Possible Experiments for Manned Orbiting Laboratory

Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) will provide the opportunity for space experiments and an assessment of man's ability to perform at zero gravity. The experiments discussed (nine in all) are designed to provide astrophysical and terrestrial information on ultraviolet, airglow, upper atmosphere chemistry, solar corona investigations, observation of objects at or near the sun's limb, cosmic ray investigations, planetary astronomy, and ionospheric investigations including plasmas.     

推进动力系统燃烧不稳定性产生的机理、预测及控制方法

在不稳定热释放和声波相互耦合作用下而产生的燃烧不稳定现象,表现为振荡燃烧的形式,常发生于火箭发动机、航空发动机加力燃烧室以及地面燃气轮机等装置当中,会对结构引起很严重的破坏。本文总结了当前关于燃烧不稳定问题的机理以及控制方法的研究进展。目前来看,关于燃烧不稳定的机理研究方面,包含实验研究以及数值方法研究。实验方面,有rijketube热声不稳定实验,还有模拟真实燃烧室环境的燃烧实验。数值方面的工作,包括线化的热声不稳定模型,以及对火焰进行描述的解析模型和大涡模拟等方面的工作。同时,人们尝试了各种抑制不稳定的方法。控制方法包含两大类,即:主动控制方法以及被动控制方法。主动控制方法在理论研究方面取得了重大成果,然而,由于其实现上需要复杂响应系统、执行机构,因此,距离实际工程应用还很遥远。而被动控制方法,例如,亥姆赫兹共振腔,以及穿孔板等装置,在工程上得到了很好的应用。     

航天飞机主发动机健康监控技术

美国航天飞机主发动机(SSME)的健康监控系统具有目前液体火箭发动机健康监控技术的先进水平.近年来围绕SSME的健康监控问题开展了大量、广泛的研究工作,这些研究标志着液体推进技术的一个新的发展方向.本文综合评述了在这一新的研究领域里所取得的最新进展.     

超声疲劳研究

超声疲劳试验方法省时、节能,适用于材料的长寿命疲劳和低速率裂纹扩展研究。近年来该试验技术和理论研究日益发展成熟。超声疲劳不仅属于疲劳学和断裂力学的基础研究,而且其成果已应用于航空、航天等工业领域。着重介绍超声疲劳研究的进展。     

缝式处理机匣轴向位置对压气机特性影响的机理

对轴向倾斜缝处理机匣轴向位置的改变如何影响轴流压气机性能进行了研究.试验与数值结果均表明三个轴向位置的处理机匣均扩宽压气机的稳定工作范围,轴向位置不变时扩稳效果最好,轴向位置后移时效果最差.同时轴向位置前移或后移使压气机等熵效率损害程度降低.通过详细地分析压气机内部流场表明:处理机匣轴向位置后移使叶顶机匣约1/3的轴向...     

Discrete energy release in microwave emission in the preflare stage

Examples of solar microwave precursors and estimates of their energetic characteristics are discussed based on spectral investigations of the preflare activity.     

Possibilities of investigation of X-ray sources on archival plates

The use of archival plates for investigations on X-ray sources is discussed and several examples of results are given.     

展向射流控制机翼前缘涡的机理及其应用

旋涡和流动分离的控制一直是空气动力学研究的一个重要。研究表明展向吹气是控制机翼上旋裂和流动分离的一种十分有效的气动措施。     

Reducing the risks of using Ada onboard the Space Station

The Ada programming language was chosen by NASA as the primary computer programming language for the development of new software for the US Space Station. Ada was selected based on the results of investigations coordinated through Johnson Space Center (JSC) and that resulted in the identification of a set of problems and risks associated with using software developed in Ada. Some of the specific solutions to problems identified through these investigations are described. Three areas in which Ada's use poses risks are discussed: real-time process control; the testing and verification of flight software for man-rated systems; and software error detection, identification, and recovery required in safety-critical systems     

Overview of adaptronics in aeronautical applications

The Institute of Structural Mechanics (ISM) at the German Aerospace Center is working on several projects, concerning adaptive structures. This paper focuses on some aeronautical applications that are subject of current investigations.     

Investigation of resonant modes and frequencies of plate vibrations as applied to turbomachine blades

The results of experimental and numerical investigations of resonant vibration frequencies and modes for rectangular cantilever plates of constant thickness are presented. The investigations are carried out using the methods of interference holography and finite elements, and the results may serve as basic references in determining resonant frequencies and modes of compressor and turbine blade vibrations.     

Gasodynamic characteristics of a combustion chamber in the integrated power plant with an asymmetric air intake

The results of experimental investigations of gasodynamic characteristics of a combustion chamber model in the integrated power plant (IPP) with an asymmetric air intake are presented. The influence of an angle of air supply into the chamber model on hydraulic losses and the flow structure is shown at different air flowrates, relative values of the minimal flow section area of the feeding air intake pipes, under changes of the flowrate of gas simulating gas generation products and geometric model parameters. A technique for measuring the concentration of carbon dioxide simulating IPP gas generation products in the combustion chamber air flow and the results of experimental investigations of a mixture formation process in the combustion chamber model are described.     

