)截获因子评价飞机射频隐身性能的不足,并提出用信号截获率来表征飞机射频隐身特性的方法。最后,对影响信号截获率的因素进行分析与计算,在此基础上给出飞机实现射频隐身的途径与方法。该评价方法综合了飞机在时域、频域和空域上的射频隐身特性,对飞机的射频隐身设计具有参考价值。     

CWLFM Radar for Ship Detection and Identification

Continuous wave lineal frequency modulated (CWLFM) radar presents some interesting advantages for coast surveillance and control as well as low probability of interception (LPI). This paper presents real results obtained with a radar prototype and processed with ISAR techniques. Also, results of an automatic ship identification system applied to simulated ISAR images are exposed. Moreover, radar behavior with unfavorable meteorological conditions is discussed     

修正极坐标系下雷达与ESM航迹对准关联

研究了存在系统误差时修正极坐标系(MPC)下的雷达与电子支援措施(ESM)航迹关联问题。系统误差导致MPC下雷达和ESM的角度估计产生偏移,而对角度变化率、距变率与距离的比值(ITG)的估计影响不大;结合非中心卡方分布的知识,分析了雷达与ESM的测量误差对非中心参数和正确关联概率的影响;提出了一种基于积分重合度的雷达与ESM航迹对准关联算法。首先将雷达与ESM的目标映射到角度-角度变化率空间,分别得到了雷达与ESM的目标曲线,然后对两目标曲线求积分重合度,估计出雷达与ESM测角系统误差的偏移量,对偏移量补偿后进行雷达与ESM的航迹关联。仿真结果表明,本文所提算法能有效地提高存在系统误差时雷达与ESM正确航迹关联概率。     

反舰导弹对小目标攻击能力分析方法

反舰导弹单发命中概率是导弹攻击目标能力的核心体现。文章从影响命中概率因素分析人手,系统分析了目标特性对导弹末制导雷达捕捉概率和自导概率的影响,搭建了导弹武器系统对不同种类目标命中能力的函数关系,给出了反舰导弹对小目标攻击能力的理论计算分析方法,并通过实例验证了该方法的实用性,为靶场开展反舰导弹攻击小目标性能评定奠定了基础。