赤道地区和中纬度地区扩展F的特点和比较

通过数值模拟研究了赤道地区和中纬度地区扩展F的触发机制间的联系,发现相同的触发机制在不同纬度的条件下所演化出的结构形态不相同,因此观测上会有所不同;研究了西向电场在赤道地区的作用,发现在适合的电离层参数组合下会产生观测到的电离层F区顶部扰动出现率高于底部扰动出现率的状况;在数值模拟的基础上提出了一个中纬度地区电波散射的模型,用以解释观测到的中纬度地区电波散射的出现率高于线性理论预期的现象.      

低纬Pc3脉动和电离层电流体系

假设在低纬地区有一根磁力线振荡,从基本方程出发,推算出地面各点的磁场扰动情况,模拟低纬Pc3脉动。对比低纬地区Pc3脉动的观测结果,可以看出用这种理论数值模拟的结果基本上与观测事实相符,用它可以初步解释低纬Pc3脉动的频率特性和偏振特点。     

基于轨道预报的热层模式评估

在太阳活动高低年的地磁平静/扰动环境下,利用不同热层大气模式J77,DTM78,MSIS00,JB2008和CHAMP加速度计反演密度,分析有无先验信息条件下的轨道预报误差.结果表明无先验信息的精密轨道预报中,热层模式的性能可能被弹道系数等参数偏差干扰,此时预报误差不能作为模式性能的评价标准.先验信息对轨道预报精度提升非常明显,尤其是地磁扰动期先进热层模式性能得以展现,轨道预报误差为无先验信息情况下的10%～25%.目前热层模式的主要缺陷存在于地磁扰动期.各模式之间的差异是:JB2008模式可以通过线性和单一频率周期项补偿,而J77及DTM78等模式还存在更多频率的误差.本文对不同情况下精密轨道预报的研究结果可为空间碎片碰撞预警等工程实践提供参考.      

地磁暴期间中国中低纬电离层的CIT研究

利用电离层层析成像技术(Computerized Ionospheric Tomography, CIT)处理115°E子午圈附近6个台站的GPS观测数据, 分析了2004年11月地磁暴期间中国中低纬电离层的响应情况. 结果表明, 电离层呈正相扰动, 且不同高度上的响应不同, 800 km以下电子密度有不同程度的增加, 且在峰值高度附近增幅最大, 800 km以上地磁暴的影响并不显著; 伴随地磁能量的注入, 赤道异常峰极向扩展; 随磁扰强度的降低, 电子密度也逐渐恢复至平静水平. 这些结果与以往的理论和观测结果一致, 初步估计扰动是由热层暴环流引起的, 并受到赤道异常峰移动的影响.      

背景风场维持的中尺度受导重力波

提出了由上层大气背景风场所维持形成的中尺度重力波受导传播机制,通过一种新的全波解数值方法计算了这种受导波的色散关系和衰减距离。与Ｍｉｌｌｓｔｏｎｅ Ｈｉｌｌ地区 动的观测结果进行了比较,很好地解释了该地区的扰动风场滤波现象。     

强磁暴、能量粒子暴与热层大气密度涨落之间的相关关系

利用1997-2007年由GOES8, GOES11和GOES12星载高能粒子探测器在地球同步轨道高度上所探测到的高能质子和高能电子通量探测数据以及高度560km左右星载大气密度探测器所得的热层大气密度探测数据, 统计分析了强地磁扰动、高能粒子通量跃变和热层大气密度涨落之间的相关关系, 初步获得强地磁扰动期间, 地球同步轨道(外辐射带外环)均出现了增幅大于三个数量级的高能质子通量(尤其是E>1MeV)强增强现象, 随后热 层大气密度强烈上涨, 表明三者之间是正相关关系. 在时间上地球同步轨道高能质子通量强增强现象先于日均Ap值(地磁活动程度)上涨约一天左右, 而热层大气密度强涨落现象又明显滞后于强地磁扰动事件.      

2007-2009谷年期间高热层大气密度的变化

在第23至第24太阳活动周的峰年之间,太阳活动谷年具有持续时间长,极低F_10.7太阳辐射通量（低至65）和超长期的零太阳黑子数记录等特点,因此是观测和研究在这种特殊背景下热层大气变化的极好机会.尤其是能充分理解和掌握在宁静环境下热层大气密度对弱太阳活动和小地磁扰动的响应特性.本文利用高度650 km以上星载大气密度探测器2007—2009年的连续探测数据进行分析,结果表明,在太阳辐射通量F_10.7极低值期间,较高热层大气密度对F_10.7的起伏具有更显著的响应变化.当F_10.7由70降至65时,日均大气密度会有4～5倍的显著降变,远大于通常大气模式中的降变值.同样在F_10.7极低值期间,较高热层大气密度对小地磁扰动也具有显著的响应增变,当日K_p指数之和由23增至30时,较高热层大气密度则会有80%～160%的强增变.     

