Navigation Computation in Terrestrial Strapdown Inertial Navigation Systems

The problem of computing the translational velocity and position relative to earth, which has to be solved by the processor of a strapdown inertial navigation system is discussed. Several approaches are briefly examined with consideration given to the form in which the sensor data are generated and to the computational burden involved in each approach. A computational scheme is finally selected in which the computation is divided into three rate levels. The differential equations of this scheme are developed and the assumptions on which the development is founded are stated. Three variants of the basic scheme are presented, each based on a different level of simplifying assumptions. The main purpose of this work is to develop the differential equations to be solved at each stage of the computation, rather than the numerical implementation of the solution. This work supplies the theoretical background for some of the numerical methods which are now being used.     

Landmark Navigation Rule, a New Navigation Device

Two new methods of landmark navigation were recently presented. The landmarks are assumed to be within sight of the navigator but with unknown positions. Both methods require computations which are time consuming when a computer is not available. This correspondence presents the concept of a new navigation device called ?landmark navigation rule? which eliminates all the computation effort required in both new methods. The device is simple in construction, lightweight, and consumes no power.     

偏振光导航

本文简单的介绍了偏振光导航的发展背景、偏振光导航的基本原理以及偏振光导航的发展历程,同时提出了偏振光导航需要解决的问题。     

精度、灵敏度高的原子芯片惯导

以色列研究人员研制了一种原子芯片惯导系统。这种微芯片技术为研制出高精度和高灵敏度的传感器奠定了基础。     

导航星座自主导航技术--自主星历更新

自主星历更新是导航星座自主导航的关键技术之一,包括卫星轨道精密确定和轨道短时预报两个方面的内容。本文在系统地论述导航星座自主导航的信息处理流程的基础上,重点提出星座卫星轨道精密确定的自适应Kalman滤波算法。系统仿真结果表明：通过星间双向测量数据的滤波处理,能够获得高精度的卫星星历和较小的用户测距误差（URE）,满足高精度导航定位需求,初步证明导航星座自主导航信息处理流程及其星历更新算法的合理性和可行性。     

改进的组合导航算法在MEMS组合导航系统中的应用

针对MEMS组合导航系统的应用,提出了一种改进的组合导航算法。首先采用零速修正算法对MEMS陀螺仪逐次启动重复性无规律的常值零偏进行补偿;其次,通过分析陀螺仪误差项的构成,提出了一种将卡尔曼滤波器输出的误差估计量P与零速修正的误差量相结合的改进导航算法,引入误差量分配加权思想,实现对系统误差方差阵Q中陀螺仪误差量的在线调节。利用跑车试验数据对算法进行验证,结果表明在MEMS组合导航系统中,与经典的导航算法相比,改进算法的导航精度更高、可靠性更强,是一种能有效应用于实际中的估计方法。     

极区航海用惯性导航系统综述

目前,航海用惯性导航系统普遍采用常规的当地水平固定指北机械编排,不适合极区工作,为了满足航海导航的需要,研究了极区惯性导航技术。给出了常规机械编排在极区导航中面临的主要问题,阐述了国内外极区惯性导航系统的发展与现状,分别介绍了自由方位、游移方位、格网及横坐标惯性导航系统的机械编排,并分析了它们存在的问题,最后简要给出了未来极区导航技术研究的发展方向。     

基于INS/JTIDS组合的JTIDS相对导航

简要地介绍了联合战术信息分发系统(JTIDS)的相对导航原理,分析了低动态用户相对导航卡尔曼滤波算法对于高动态用户的局限性。在 INS/JTIDS 组合导航的基础上,探讨了 JTIDS的相对导航。     

通信/导航系统

~~通信/导航系统     

导航星座的自主导航技术--卫星自主时间同步

基于星载原子时钟频率稳定性的Allan方差表达,建立系统状态方程,并以星间双向测量伪距差作为基本观测量,组成系统测量方程,从而可以设计适用于导航星座卫星时间同步的Kalman滤波算法。系统仿真结果表明：通过对星间双向测量数据的滤波处理,能够实现星座卫星时间精密同步。     

某型飞机导航系统惯导校正方式研究

从校正方式组成及原理入手,详细地介绍了某型飞机导航系统惯导几种校正方式的使用特点及相互交联关系。通过数学模型的建立,对几种校正方式的逻辑关系和转换关系进行了整理。本文的研究,为该型飞机导航系统校正方式控制率的改进研制,提供了相应的理论支持。     