斜爆震波起爆特性及其波系结构研究

本文通过对斜爆震波起爆特性及其波系结构的研究进展进行综合评述,分析其研究现状与存在的不足,指导未来斜爆震波的基础研究。首先总结了斜爆震波起爆和驻定特性研究进展,重点回顾了斜爆震波起爆准则和驻定条件,接着对斜爆震波的诱导区结构和波面胞格结构研究进行了总结,随后对斜劈构型对斜爆震波的影响研究现状进行了概述。综述表明,斜爆震波的起爆、驻定和波系结构还需持续开展研究,特别需要关注的是平面斜爆震波的起爆准则和驻定条件,在真实流动条件下更深入研究斜爆震波宏观结构和波面结构的形成机理,探索受限空间内斜爆震波起爆、反射和驻定特性。     

Physical model of a hydrodynamically nonstationary turbulent flow

The influence of nonisothermality and hydrodynamic nonstationarity on turbulence generation and development is analyzed. A physical model of a hydrodynamically nonstationary turbulent flow is proposed, the model is created on the basis of previous experimental investigations on the structure of a nonstationary turbulent gas flow in the channel.     

COM开发中不同语言Sparse V-Tables接口问题的研究

基于从事COM相关开发和研究的实际经验,本文对于Microsoft公司和Borland公司对于Sparse V-Tables的处理方式进行了研究和实验,并提出了解决此类意外AV问题的方法.     

A simple model of heat exchange and friction in the channels with spiral near-wall flow swirlers

A model, constructed on the basis of modern concepts, for thermohydraulic calculation of the heat exchanger channels with the heat exchange intensifiers is proposed. Urgent problems of the further investigations in this field are formulated.     

Conception of electronic wind tunnel and first results of its implementation

The problem of ensuring an ecological safety of modern civil and transport aircraft is directly related to the problem of aerodynamic efficiency. Ground-based tests have a wide spectrum of possibilities for investigations and for solution of the problems arising in these investigations. Ground-based aircraft tests are always characterized by the aspiration to test models of greater size in available transonic wind tunnels (TWT). In this situation, systematic errors caused by the influence of TWT test section Walls (TWTW) on a flowfield around model should be taken into account and excluded from the obtained results. This problem is extremely important for large transport aircraft models: in this case the requirements for the test data accuracy are especially stringent. Depending on the wind tunnel (WT) design peculiarities, this problem may be solved in different ways that are described in this article.     

Gravitation and celestial mechanics investigations with Galileo

The gravitation and celestial mechanics investigations during the cruise phase and Orbiter phase of the Galileo mission depend on Doppler and ranging measurements generated by the Deep Space Network (DSN) at its three spacecraft tracking sites in California, Australia, and Spain. Other investigations which also rely on DSN data, and which like ours fall under the general discipline of spacecraft radio science, are described in a companion paper by Howard et al. (1992). We group our investigations into four broad categories as follows: (1) the determination of the gravity fields of Jupiter and its four major satellites during the orbital tour, (2) a search for gravitational radiation as evidenced by perturbations to the coherent Doppler link between the spacecraft and Earth, (3) the mathematical modeling, and by implication tests, of general relativistic effects on the Doppler and ranging data during both cruise and orbiter phases, and (4) an improvement in the ephemeris of Jupiter by means of spacecraft ranging during the Orbiter phase. The gravity fields are accessible because of their effects on the spacecraft motion, determined primarily from the Doppler data. For the Galilean satellites we will determine second degree and order gravity harmonics that will yield new information on the central condensation and likely composition of material within these giant satellites (Hubbard and Anderson, 1978). The search for gravitational radiation is being conducted in cruise for periods of 40 days centered around solar opposition. During these times the radio link is least affected by scintillations introduced by solar plasma. Our sensitivity to the amplitude of sinusoidal signals approaches 10^-15 in a band of gravitational frequencies between 10^-4 and 10^-3 Hz, by far the best sensitivity obtained in this band to date. In addition to the primary objectives of our investigations, we discuss two secondary objectives: the determination of a range fix on Venus during the flyby on 10 February, 1990, and the determination of the Earth's mass (GM) from the two Earth gravity assists, EGA1 in December 1990 and EGA2 in December 1992.     

Laminar flow control research at TsAGI: Past and present

This paper presents a brief review of activities in laminar flow control being performed at the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute named after Prof. N.E. Zhukovsky (TsAGI). These efforts are focused on the improvement of the existing laminar flow control methods and on the development of new ones. The investigations have demonstrated the effectiveness of aircraft surface laminarization applications with the aim of friction drag reduction. The opportunity of considerable delaying of laminar-turbulent transition due to special wing profile geometry and using boundary layer suction and surface cooling has been verified at sub- and supersonic speeds through various wind tunnel testing at TsAGI and during flying laboratory experiments at the Flight Research Institute (LII). The investigations on using hybrid laminar flow control systems for friction drag reduction were also carried out. New techniques of laminar flow control were proposed, in particular, the method of local heating of the wing leading edge, boundary layer laminarization by means of receptivity control, and electrohydrodynamic methods of boundary layer stability control.