太阳色球层-日冕中扰动的传播(Ⅱ)

首先讨论了磁流波传播的线性特征，然后构造了球坐标中-自治的非等温，非均匀等离子体初态，应用二维时变可压缩磁流体动力学模拟，数值研究了色球层底部压力脉冲所引起扰动的全球传播过程，结果表明，在极区，压力脉冲导致的扰动传播可以区分成两类不同模式的波动，快磁声波与慢磁声波，而在赤道附近，传播扰动是快模磁声波，在源区附近还存在一非传播的扰动，模拟结果的特征有助于解释SOHO/EIT观测到的波动事件。     

上行离子源区卫星探测的轨道需求分析

极区从电离层到磁层的上行粒子流探测研究是空间天气建模中的重要问题,其起源和加速机制是磁层-电离层-热层耦合小卫星星座计划的主要科学目标. 磁层-电离层-热层耦合小卫星星座计划拟定由两颗磁层星和两颗电离层/热层星组成星座对极区进行联合观测. 其中,上行粒子源区附近的就位探测是电离层-热层耦合机制研究的重点,也是电离层/热层星轨道设计的关键. 根据相关空间探测计划和卫星观测结果,通过比较圆轨道和椭圆轨道两种方案,确定电离层/热层星采用椭圆轨道.      

电离层中小尺度扰动的多频多普勒快速探测与分析

电离层反射回波的高频多普勒频移测量是研究电离层扰动的重要方法之一.利用基于单频信号相位变化率测量的实时探测方法,获取连续高精度多频多普勒频高图,以实现中小尺度电离层扰动的快速探测研究.该方法被应用于敏捷式高性能电离层无线电多频探测系统样机平台.经验证在该平台上获取的多普勒频移分辨率可达0.039Hz,频高图探测周期最短小于1min.基于这种快速探测方法和平台在武汉观测站进行了较长时间的观测和数据采集,获得高精度多普勒频移并反演出电子浓度等值面法向运动速度,得到电离层反射寻常波的多普勒频高图和垂直扰动速度等信息,进而推演出电离层扰动随时间和空间的实时变化特征.对这些时域信号进行频谱分析,初步结果显示这些扰动主要是由极区活动激发的中国中部地区冬季出现率较高的中尺度TID.此外,对三种常用的电离层扰动反演分析方法进行了对比研究,结果显示电离层扰动的变化趋势基本一致,说明观测数据和研究方法可靠稳定,为多频多点电离层扰动的传播特性观测研究提供了基础.      

背景风场对中尺度受导重力波的影响

采用重力波的大气分层全波解法，计算得出了强逆风场作用下以及无风条件下中尺度重力波受导波模的色散曲线和衰减距离曲线，结果表明，强逆风场可以使得各中尺度受导波模衰减距离明显变长，并导致不同尺度重力波的衰减距离出现峰值分布，通过分析美国MillstoneHill台站和武汉电离层观象中的TID实测结果证实了这些风场支持的远距离传播波模的存在。     

非线性大气重力波产生的行进电离层扰动

本文导出了大气重力波的非线性方程,研究了重力波的非线性性质。利用等离子体的连续性方程,计算了电离层对重力波的非线性响应,讨论了非线性电离层扰动(TID)的形态。结果表明,非线牲效应使TID表现为多种不规则形态。      

从射电天文观测数据反演电离层行扰的相速

本文结合ＴＩＤｓ的形成机制及其测量技术，对它的传播特性作了有益于测量的讨论，指出：（１）ＴＩＤｓ是由两个正交波组成；（２）测量电子总含量所表征的ＴＩＤｓ与测量电子浓度所表征者同样有效，据此导出了从测量数据反演其相速的公式，并对波幅的抑制效应作了讨论。     

Atmosphere-ionosphere coupling from convectively generated gravity waves

Ionospheric variability impacts operational performances of a variety of technological systems, such as HF communication, Global Positioning System (GPS) navigation, and radar surveillance. The ionosphere is not only perturbed by geomagnetic inputs but is also influenced by atmospheric tides and other wave disturbances propagating from the troposphere to high altitudes. Atmospheric Gravity Waves (AGWs) excited by meteorological sources are one of the largest sources of mesoscale variability in the ionosphere. In this paper, Total Electron Content (TEC) data from networks of GPS receivers in the United States are analyzed to investigate AGWs in the ionosphere generated by convective thunderstorms. Two case studies of convectively generated gravity waves are presented. On April 4, 2014 two distinct large convective systems in Texas and Arkansas generated two sets of concentric AGWs that were observed in the ionosphere as Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (TIDs). The period of the observed TIDs was 20.8 min, the horizontal wavelength was 182.4 km, and the horizontal phase speed was 146.4 m/s. The second case study shows TIDs generated from an extended squall line on December 23, 2015 stretching from the Gulf of Mexico to the Great Lakes in North America. Unlike the concentric wave features seen in the first case study, the extended squall line generated TIDs, which exhibited almost plane-parallel phase fronts. The TID period was 20.1 min, its horizontal wavelength was 209.6 km, and the horizontal phase speed was 180.1 m/s. The AGWs generated by both of these meteorological events have large vertical wavelength (>100 km), which are larger than the F2 layer thickness, thus allowing them to be discernible in the TEC dataset.     

