先驱体转化法含硼连续SiC纤维研究进展

含硼连续SiC纤维是很有前景的耐高温陶瓷纤维,室温拉伸强度达到3.0 GPa,耐温1 400℃以上。本文综述了国内外先驱体转化法含硼连续SiC纤维的基本性能和制备方法,并分析比较了各国含硼连续SiC纤维的性能以及制备方法的特点,进而提出制备含硼连续SiC纤维的新思路。     

影响SiC陶瓷纤维力学性能的因素评价

在SiC陶瓷纤维整个制备工艺过程中，影响因素繁多而且交叉作用，每个因素的变化都对SiC纤维的力学性能产生很大影响。本文以先驱体转化法为例，针对SiC陶瓷纤维整个制备工艺过程中的四个阶段，综述了各个因素对SiC陶瓷纤维最终力学性能的影响。     

纤维分布对Gr/Al复合材料显微组织和弯曲性能的影响

利用真空压力浸渗法制备了石墨纤维增强的铝基复合材料（Gr／ZL101A），研究了不同的纤维分布状态（SiC颗粒混杂纤维与未混杂的纤维）对复合材料显微组织及弯曲性能的影响。结果表明，SiC颗粒混杂不仅改善了纤维分布均匀性，而且弯曲性能也有明显提高。     

用粉浆法制造SiC/Al复合材料

 用Nicalon SiC纤维进行SiC/Al复合材料研究的结果表明,Al对该纤维的润湿性很差。其次,该纤维会与Al发生化学反应损伤纤维从而使其强度下降。因此,寻找一种低温固态复合工艺,如粉浆法,是必要的。粉浆法可避开液态Al不润湿SiC纤维的不利因素,又可降低化学反应速度,从而减少对纤维的化学损伤;此法可在常温下预成形因而可将玻璃的缠绕成型工艺移植到金属基复合材料。     

不同纤维束下SiC陶瓷基复合材料拉伸强度及拉伸行为研究

为了探究C纤维和SiC纤维对SiC陶瓷基复合材料力学性能的影响,采用化学气相浸渗法(CVI)制备了纤维束复合材料Mini-C/SiC和Mini-SiC/SiC,测试了C纤维束、SiC纤维束、Mini-C/SiC和Mini-SiC/SiC复合材料的拉伸强度,利用两参数Weibull分布模型研究了强度分布,并观察了复合材料的断口形貌。结果表明:两参数Weibull分布可有效合理地表征强度分布,并准确地进行强度预测。Mini-C/SiC复合材料的拉伸强度高于Mini-SiC/SiC复合材料,且C纤维束和Mini-C/SiC复合材料拉伸强度的分散性低于SiC纤维束和Mini-SiC/SiC复合材料。C纤维束发生韧性断裂,SiC纤维束发生脆性断裂。当基体裂纹达到饱和状态时,Mini-C/SiC复合材料继续变形直至断裂,而Mini-SiC/SiC复合材料随即发生断裂,Mini-C/SiC复合材料的断口主要以纤维丝和纤维簇的拔出为主,而Mini-SiC/SiC复合材料的断口主要以纤维丝的拔出为主。该实验结果将为SiC陶瓷基复合材料的设计与制备提供参考与借鉴。     

单向Hi-Nicalon/SiC复合材料的工艺与性能

对比了采用先驱体转化法及热压法制备的单向Hi-Nicalon纤维增强SiC基复合材料的性能差异,结果表明制备工艺对复合材料的微观结构和性能有极大的影响.采用先驱体转化制备的Hi-Nicalon/SiC复合材料具有较好的性能,弯曲强度为703.6MPa,断裂韧性为23.1MPa@m1/2;两种工艺制备的碳化硅基复合材料性能产生差别的主要原因是高温下Hi-Nicalon纤维的性能下降.     

纤维表面状态对C/C-SiC复合材料微观组织和相成分的影响

为了研究纤维表面状态对C/C-SiC复合材料微观组织和相成分的影响,将T300碳纤维在氮气氛围中进行不同温度的热处理后,采用液硅熔渗法制备了C/C-SiC复合材料。采用光电子能谱(XPS)对纤维表面成分进行了分析。结果表明:未处理纤维表面具有较高的氧含量,随着热处理温度的升高,纤维表面氧含量逐渐降低,导致纤维表面含氧官能团数目减少。扫描电镜(SEM)观察发现:未处理纤维增强的C/C预制体,孔隙尺寸较大且孔隙率低;而经1 500℃热处理纤维增强的预制体,孔隙尺寸较小但孔隙率高。随后对C/C预制体进行液硅熔渗处理,并对熔渗反应过程分析发现:由未处理纤维增强的预制体,液硅熔渗反应主要受溶解-沉淀和界面限制的扩散反应过程控制,获得的C/C-SiC复合材料中SiC基体相分布规则且含量较低,同时含有较高的残留Si;而经1 500℃热处理纤维增强的预制体,熔渗反应则主要受溶解-沉淀过程控制,获得的C/C-SiC复合材料中SiC基体含量多且分布较均匀,残留Si含量较少。     

耐高温连续碳化硅纤维的性能探讨及应用

通过比较碳纤维与SiC纤维的性能特点,介绍了连续SiC纤维的制备路径和国内外连续SiC纤维的发展进程,通过跟踪国外SiC纤维的应用,指出国产SiC纤维的应用牵引是发展的源动力。     

以一种新型先驱体制备SiC/SiC复合材料高温弯曲性能研究

以新型先驱体LPVCS(含乙烯基液态聚碳硅烷)为原料,以经CVD裂解碳(PyC)界面改性的KD-1型SiC纤维作为增强相,采用先驱体浸渍裂解工艺(PIP)制备三维编织SiC/SiC复合材料,并对其室温及1300℃弯曲性能测试表征。试验结果表明,采用LPVCS为先驱体制备SiC/SiC复合材料,降低了材料制备周期,且9个周期后材料密度达到2.14g/cm3,开孔率为10.8%。在1300℃空气环境中,SiC/SiC复合材料弯曲强度达到470.2MPa,断裂韧性达到20.7MPa·m1/2。采用扫描电镜对SiC/SiC复合材料1300℃下断口形貌进行观察,SiC纤维存在一定拔出;断口表面存在较为严重的氧化现象,这是导致材料弯曲强度降低的主要原因。     

电化学处理后CVD法SiC纤维阻抗特性及电阻率测量

采用交流阻抗法在50Hz～50000Hz范围内测量了电化学处理前后的CVD法SiC纤维样品，确定其具有电阻阻抗特征。通过模拟电路分析推导出计算纤维平均体电阻率及表面层电阻率的方法，并计算出SiC纤维表面氧化层的电阻率为5×104Ω·m左右。讨论了电阻率的影响因素。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.