星基量子定位导航系统的测距、定位与导航

基于量子定位导航系统原理,设计并分析了基于3颗卫星的星基量子定位导航系统的测距与定位过程,包括星地光链路的建立、量子纠缠光的发射与接收、到达时间差的获取、量子定位导航系统的测距,以及用户坐标的计算与导航,并对量子定位导航系统中的每个过程的实现进行了详细的阐述。     

民用飞机组合导航实际导航性能计算方法

提出了一种民用飞机组合导航实际导航性能计算方法,通过提取组合导航卡尔曼滤波器的误差协方差 矩阵,并对水平位置误差进行近似拟合,获得95% 的概率误差圆半径,即为组合导航实际导航性能。该方法 计算过程简单,易于实现,具有较强实用价值。     

Navigation by Back Triangulation

The development of electronic surveillance systems that can accurately measure the direction of arrival of signals from ground radar stations has opened the possibility of using statistical techniques to determine navigation information for the measuring vehicle. The method of combining "bearing" observations from several radar sites for navigational purposes, referred to as "back triangulation", will be discussed and demonstrated by simulation.     

惯性+星光折射定位组合导航技术研究

由于现有惯性器件精度水平有限,纯惯性导航误差较大,因此需要采用组合导航的方式来提高导航精度.目前,全自主组合导航方式中传统的惯性+星光定姿组合导航方法只能实现定姿,不能实现定位,无法修正加速度表测量误差引起的惯性导航误差,故在精度上可提升空间有限.为此,提出了一种惯性+星光折射定位组合导航方法,重点从星光折射定位原理、...     

Aircraft Navigation Using Omega

This paper describes a study of those aspects of Omega navigationthat are unique to aircraft applications. The main effort of the studyis to use a digital computer to simulate the reception of Omega signals.Three principal conclusions are drawn: the poorer signal-to-noiseratio environment will not preclude reception; interfering carriers willnot preclude reception; and the required velocity-aiding accuracy isquite modest in terms of that which is readily available from inertialsystems.     

水下运载体导航技术

本文第一部分综合了国外近几十年根据不同需求形成的多种水下导航技术,论述了面上导航信息利用水声技术向水下转化的多种形式以及利用不同地球物理参数与地理位置相关性导航的各自特点与问题,论述了在测绘海底地形、重力与其它地球物理特性及其变化时在传感器层面和任务层面融而为一所形成的独具水下特色的同步定位与建图(Simultaneous Localization and Mapping,SLAM)导航技术,论述了NavLab作为一个通用工具软件在水下导航系统研发、精度分析以及作业前导航功能规划和导航信息事后处理方面的独特作用。本文第二部分以极具代表性的挪威HUGIN AUV系列产品军民两用为实例,根据任务和导航功能需求,从其“导航工具箱”(ToolBox)选择适用手段,给出典型任务对应的导航方式和传感器。文章结束部分给出了基于先进人工智能技术的未来展望。     

GPS Aided Inertial Navigation

The Global Positioning System is an extremely accurate satellite-based navigation system which, after its completion in 1989, will provide users worldwide, 24 hour. all weather coverage. A joint research project among Boeing, Rockwell-Collins, and Northrop has been completed in which a GPS receiver was integrated with a low-cost strap-down inertial navigation system and a flight computer. A Kalman filter in the latter allows in-fight alignment and calibration of the INS. In addition, feedback from the INS to the GPS receiver improves the system's ability to reacquire satellite signals after outages. The resulting system combines the accuracy of GPS with the jamming immunity and autonomy of inertial navigation. System tests were conducted in which a Boeing owned T-33 jet aircraft was flown through known test pattern to align and calibrate the INS. Earlier tests, including tests against an airborne jammer, were conducted in a modified passenger bus.     

MEMs for Aerospace Navigation

The MEMS aerospace market has its own specificities in terms of market size, standards, and performance characteristics (very long term stability, reliability, and safety levels). Improvements are needed for future applications. THALES Avionics has a twenty-year experience in quartz and silicon MEMS design and manufacturing and is recognized as a leader by the French MOD in this field. MEMS pressure sensors and accelerometers are manufactured in large volume and used for safety-critical applications. THALES technology policy focused on planar architecture, die vacuum packaging, and deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) allowing good characteristics for sensors in development. A Silicon Vibrating Beam Accelerometer single chip is now under development. Its operating principle is described with two resonators in push-pull configuration. A tuning fork planar rate gyro is also developed with exactly the same technology for industrial efficiency. Performance results will be addressed. The development and industrialization road-map of theses inertial products is described for the following five years. Gyro-compassing grade inertial sensors would be available during the next decade allowing low-cost, high-grade navigators using simultaneously GNSS receivers and inertial MEMS navigators.