Numerical study of traveling ionosphere disturbances with vertical incidence data

High frequency ionosphere vertical sounding, as an important and representative application for detecting the ionosphere and studying the characteristics of radio propagation, can be utilized to monitor the ionosphere continuously variation and to acquire the ionosphere asymmetrical features of diverse scale above the ionosphere vertical sounding stations. This is a first article on real time application of numerical methods to obtain the parameters of traveling ionosphere disturbances (TIDs) using vertical incident ionograms. In this paper, the distribution of ionosphere electron density with TIDs is constructed using a background ionosphere model superimposed a perturbation theory model. The background ionosphere electron density is modelled by the inversion of vertical incident ionograms which are observed before the appearance of the disturbance. Based on the fourth order Adams-Bashforth-Moulton (the so-called ABM) predictor corrector method, instead of Runge-Kutta method, the fast digital ray tracing method is established. According to process of the disturbed trace simulation and parameters inversion, the characteristic parameters of ionosphere disturbance at different detection time can be obtained in real time. The numerical analysis of TIDs is then captured completely.     

太阳风质子束流的演化

太阳神飞船观测表明，太阳风高速流中质子束分量相对于核分量的密度随日心距离增加而增加．提出解释这一观测现象的机理并给出二维数值模拟结果．由于阿尔芬波速随日心距离增加而减少，第二支左旋波将与更多的质子共振，把部分原来属于核分布的质子拉到束分布中来．用数值模拟方程方法求解回旋波共振导致的准线性扩散方程，数值结果与观测结果相符合．     

Broadband electrostatic noise and low-frequency waves in the Earth’s magnetosphere

Broadband electrostatic noise (BEN) is commonly observed in different regions of the Earth’s magnetosphere, eg., auroral region, plasma sheet boundary layer, etc. The frequency of these BENs lies in the range from lower hybrid to the local electron plasma frequency and sometimes even higher. Spacecraft observations suggest that the high and low-frequency parts of BEN appear to be two different wave modes. There is a well established theory for the high-frequency part which can be explained by electrostatic solitary waves, however, low-frequency part is yet to be fully understood. The linear theory of low-frequency waves is developed in a four-component magnetized plasma consisting of three types of electrons, namely cold background electron, warm electrons, warm electron beam and ions. The electrostatic dispersion relation is solved, both analytically and numerically. For the parameters relevant to the auroral region, our analysis predict excitation of electron acoustic waves in the frequency range of 17 Hz to 2.6 kHz with transverse wavelengths in range of (1–70) km. The results from this model may be applied to explain some features of the low-frequency part of the broadband electrostatic noise observed in other regions of the magnetosphere.     

Digisonde observations of TIDs with frequency and angular sounding technique

A technique for studying ionospheric wavelike phenomena, primarily AGW/TID events, is developed based on the solution of the problem of radio wave propagation in ionospheric plasma disturbed by wavelike processes. A perfectly reflecting surface model is used for representing TIDs propagating at ionospheric heights. This technique is a generalization of the Frequency-and-Angular Sounding (FAS) method developed earlier for oblique TID diagnostics using transmitters of opportunity. Trial measurements were made in November 2003 with two DPS-4 systems at Millstone Hill Observatory, providing experimental validation of the developed method by comparing the results of disturbance diagnostics to those simultaneously obtained with the original (oblique) FAS method. The TID parameters recovered during the November 2003 campaign suggest that the observed disturbances predominately propagated equatorward which likely indicates their sources to be in the auroral region. The equatorward propagating AGW/TIDs are typical for disturbed geomagnetic conditions which were observed during the campaign. Implementation of the generalized FAS technique in the DPS sounder allowed development of a dedicated data acquisition system for ionospheric disturbance diagnostics. Routine measurements with the developed technique using the existing world-wide network of Digisondes (GIRO) will make it possible to conduct large-scale studies of the AGW/TID phenomena.     

台风激发的声重力波的可探测性研究

通过对北京大学高频多普勒台站(39.4°N,116.2°E)多年的观测资料及相关台风资料的统计分析,着重研究了高频多普勒探测手段对由台风引起的扰动电离层响应的可探测性问题.通过对台风登陆前后的高频多普勒观测记录的细致分析及与宁静条件下记录的对比研究,表明高频多普勒观测手段可以很好地探测由台风激发的声重力波,尤其是对台风登陆前后所激发的扰动具有较高的可探测性.在所分析的24次台风事件中有明显扰动记录的高达22次(22/24).结合观测事实与Huang等的统计结果(2/12)进行了比较,并进行了可能的原因分析.通过数值模拟的方法对观测到的主要扰动的非线性传播过程进行了模拟再现,结果基本上与观测结果及线性传播理论一致.确认了一般情况下高可探测性这一事实,但同时也表明可探测性和台风激发源与探测位置及中尺度TIDs在电离层中的传播模式有密切关系.